1 give的过去分词
2 adj. 3n. 4prep.
<一>adj. [放在名词前作定语]
1规定的;特定的,一定的--fixed , particular, specified:
The work must be done within the given time.工作必须在规定时间内完成。/under a given condition在特定的条件下
比较:有些过去分词如concerned, given, involved, used等既能前置(已经转变为形容词)也能后置,但意义不同。
(1)The book given to him is an English novel. (given被给的)
We met at a given time and place. (2)我们在规定的时间和地点会晤。(given规定的;特定的-- specified or stated)
The work must be done within the given time.这个工作必须在规定的时间内完成。
any/a given+名词-- any particular time, situation, amount etc that is being used as an example:
On any given day in the Houston area, half the hospital beds are empty.在休斯敦地区,医院的床位每天都有一半是空的。
The rules are to be followed in any given situation.这些规则在任何情况下部要遵守。
2[作表语]有癖好的;有倾向的(to):
be given to (doing) sth有…的癖好/倾向/习惯,常常…--(formal)
do sth often, regularly or as a habit; tend to do sth倾向于做某事,常常做某事< She's much given to outbursts of temper.她老爱发脾气. * He's given to going for long walks on his own.他习惯于独自散步走很长的路.>
be given to lying爱说谎/ be given to shyness怯生
She is given to behaving selfishly. = She is given to selfishness.
3赠送的
4已知的
given informatition已知信息
<二>n.假定的事实;已知的事实(或情况)-- something taken for granted : a basic condition or assumption; a basic fact that you accept as the truth:
The access of money to power is simply one of the givens in Washington.有钱便有权,这是华盛顿司空见惯的现象之一。
It is a given that most animals will protect their young.大部分的动物都会保护它们的幼仔,这是一个基本的事实。
take sth as a given认为某事是基本的事实,认为…理所当然--accept that sth is true and not expect it to change:
We've taken it as a given that our members are honest.我们理所当然地认为我们的成员都是诚实的。
We've taken it as a given that our public schools are no good.
take sth as given
--accept that sth is true or exists, especially when you are developing an idea or argument
The fact that people find change difficult is taken as given.
take (something) as given : to --regard or accept (something) as true or real ▪ I think we can take their support as given. = I think we can take (it) as given that they will support us[=I think we can assume that they will support us].
<三>prep. 1考虑到 2假设,假定
1 in view of;=considering考虑到:
Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业.
Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验,他们已做得不错。
given that… 连词
It was surprising that the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.
Even given that the house is not in perfect condition, it's still a great buy!
2假设,假定;如果
Given the chance[=if I had the chance; =if I were given the chance], I’ll do it again.如果有机会,我会再干一次。
Write down the sort of thing you would like to do, given the opportunity.
Given patience, successful breeding of this species can be achieved.
练习:判断下列各句中given的含义、用法
1 Many people pay off the money owed within a given time.
2 In a given situation, more than one of these methods may be used.
3 Given x=10, then x+3=13.
4Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai tomorrow.
5Given that x equals three, x plus two equals five.
6 Given (the fact) that conflict is inevitable, we need to learn how to manage it.
7 You must solve the problem using the given information.
8Given his age, he's a remarkably fast runner.
9Can we accept her interest in the job as a given?
10 He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining.
11Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
12Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.
13Daming is given to making spelling mistakes.
14Tony is given to laziness.
15The old man is given to forgetting names.
答案1adj.规定时 2adj.特定的 3prep.假定,如果 4prep.假定,如果 5prep.假定,如果 6prep.假定,如果[如果冲突是不可避免的,那么我们就要学会如何处理它。] 7adj.已知的 8prep.考虑到 9n.已知的事实10adj.有倾向的[他是个话不多的人,通常不会抱怨。] 11 prep.假定,如果[假如健康状况良好,我希望今年完成这件工作。] 12given that…conj.假定,如果 13,14,15 adj.有倾向的
1 more attention[=if the trees had been paid more attention to], the trees could have grown better.
A.Given B.To give
C.Giving D.Having given
2 time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A.Having B.Given
C.Giving D. Had
3 nough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.
A.Giving B. To give
C. Given D. Being given
4 the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (2000京皖春)
B.Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
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