英文实验报告的格式和写法

英文实验报告的格式和写法【转】

2010-10-0406:03

一份的实验报告的格式：

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

分别来分享下近来学到的

Abstract

强烈建议整篇文章写完后再写摘要。

把文章每个部分选一些句子出来就可以拼凑成一个abstract了。

一个abstract的模板：

1一两句话说明这个实验的主要理论依据，或者实验需要证明的假说。2一两句话说一下这个理论或者假说的相关的研究。

3两三句话描述一下实验

4两三句话概括一下实验结果

5一句话说一个结论，解释一下这个实验的意义或结果的重要性

转一个别人的e_ample:

Doesachild’sfocuscorrelatewithbarometricpressureifso,doesitcorrelatepositivelyornegativelyTucker(1999)hypothesizedanegativecorrelation,XXXXXX,anothergrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewasneutral,andthefinalgrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewaXXX

XXX,practitionersshouldgivetheCPTwhenbarometricpressureisneutral.

Introduction

Introduction以实验目的为开头，解释一下这个实验需要证明的东西。具体实验目的视全篇实验报告长度而定，几段到几页都有的。

实验目的写完后介绍实验基本理论。介绍一下前人或者文献里的相近相关的实验，写一下他们的成果以及不到位的地方。（well,如果是学校安排的每年都要

做的实验就写写类似相关实验的优劣吧），这部分注意写reference。

然后介绍一下实验过程。如果实验用了一些非常见的仪器，也可以在这个部分做一个简要介绍。

再转一篇我认为写得很好的Introductione_ample

Introduction

Inthislab,XXX.Theoptimalforagingtheoryassumesthatanimalsfeedinawaythatma_imizestheirnetrateofenergyintakeperunittime(Pykeetal.1977).Ananimalmayeitherma_imizeitsdailyenergyintake(energyma_imizer)orminimizethetimespentfeeding(timeminimizer)inordertomeetminimum

XXX(Belovsky1986)andaccomplishthisma_imizingbehaviorbychoosingfoodthatisofhighqualityandhaslow-searchandlow-handlingtime(Pykeetal.1977).

Thecentralplacetheoryisusedtodescribeanimalsthatcollectfoodandstoreitinafi_edlocationintheirhomerange,thecentralplace(Jenkins1980).ThefactorsassociatedwiththeoptimalforXXX(RockwoodandHubbell1987).Centralplacefeedersareveryselectivewhenchoosingfoodthatisfarfromthecentralplacesincetheyhavetospendtimeandenergyhaulingitbacktothestoragesite(Schoener1979).

Themainobjectiveofthislabwastodeterminebeaver(Castorcanadensis)foodselectionbasedontreespecies,size,anddistance.Sincebeaversareenergyma_imizers(Jenkins1980,Belovsky1984)andcentralplacefeeders(McGinleyandWhitam1985),XXX,twigs,andbarkofmostspeciesofwoodyplantsthatgrownearwater(JenkinsandBusher1979).Bye_aminingthetreesthatarechewedornot-chewedinthebeavers’homerange,anaccurateassessmentoffoodpreferencesamongtreespeciesmaybegained(Jenkins1975).ThepurpXXX.

XXX,XXXoryandcentralplacetheoryleadustopredictthatbeavers,

likemostherbivores,XXX,beaverswillchoosetreesthatareclosesttotheircentralplace(thewater)XXX,we

hypothesizedthattheywilltendtoselectsomespeciesoftreesoverothersonthebasisofnutritionalvalue.

Methods

这部分通常包括Material和Procedure两个部分。

Material：

详细的写出实验用到的材料，设备，器材。像下面这样是不够详尽的：Chromatography

Lightbulbs

Computer

比较一下下面的：

LC-10AVPPlusHigh-performanceliquidchromatography

24incandescent60Wlightbulbsarrangedina64rectangularmatri_(SeeFigure2)

DellPrecisionT7500(_eon_55502.66GHz,6GBRAM,64bitWindows7Professional)

另外，如果实验对象中有人的话，介绍人数，群体背景。用Subjects来称呼。比如

Subjects

Wetested150third-gradestudentschosenatrandomfromapoolof346applicantsfrXXX.allagreedtoparticipateinourstudyine_changefora25poundsgiftcertificatefromalocaltoystore.

Procedure

详细写出每一步步骤。不要虚构理想化实验，不要夸大某个过程

如实叙述即可。如果步骤比较多就用数字标出每一步。

e_ample:

Thetestperformedonthepotentiometerwasaccomplishedbywindingastringaroundthepotentiometershaft,attachingamasstothestring,XXXXXX.Ifthisassumptionweretrue,thefrictionforcefromthetorquewouldbeFf=T/r(whereTisthetorqueandristheradiusofthepotentiometer’sshaft).Likewise,thegravityforcewouldbeFg=mg(wheremisthemasstiedtothestringandgisthegravitationalacceleration).Aforcebalancethengives

T=mr(g-a),

XXX,theneachmasswouldundergoaconstantacceleration.

Thepotentiometermeasuredvoltageversustimeforthemassesastheydropped,XXX,a‘calibration’XXX,thepotentiometer’XXXsetdistance(2inches),XXX(seeAppendi_Afortheresults).Todeterminetherelationshipbetweenvoltageandposition,XXX.9661volts/inch.

XXX,thestringwasrolledupontheshaft,theoscilloscopewastriggered,XXX,theoscilloscopecollectedthepotentiometer’XXX,weusedthe

voltage-positionrelationship,mentionedabove,XXX.

Results

实验的数据，公式，图表，计算过程，用一种对读者最友好的形式展示出来。实验的原始数据通常都是放在附录的，这里都是放处理过的数据。

如果有大量的计算，至少要列出其中一个samplecalculation.

Results部分的开头最好重复一下实验目的。

如果结果很多，最好分成不同的section

e_ample:

Results

Overall,beaversshowedapreferenceforcertainspeciesoftrees,andtheirpreferencewasbasedondistancefromthecentralplace.

Measurementstakenatthestudysiteshowthatbeaversavoidedoaksandmusclewood(Fig.1)andshowasignificantfoodpreference(_2=447.26,d.f.=9,P<.05).NoavoidanceorparticularpreferencewasobservedfortheothXXX.42mawayfromthewaterfornot-chewedtreeswassignificantlygreaterthanthemeandistanceof

6.13mforchewedtrees(t=3.49,d.f.=268,P<.05)(Fig.2).Thetreespeciesthatwereavoidedwerenotsignificantlyfartherfromthewater(t=.4277,d.f.=268,P>.05)XXX,nosignificantdifferenceincircumferencewasfoundbetweentreesthatwerenotchewed(mean=16.03cm)andchewed(mean=12.80cm)

(t=1.52,d.f.=268,P>.05)(Fig.3).

Discussions

对于results中描述的实验数据，在这个部分中进一步诠释，解释每个结果的含义，为后面conclusion做准备。

discussions的开头把实验的理论或者假说重复一遍，然后说明其中一个观点1Thee_periment’sresultsprove(recommend)thetheory(hypothesis).2Thee_periment’sresultsdisprovethetheory(hypothesis).3Thee_periment’sresultswereinconclusive.

然后几个方面说明这个观点

Whatresultsconfirmtheopinion

istherereasonabledoubtforyouropinionanypossibleflawsinthee_perimentaldesignorholesintheresults

howdoyourresultscomparewithsimilare_periments,whymightyourresultsdiffer.

E_ample:

Ourteamattemptedtodeterminewhetherbarometricpressureinfluenceschildren’XXX,wetestedTucker’s(1999)hypothesis,whichstatesthatchildren’sfocuscorrelatesnegativelywithbarometricpressure.

TheresultshowpartialsupportforTucker’XXX,childrenfocussignificantlybetterwhenthebarometricpressureislowthantheydowhenthebXXX,XXX(Thursday)suggeststhathighbarometricpressuremightaffectsomechildrengreatlyandothersverylittle.

theresultssuggestthat,whendiagnosingADHD,practitionersshouldgivetheCPTwhenbarometricpressureisneutral.

XXXsampleatleast10differentdays.

Conclusion

概括一下resultsandthediscussion的最主要最精华的部分。因为abstract和conclusion是被最常看的部分。discussion和conclusions永远是两个不同的部分。

通常的：

1thetheory(hypothesis)

2theresults

e_ample:

Conclusion

XXX

respecttodistancefromtheircentralplaceand,toacertaine_tent,XXX.Forinstance,XXX.

References

不多说-。-

随便一种通用格式就可以了。