
期末考试试题
(考试时间: 120 分钟)
考试科目:化学专业英语
| 题 号 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 总 分 | 总评分人 |
| 分 值 | 20 | 60 | 20 | 100 | |||
| 得 分 |
1 无机化学 Inorganic chemistry 11 结晶 crystal
2 配位化学 coordination chemistry 12 室温 room temperature
3 酸 acid 13 回流 reflux
4碱 alkali 14 克 gram
5 氧气 oxygen gas 15 臭氧 ozon
6 氮气 nitrogen gas 16 摘要 summary
7 烧杯 beaker 17 结果 result
8 试管 test tube 18 蒸发 evaporation
9 酒精灯 spirit lamp 19 蒸馏 distillation
10 纯化 purification 20 甲烷 methane
二 翻译题 (共60分)
1 if you decide to go into agriculture, you will need to know about fertilizersand pesticides,as well as animal nutrition. Even if you enter some profession that seems to have no connection with chemistry, such as law, you will find a knowledge of chemistry very useful.Lawyers freguently have to deal with patents that concern chemical inventions.Some members of the U.S. Congress have had extensive chemical training,which gives them a great advantage in discussions of enviromental pollution, nuclear energy,the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration, and in other legislation that concerns scientific matters.
如果你决定进入农业,你需要知道化肥和杀虫剂,以及动物营养。即使你进入一些似乎与化学没有联系的职业,如法律,你会发现化学知识非常有用。律师经常必须处理一些有关化学发明的专利问题,。美国国会的一些成员有广泛的化学训练,这给了他们一个很大的优势在讨论环境污染、核能源、规定的食品和药物管理局,其他立法等有关科学问题上。
2 The conversion of a physical quantity from one unit to another is done with conversion factors derived from the numerical relationship between the two units.Choosing the correct conversion factor allows the cancellation of the unwanted units.Conversion factors or physical constants should include a sufficient number of significant figures so as not to affect the uncertainty of the answer.
一种物理量的转换从一个单位到另一个单位与转换因素来源于两个单元之间的数值关系。选择正确的转换因子允许取消不必要的单位。转换因素或物理常数应该包括足够数量的重要数据,以免影响不确定性的答案。
3The substances that undergo changes in a chemical reaction are called the reactants, and the new substances formed are the products. The chemical change that takes place is represented with symbols and formulas in a chemical equations.All chemical equations must be balanced-the correct coefficient must be used for each species so that all the atoms of each element in the reactants can be accounted for in the products.
这些化学反应中发生变化的物质被称为反应物,新的物质叫做生成物。化学变化的表示是化学方程式中的符号和公式。所有的化学方程式必须配平——正确的系数必须用于每个物质,从而反应物中各种元素的原子可以和生成物中相同。
4 The enthalpy change,△H, for a reaction is equal in magnitude to △H for the reverse reaction but opposite in sign. If the quantities of reactants and products in a reaction are changed. △H for that reaction changes proportionately. For any chemical reaction, △H has the same value whether the reaction takes place in one step or several steps.
一个反应中焓的变化,△H,和逆反应的△H在数值上相同但在符号上相反。如果反应物和生成物在一个反应中数量发生改变,该反应的△H也相对地(或成比例地)发生变化。对于任何化学反应, 无论反应发生在一个步骤或几个步骤,△H有相同的值。
5 A functional group is a chemically reactive atom or group of atoms that imparts characteristic properties to the family of organic compounds containing it.The site of reaction in an organic molecule is often a functional group,a multiple covalent bond, or a polar single bond. An electron-poor atom or group that will bond with an atom that has an available electron pair is called an electrophile, An electro-rich atom or group that will bond with an electron-deficient atom is called a nucleophile.
一个官能团是一个化学反应的原子或原子团,它能使包含这些原子团的一类有机化合物显示特殊的性质。有机分子发生反应的位置经常是在官能团,一个多共价键,或一个极性单键。一个缺电子的原子或原子团会键合有可用电子对的原子,被叫做亲电试剂。一个富电子的原子和原子团会键合一个缺电子的原子,叫做亲核试剂。
6 Iron exposed to the action of moist air rusts rapidly, with the formation of a loose, crumbly deposit of the oxide. The oxide does not adhere to the surface of the metal, as does aluminum oxide and certain other metal oxides, but peels off. exposing a fresh surface of iron to the action of the air. As a result, a piece of iron will rust away completely in a relatively short time unless steps are taken to prevent the corrosion.
铁暴露在潮湿空气中会很快生锈,形成一个松散的、易碎的沉淀氧化物。这种氧化物并不像氧化铝和某些其他金属氧化物粘附在金属表面, 而是脱落下去,让新的铁的表面重新暴露在空气中进行反应。结果,一块铁将在一个相对较短的时间锈烂完全,除非我们采取措施防止腐蚀。
三 英语写作题(20分).
1 将以下中文摘要整理成英文(10分)
2 叙述实验室制取氧气的实验操作方法(10分)
