Listening: You will bear some people talking about the meanings of the above gestures in different places in the world. Listen to the recording and fill in the table below with what you bear.
Number 1
Woman: You know, a “nod” moving your head up and down-means “yes” in most laces, but not everywhere. Did you know that in Greece a nod means “no”?
Man: It means “no” in Greece? I’m surprised.
Number2
Man: I didn’t know “raised eyebrows” means “yes” in Tonga. It means something very different in Peru.
Woman: Year? What does it mean there?
Man: Money. Raised eyebrows are a gesture for money in Peru.
Woman: Hmm.
Number 3
Woman: Urn, Alberto, you said that tapping your head means “I’m thinking” in Argentina.
Man: That’s right.
Woman: You’d better be careful about using that gesture here in Canada. It means someone is crazy.
Man: Oh, it means “crazy” in Canada? I didn’t know that. I’ll be careful.
Number 4
Man: You know, it’s interesting that in the Netherlands, tapping your elbow means you can’t depend on someone. In Colombia, they use the same gesture, but it has different meaning.
Woman: What does it mean in Colombia?
Man: Well, it means someone is cheap. The person doesn’t like to spend money.
Woman: Oh.
Number 5
Woman: Here’s an interesting one. You know how “circling your head” means that a person’s crazy?
Man: year.
Woman: Guess what it means in the Netherlands.
Man: The Netherlands? I have no idea.
Woman: It means someone is calling on the telephone. You know, like dialing a phone.
Man: That’s interesting.
Number 6
Man: So flicking your chin means “go away” in Italy, right?
Woman: Yes.
Man; Guess what it means in Brazil.
Woman: In Brazil? I don’t know.
Man: That’s right.
Woman: Huh?
Man: In Brazil, flicking your chin means “I don’t know.”
Woman: “I don’t know” is the meaning?
Man: Right.
Number 7
Woman: Well, everything is “thumbs up” for my trip to Nigeria. I’ve never been to Africa before. I’m really looking forward to it.
Man: Ah, you’d better be careful with that expression in Nigeria.
Woman: Huh?
Man: Thumbs up. In Nigeria, it means…um…well, it has a very bad meaning. Don’t use that gesture. It will get you into a lot of trouble.
Woman: Oh, thanks for telling me.
Number 8
Man: You said tossing your head means “come here” for Germans?
Woman: That’s right. But there are some other meanings. In India, it means “yes.” But it has the opposite meaning in Italy. In Italy it means “no”.
Man: Hmm, “yes” in India, “no” in Italy. Isn’t it interesting how the same thing can have such different meaning?
Woman: It sure is.
Task 5
Listening: You will hear some people meeting each other for the first time. They use some strategies to make a good first impression. Listen to the recording and complete the table below with what you hear.
Number 1
(Sounds of office)
Ann: You’re new here, aren’t you?
Sue: Yes, I just started this week.
Ann: I’m Ann Rogers.
Sue: I’m Sue Kelly.
Ann: It’s nice to meet you, Sue.
Sue: Nice to meet you, too.
Ann: I was just going for my coffee break. Would you like to join me, Sue? (pause)
Commentator: Ann’s strategy? Remembering names. She tries to remember the names of people she meets. Notice that she said, “It’s nice to meet you, Sue.” And “Would you like to join me, Sue?” The strategy: Try to remember people’s names by using them.
Number 2
(Sounds of jazz)
Woman: Nice music, isn’t it?
Man: Yes. I really like jazz.
Woman: So do I. Especially Winton Marsalis and Miles Davis.
Man: I like them too. (Pause)
Commentator: This strategy is to add extra information. The woman didn’t just say, “I like jazz, too.” She said the names of two musicians she likes. It’s really different to have a conversation with someone who just says “yes” or “no” or gives very short answers. Try to give extra information, especially when you’re asked a question. Don’t just say “yes” or “no.”
Number 3
(Sounds of classroom)
Tony: Have you ever taken a class with this teacher before?
Jan; No, I haven’t. But I’ve heard she’s good.
Tony: I had her for a course last year. She’s really good.
Jan: I’m glad to hear that. I’m Tony. (Pause)
Commentator: The key here is to start a conversation by finding something you and the other people have in common-something that’s the same, or that affects both of you. Here, the speakers are at school. They start by talking about the class and the teacher. At a party, you might mention the food or the music. What about other time? Anything that you and the speaker have in common-even the weather. You both already know it’s cold or hot or rainy. But people talk about the weather because it’s something they have in common. The strategy is to find something that is the same for you and the person you’re talking to.
Number 4
Man: Well, I’m a little shy. Of course I like meeting people, but it’s kind of difficult. So before I meet someone, I sometimes think about what I want to say. I’ll think of something about school or work. It depends where I am. Anyway, I usually do that before I say my name. So I guess planning what I want to say is important for me. I don’t practice or memorize it or anything…I just think about it. (Pause)
Commentator: His strategy is to think about what he wants say. By thinking about the topics, he knows what he wants to say-or at least what he wants to talk about. That makes it easier.
Task 7
Listening: You will hear someone talking about how to remember different thing. There seem to be some very effective methods we can all use. Listen to the recording and take notes of what you hear to fill in the table below.
We all have problems remembering things, but there are techniques that you can use to help you remember. Let’s take the activities that you have just done.
First of all, remembering the names and jobs of the people and where they comes from. Here, the best thing is to imagine images of the people and the names that you want to remember. For example, we have Tom the student from Australia. Well, for Tom you might imagine a tomato. Then Australia has a shape a bit like a dog. Now let’s imagine it’s a very clever dog and the dog is reading a book. So now we have a picture of Tom the student from Australia.
Now let’s take the numbers. The best thing to do here is to break the larger number up into smaller numbers and then think of things that the numbers remind you of, such as a birthday, a particular year, the number of a house. Or with a number like 747 you might think of a jumbo jet-a Boeing 747.
With the directions the best thing is to imagine you following the directions. Create a picture in your mind of yourself going down the street. Count the turnings 1,2. Then turn left. Now imagine going past a supermarket and a cinema and so on.
When you have to remember lists of words try to build them into a story. So with our words we might start with, “The sun was shining, so I went for a walk. I saw a horse wearing trousers. It was kicking some bananas over a television. The bananas landed in a bag, and so on. Again the funnier the story the better.”
Try some of these techniques and you’ll be amazed at what you can remember.
Task 8
Listening: You will hear an interview with a professor about world languages. Complete the notes below with what you hear. Write no more than five words in each blank.
(I=Interviewer; KT=Kim Thomas)
I: …so, if we could turn to the origin of language? Um, do we know when, where and how language originated?
KT: Ah, that’s a difficult question to answer; or rather the answer is no one really knows. What we do know is when language was first written down.
I: Ah hah, and that was…
KT: That was about five and a half thousand years ago, in about 3,500 BC. The Sumerians, who lived in Mesopotamia, were the first people to write down their language. They used symbols called pictographs to represent everyday objects—a bit like Egyptian hieroglyphics—and the first actual alphabet was developed around 3,500 years ago by the Phoenicians, who lived on the eastern coast of what is now Syria. Today there are around 65 alphabets in the world. Interestingly, the shortest of them, the one used in the Solomon Islands, has only 11 letters.
I: Hah, hah. And the longest?
KT: Er, the Cambodian, I think. I believe it’s got 74 letters.
I: So, how many languages are there in the world today?
KT: Some where in the region of 4,000. I don’t think we’ll ever find out the exact figure.
I: Um, and which of these are the most spoken?
KT: Well, Mandarin Chinese has about a billion speakers. English is next with about half a billion speakers and Hindi, Spanish and Russian are not too far behind. These five languages account for half of all the conversations in the world!
I: Hah, hah, hah. And is it true that Mandarin is the biggest language? I mean the one with the most number of words.
KT: Again, it’s difficult to say, but the latest thinking is that English is actually the biggest, largely due to the number of technical and scientific words it contains. There are at least a million words in English. Most native speakers only use about 10,000 words, that’s one per cent of them.
I: Hah. Only 10,000.
KT: Yeah, and can you guess which are the most common of these? The most used words in English.
I: Huh. Let me think. Um, maybe ”be”?
KT: Well, according to recent research, where tens of thousands of hours of conversation have been fed into computers and analyzed, the most common word is “the”.
I: Oh, and “be”?
KT: Well, “be”, we think, is the most used verb in English. But of course there are different forms. Er, what do you think the most common noun in spoken English is?
I: Mm, the most common noun? Erm maybe something like…er, oh, I’ve no idea. You’re going to have to tell us.
KT: Hah, hah, hah. Well, you just said it, actually. Apparently it’s “thing”.
I: Mm. Hah…OK…hah. What about the origins of words? Where does English come from?
KT: Well, modern English, which 500 years old, is mixture of mainly Romance and Germanic languages. Greek and Arabic have also provided English with many words. Er, did you know “sugar” come from Arabic? And, from other languages. From example, did you know that “coffee” comes from Turkish and that “chess”, the game, is Persian word?
I: Oh, no.
KT: Where do you think “ketchup” as in tomato ketchup, comes from?
I: Er, I’ve never really thought about it. I’ve no idea. Hah,hah,hah. America?
KT: Hah,hah,hah. It’s from the Malay language. A traditional Malaysian sauce I believe.
I: Ah.
KT: How about “shampoo”?
I: Mmm, it sounds a bit oriental to me. Maybe Japanese?
KT: It’s actually a Hindi word, from India. The list is endless.
I: Er, you mentioned India just then. Isn’t that a country with hundreds of languages?
KT: Well, I don’t know about hundreds. I think Papua New Guinea has got the most with over eight hundred and fifty separate languages, but India has got dozens of languages. The bank notes there have got thirteen languages written on them. I suppose they’re the main languages. Um, most people there speak at least two or three languages.
I: Um, talking of which… and one final question. To speak tow languages fluently is difficult enough, but have you any idea what the highest number of languages spoken by one person is?
KT: There is, or was, a Frenchman, I, er, can’t remember his name, but he spoke 31 different languages. All of them fluently!
I: Oh. On that note, Professor Thomas, we’ll say thank you very much and, er, au revoir, auf Wiedersehen, arrivaderci, or ,sayonara, adios.
Task 10
Listening: you will hear someone talking about some language problems you may encounter while in the United States. Listen to the recording and take notes of these problem.
Speaking a foreign language in a classroom is one thing, but living in society where you have to use this language on a daily basis is completely different. So here are some language problems you may encounter while in the United States.
--You might not understand the local accent right away. Regional accents vary greatly. In a group of people from all over the U.S., Americans can usually pick out who is from Boston, New York, the Midwest, or the South, just by the way they speak. Give yourself some time to get used to the local accent, and in time, you will probably find yourself speaking in the same way.
--Americans might not understand you right away. You will also have your own accent and you might use a different vocabulary. Try to speak slowly at first to make sure you are understood. Don’t be shy. Ask others to speak slowly if you have trouble understanding them.
--Americans use a lot of slang in their speech. Their language is very colorful and full of imagery and it might take some time to completely understand it.
--Humor is also an important part of American English. Some international students have a little trouble adaption to this informal style of conversation, and they also have trouble understanding whether the person they are speaking with is being serious or not. This, however should be interpreted as sign of friendliness rather than a show of disrespect.
--You might not know all the abbreviations and technical terms used in your study program or workplace. Term such as “poli sci” for political science, “forms” for dormitories, or “TA” for teaching assistant, are just a few examples of campus slang you will encounter. The abbreviation is often the first syllable of the word or, if two or more words are together, their initials. If you don’t understand a word or an abbreviation, simply ask the meaning.
You should give yourself time to adapt to the language and don’t hesitate to ask people to repeat what they have said, to speak slowly, or to explain what they mean. It would be wise to carry a dictionary with you in case of an emergency. Most importantly, don’t be afraid to make mistakes. This will all be part of your learning experience.
Task 2
Listening: You will hear a psychologist analyzing the answers to the questionnaire. Listen to the recording and fill in the chart below with what you hear.
How honest are you? This is what our psychologist says about the answers.
Question1: What would you do if you found some money? Give yourself two points for b and one point for c.
Question 2: If somebody tried to sell you a stolen video recorder, would you but it? Give yourself two points for c and one point for a.
Question 3: If your friend tried to steal something from a shop, what would you do? Two points for c and one for b.
Question 4: If you couldn’t afford your car insurance, what would you do? Give yourself two points for a and one point for c: I shouldn’t drive it except in an emergency.
Question 5: If a shop assistant gave you too much change, what would you do? Two points for c and one for b.
How did you score? Seven to nine points shows very honest person. Four to six points is OK—you are about average. Less than four points—well, you’re not very honest, are you? And if you scored ten points—you must be joking. You obviously didn’t answer this quiz honestly!
Seriously, though, for most people a lot would depend on the circumstances. For example, a lot of people would keep money that they found in the street if it wasn’t very much. But if they found a lot of money in a wallet, they would take it to the police station
And some people would buy stolen goods if they came from a shop or factory, but they wouldn’t buy them if they knew they were stolen from someone’s house..
Task 4
Listening: You will hear a conversation between two speakers. One of the speakers will tell us a story of a highway robbery. Listen to the recording and decide whether the following statements are true() or false(). Mark each corresponding box.
Emma: Chris! How was the holiday?
Chris: Don’t ask.
Emma: Why? What happened? Wasn’t it “the holiday of a lifetime”?
Chris: It was absolutely fantastic. We went everywhere— Disney world, the Epcot center, the Kennedy Space Center. The kids had a great time ,Amanda had a great time, and for once so did I…until the last day, anyway.
Emma: Why, what happened?
Chris: We got robbed! Would you believe we were robbed by highway robbers. Highway robbers in the 21st century! And they were very polite—it was like a game to them.
Emma: Highway robbers?
Chris: Yes, it was really bad luck. We’d been really careful during the holiday, and we never really felt at all uncomfortable. Everywhere we went people were very polite, and friendly, and helpful. We just relaxed and enjoyed the holiday.
Emma: And?
Chris: Well, it all happened on the way home. We were driving to the airport—I’d finally got used to driving on the wrong side of the road—when suddenly a big old car bumped into the back of us. It happened so fast—the kids were thrown back into their seats and Amanda screamed. I didn’t really know what was happening. Anyway, before I had time to do anything, he bumped me again. I was pretty angry, I can tell you. I stopped the car and so did he. I wasn’t really thinking, I just got out of the car and started calling him an idiot. That’s when I saw four big guys getting out, and one of them had a baseball bat.
Emma: Ouch!
Chris: Exactly. I thought “it looks like I’ll be needing the medical insurance after all”, but no. The guy with the bat just said “Now stay cool and you won’t get hurt. We’ll empty the trunk and be on our way”; It took me a second to realize he meant the “boot” and that he was going to rob us.
Emma: You’re joking.
Chris: I wish I was. Anyway, they told Amanda and the kids to stay in the car, not that they were going to get out, and told me to open the boot. They took everything out of it—the luggage, of course, our coats, even the spare type. They didn’t take our souvenirs and things—they were in the back with the kids. And then they put everything into their car and drove off.
Emma: So Amanda and the kids were OK?
Chris: Oh yes. We were all fine—a bit shaken up but fine. It didn’t take long for the polite to arrive. They looked after us, got us to the airport on time and so on, but it was a terrible way to end the holiday.
Task 6
Listening: You will hear three people talking about crime and safety where they live. What does each of them do? What does each of them avoid ding? Listening to the recording and take brief notes to fill in the chart below.
First, Larry
Interview: You live in the city.(Mm-hmm) Do you feel safe there?
Larry: Well, I would say that I do feel safe. But…uh…then, of course, I take precautions. I think you have to if you like live in the city. For instance, inside my apartment…uh…my front door has several locks on it. And on all the windows I have locks ,too. And that’s something maybe not everyone does, but…uh…it certainly helps keep burglars away. You would hear them if they were trying to break in…uh…with a lock on the window. Um…At the front door of the building, I don’t let anybody into the building through the front door if I don’t know them. Uh…if they’re strangers asking to be , you know ,buzzed in ,I won’t let them in..
And in my neighborhood…uh… I don’t walk alone at night. If it’s late at night, I won’t …uh…won’t walk on the streets alone, especially if it’s a really darks , quiet street. No way.
Now, Anne.
Anne: Well, let’s see, what do I do to be safe? Well, one thing I do to be safe is I always tell someone exactly where I am going, usually my roommate. So somebody knows where I am at all times.
And another thing is: When I come home late at night , I always have my keys ready at the front door, so I don’t have to stop there and look for my keys in my purse. Oh, and one more thing I do is when I am on the subway platform, I always am sure to stand near other people. I don’t like to be standing along on the subway platform.
Finally, Paul.
Paul: Let’s see, what do I do to be safe? Well, when I ride on the subway late at night, I always try to ride in the car with the conductor.
And if I am on the subway ,or even walking down the street, I never state at anyone. You know, I try and avoid making direct eye contract.
Oh, and I always try to look like I know where I’m going. And I always walk very, very quickly.
Task 8
Listening: You will hear a news program. There are four stories about different crimes. What is each story about? Listen to the recording and complete the chart below with what you hear.
Chuck: Hello, and welcome to The World’s Worst Criminals. Let’s start our program right now with a story from Nancy Daniels. Nancy?
Nancy: Thanks, Chuck.
This is an incredible story about two young thieves who were caught after robbing a camera store. They got away with some valuable equipment, but they made a big mistake. They used an instant camera to take photographs of each other at the scene of the crime. When the blank sheets came out of the camera with no pictures on them, they assumed the camera wasn’t working correctly. They threw the prints away before they started to develop. The police found the photographs, recognized the two men, and arrested them the next days!
Chuck: Hmm. Not the brightest bulbs in the pack. All right, our next story comes to us from Kevin Nichols. Kevin, what do you have for us?
Nancy: Well, Chuck, this is a story about a burglar who was caught by a rabbit.
Chuck: All…all…all right, stop right there, Kevin. Did you say…a rabbit?
Nancy: Indeed, Chuck. A rabbit name Mopsy, Who was the pet of the Jenkins family. Mopsy, a rabbit with the ability to thump its foot very loudly, interrupted a burglary at its owners’ home by waking everybody up. Robert Jenkins, his wife, Anne, and their three children were asleep at home when they heard a noise at 3 a.m. The rabbit thumped so loudly that it woke the Jenkins family just in time to see a man and a woman leaving the scene of the crime on stolen mountain bikes, Police later arrested the couple.
Chuck: That is quite a pet! Nancy, I understand you have another story for us.
Nancy: Yes, I do, Chuck. This one’s about a robber who felt especially guilty about the crime he’d committed.
A robber walked into a bank, put a bag on the counter, and ordered the teller:”Fill it up—I have a gun. ” The teller put all her loose cash in the bag, and when the robber demanded more, she got bundles of bills from other tellers. Eventually, the robber told her, ”That’s enough ” and walked out with about five thousand dollars. A few minutes later, he reappeared, put the money back on the counter, and apologized to the astonished bank teller. He said:”I’m sorry. I didn’t really mean to rub you. I shouldn’t have done it.” And then he waited for the police to arrive!
Chuck: That is truly amazing! Kevin, what else do you have for us?
Kevin: This is a crime that many people may actually appreciate, Chuck. Recently, there have been several mysterious break-ins, but the burglars
Haven’t been caught. Apparently , they break into people’s homes when they’re on vacation, but the only thing they steal is food . Then the criminals proceed to redecorate the homes! When the owners return, they find their homes freshly painted and cleaned, but with the cupboards and refrigerator empty. The police are baffled. They believe that although only three cases have been reported, there may be many more victims.
Chuck: “Victims”, are they? Those victims are probably happy about having their homes redecorated for free.
Kevin: Those burglars can come to my home anytime---I won’t tell the (Ha—ha--ha) police. I would love a decorating job for free, and there’s nothing in my refrigerator…