它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词,有时态和语态的变化。动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。其否定形式是在doing前加上not。 动名词的用法如下:
1. 作主语
Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun.
① 动名词作主语,有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。(即覆水难收)
★
It is no use...,It is no good...,It is fun...,It is a waste of time... + doing sth.
句型中,通常用it作形式主语,而doing为真正的主语。 |
② 动名词作主语可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。
③ 不定式与动名词作主语的区别:
不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作,而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作:
Getting up early is a good habit.
To get up early this morning made me sleepy.
2. 作宾语
doing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
doing可作动词的宾语,如:They went on walking and never stopped talking.
doing也作介词的宾语,如:We are thinking of making a new plan.
⑴. 能用doing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类,一类是只能用doing形式作宾语,另一类是既可用doing形式作宾语,也可用不定式to do作宾语。
① 只能用doing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用doing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。),
I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
★必 背 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词及短语有:
admit 承认 appreciate感激,赞赏 avoid 避免 allow承认 advise 建议 consider 考虑 delay 耽搁 deny 否认 escape 避免,逃脱 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 fancy想象 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 imagine 设想 mind介意 miss 想念 practice 练习 permit 允许 risk 冒险 resist抵制 suggest 建议 stand 忍受 forgive 原谅
cannot help 情不自禁 be tired of 厌烦做某事 insist on 坚持 count on/upon 指望,依赖 set about着手做…… get down to着手做 give up 放弃 feel like 想要 lead to 导致
look forward to 期待 contribute to 捐助,贡献 devote oneself to 献身于 |
这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语,也能用不定式作宾语,但用法并不相同, 主要有以下几种情况:
☆有些动词,如continue, hate, like, love, prefer等,后面接doing形式或不定式to do区别不是很大。如:
They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
I continue to learn/learning English. 我继续学英语。
提 示应尽量避免接连出现两个以上动词-ing形式。
I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。
避免说:I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语。
go on to do★做完一件事后,接下去做另外一件事
Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.
做完练习以后,我们继续学习下一单元的单词。
go on doing★继续做同一件事。
Though it was raining heavily, they went on working,
尽管天下着大雨,他们仍然继续工作。
mean to do★想要做某事
I didn't mean to hurt you. 我并不想要伤害你。
mean doing★意味着
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。
regret to do★对即将要做的事表示遗憾,
常构成regret to say/tell/inform sb. that clause 表“很遗憾的说/告诉/通知你……”
I regret to say I must leave tomorrow. 很遗憾,我明天必须离开了。
regret doing★对所做的事感到后悔
I regret not having told her earlier.没能更早地告诉她,我很后悔。
remember to do ★表示“记得要做某事”
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时记得要锁门。
remember doing ★表示“记得做了某事”
I remember posting that letter. 我记得寄了那封信。
forget to do★忘记要做某事
She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his service. 她几乎忘记给行李搬运工付小费。
forget doing★忘记做过某事
I'll never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time.
我永远忘不了和我小学校长初次见面的情景。
stop to do★“停下来去做某事”,表停止原来做的事,开始做另一件事
While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的时候,他不时停下来和汤姆谈话。
stop doing★停止正在做的事
When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils stopped talking. 教师走进教室的时候,小学生们停止了说话。
try to do★设法做某事
I must try to get everything ready before he arrives. 在他到来之前,我必须尽力把一切都准备好。
try doing★试着做某事
Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗?
☆need, require, want作“需要”解时,后面接doing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式to be done,意义上并无差别,但用doing形式比较普通。 Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected. 你的作文需要修改。 His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 他的外套需要洗了。 The old woman requires looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 这个老大娘需要细心地照料。 |
doing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。
3. 动名词的复合结构
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
例句诵读: one’s doing结构。
★
His father’s falling ill worried him greatly.
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Tom’s coming is what we have expected.
His coming is what we have expected.
She didn’t mind Tom’s/ Tom coming here.
She didn’t mind his/ him coming here.
A quiet day's fishing,or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again,is usually as they get. |
= Peter’s not attending the meeting made it put off.
4. 作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
5. 作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途和性能。-如:
a walking stick=a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
6. 动名词的否定形式由not加doing形式构成。
His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.
他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。
动名词练习题
1) Mark often attempts to escape ____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A) shavings been fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined
2) My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime.
A) to have heard B) to hear C) for hearing D) hearing
3) The thief took away the woman's wallet without____.
A) being seen B) seeingC) him seeing D) seeing him
4) People appreciate ____wit him because he has a good sense of humor.
A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) have working
5) I've enjoyed ____ to talk with you.
A) to be able B) being able C) to been able D) of being able
6) No one can avoid ____ by advertisements.
A) to be influenced B) being influenced C) influencing D) having influence
7) They are considering ____ before the prices go up.
A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house
8) He thought that ____.
A) the effort doing the job was not worth B) the effort was not worth in doing the job
C) it was not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job
9) If I had remembered ____ the door, the things would not have been stolen.
A) to lock B) locking C) to have locked D) having locked
10) Your shirt needs ____. You'd better have it done today.
A) iron B) to iron C) ironing D) being ironed
11) You can't help ____ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A) to hear B) to be heard C) hearing D) with hearing
12) My transistor radio isn't working. It ____.
A) need repairing B) needs to repair C) needs repairing D) need to be repaired
13) It is no use ____ me not to worry.
A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told
14) He is very busy ____ his papers. He is far too busy ____ callers.
A) to write...to receive B) writing...to receiveC) writing...receiving D) to write...for receiving
15) The suspect at last admitted ____ stolen goods but denied ____ them.
A) receiving...selling B) to receive...to sell
C) to receiving...to sellingD) to have received...to have sold
16) She apologized for ____ to come.
A) her not being able B) her being not able
C) not being able D) that she's not able to
17) I really appreciate ____ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.
A) you to offer B) that you offer
C) your offering D) that you are offering
18) Please stop ____, boys, I have something important to ____ you.
A) saying ...talk B) telling ... say C) talking ...speak D) talking ... tell
19) Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty ____ his tape recorder?
A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix
20) “Why isn't Nancy going to meet us?” “It's my fault. I forgot all about ____ her.”
A) telephoning to B) to telephone
C) to telephone to D) the telephoning to
21)“Why were you late?”“I had a hard time ____ up this morning.”
A) to get B) get C) got D) getting
22) I remember ____ to help us if we ever gotsintostrouble.
A) once offering B) him once offering C) him to offer D) to offer him
23) John regretted ____ to the meeting last week.
A) not going B) not to go C) not having been going D) not to be going
24) It is difficult to get used ____ in a tent aftershavingsa soft, comfortable bed to lie on.
A) sleep B) to sleeping C) slept D) to sleep
25) He gives people the impression ____ many poems.
A) of having written B) to have written C) of being written D) to write
26) Do you feel like ____ out or would you rather ____ dinner at home?
A) going...to have B) to go...to have C) to go...having D) going...have
27) Prior to ____ the formal speech, first he will introduce himself.
A) delivering B) deliver C) being delivering D) being delivered
28) I don't mind ____ by bus, but I hate ____ in queues.
A) to travel...standing B) having traveled...standingC) traveling...to stand D) traveling...standing
29)What about ____ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go____ next week.
A) buying...to shop B) buy...shopping C) buying...shopping D) to buy...shopping
30) We had some trouble ____ the house and nobody seemed ____ where it was.
A) in finding...knowing B) finding...to knowC) to find...knowing D) to find...to know
31)We can't imagine ____ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.
A) she succeeding B) her succeeding C) she succeed D) her to succeed
32) I don't like ____ at me. A) them laughing B) their laughC) them laugh D) them to have laughed
33)We suggested ____ in hotels but the children were anxious ____ out.
A) sleeping...to camp B) sleeping...camping C) to sleep...to camp D) to sleep...camping
34)I have no objection ____ the evening with them.
A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending
35) After ____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed
36)The match was cancelled because most of the members ____ a match without a standard court.
A) objected to having B) were objected to haveC) objected to have D) were objected to having
37)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ____ for her examination. A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared
38)It is no good ____ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.
A) trying to B) to try to C) try to D) tried to
39)After ____ him better, I regretted ____ him unfairly.
A) getting to know...to judge B) getting to know...to have judged
C) getting to have know...judging D) getting to know...having judged
40)He is looking forward to ____ his holiday in Britain.
A) spend B) have spent C) spending D) having been spending
41) Before ____ the house, you should get a surveyor____ over it.
A) buying...looking B) having bought...to look C) buying...to have looked D) buying...to look
42)In some countries people favor ____ together even though there is much more space.
A) to stay B) stay C) staying D) stayed
43)“Why was Fred so upset?” “He isn't used ____ criticized.”
A) be B) to be C) to being D) having been
44) It's no use ____ to get a bargain these days.
A) to expect B) expecting C) wanting D) you expect
45)“Why were you so late for work today?”“____ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.” A) Driving B) I drove C) To drive D) That I drove
46)It was impolite of him ____without ____good-bye.
A) to leave, saying B) leaving, to say C) to leave, to say D) leaving, saying
47) He kept ____to his parents.
A) putting off to write B) to put off to write C) putting off writing D) to put off writing
48)I'll go with you after I get through with ____the house.
A) cleaning B) to cleaning C) to be cleaned D)having cleaned
49) With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldn't resist ____four pounds.
A) to take B) took C) taking D) have taken
50)How can you keep the machine ____when you are away?
A) run B) to run C) running D) being run
动名词练习题答案:
1)D 2)D 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)B 7)C 8)C 9)A 10)C 11)C 12)C 13)B 14)B 15)A 16)A 17)C 18)D 19)B 20)A 21)D 22)B 23)A 24)B 25)C 26)D 27)A 28)D 29)C 30)B 31)B 32)A 33)A 34)B 35)A 36)A 37)C 38)A 39)D 40)C 41)D 42)C 43)C 44)B 45)A 46)A 47)C 48)A 49)C 50)C