2014年12月英语六级真题及答案解析(第三套)

Part I

Part II

Part III

Part IV

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long

conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked

about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.

After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four

choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the

corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

1.A. The man’s tennis racket is good enough.

B. The man should get a pair of new shoes.

C. She can wait for the man for a little while.

D. Physical exercise helps her stay in shape.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。对话中男士说下次打球之前，他要去买一副新的网球拍。女士说

男士的鞋也不是很好。由此可知，女士认为男士应该买一双新鞋。

2.A. The woman will skip Dr Smith’s lecture to help the man.

B. Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr Smith.

C. The woman is good at doing lab demonstrations.

D. The man will do all he can to assist the woman.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。对话中男士说他希望女士能帮助（assist）他做实验室演示，但

是他知道女士要去听史密斯博士的讲座，女士说她让凯¬西帮忙记笔记了。由此可知，女士为了

帮助男士将逃史密斯博士的讲座。

3.A. The woman asked the man to accompany her to the party.

B. Steve became rich soon after graduation from college.

C. Steve invited his classmates to visit his big cottage.

D. The speakers and Steve used to be classmates.

正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。对话中女士说史蒂夫邀请她参加星期日晚上的聚会，并问男士是

否收到邀请。男士说史蒂夫打电话告诉了他，接着说史蒂夫想所有的老同学都来参加重聚联欢

会。由此可知，女士和男士都是史蒂夫的老同学。D)中的 used to be classmates 是对对话中

old classmates 的同义转述。

4.A. In a bus.

C. In a boat.B. In a clinic.

D. In a plane.

Listening Comprehension Reading Comprehension Translation

Writing正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。对话中女士说她有点晕船（seasick），并感到头晕，男士建议她闭上眼睛放松放松，并说一到岸女士就会好起来的。由此可知，对话最有可能发生在船上。

5.A. 10:10. B. 9:50. C. 9:40. D. 9:10.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。对话中女士说根据时刻表他们要乘坐的火车在 20 分钟前就该到站，但现在已经¬是九点半了，男士说没有必要紧张，广播说火车要晚点 40 分钟。由此可知，火车到站的时间应该为 9:50。本题需要听清各个时间点，并迅速做好数算。

6.A. She does not like John at all.

B. John has got many admirers.

C. She does not think John is handsome.

D. John has just got a bachelor’s degree.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。对话中男士说约翰长得帅又有钱，并说约翰（现在）还是个单身汉，女士说约翰在很多女孩子眼中臭名昭著，她一听到约翰的名字就厌烦。由此可知，女士不

喜欢约翰。

7.A. He has been bumping along for hours.

B. He has got a sharp pain in the neck.

C. He is involved in a serious accident.

D. He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam.

正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。对话中男士说汽车已经¬一辆紧跟一辆地排着队，他已经¬在高速

公路上堵了整整一个小时了。女士说这状况肯定让人讨厌极了，让男士有耐心，毕竟他除了等

待什么也做不了。由此可知，男士应该是堵在高速公路上了。

8.A. She is good at repairing things.

B. She is a professional mechanic.

C. She should improve her physical condition.

D. She cannot go without a washing machine.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。对话中女士对昨天看到玛丽在用男士想要丢弃的洗衣机感到很吃惊，男士说那个洗衣机很旧很破，并说玛丽使它运转起来使他非常惊奇。由此可知，玛丽擅长

修理东西。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9.A. Some witnesses failed to appear in court.

B. The case caused debate among the public.

C. The accused was found guilty of stealing.

D. The accused refused to plead guilty in court.

正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。对话开头男士（法官）就说最近的一起案件是一名男子被指控入

室盗窃且罪名成立。

10.A. He was out of his mind.B. He was unemployed.

C. His wife deserted him.

D. His children were sick.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。对话中女士问，他（那名被告）为什么要那么做。男士回答说被告盗窃是为了养家糊口，他已经¬失业一段时间了。由此可知，那名被告因为失业而无法养家糊口，所以才铤而走险。

11.A. He had been in jail before.

B. He was unworthy of sympathy.

C. He was unlikely to get employed.

D. He had committed the same sort of crime.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。对话中女士说，当一个人显然处于困境时，把他关进监狱又有什么好处呢。男士回答说，这个家伙有点特别，以前坐过牢。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12.A. Irresponsible.

C. Aggressive.B. Unsatisfactory.

D. Conservative.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。对话中男士提到，他们对目前的广告代理商不是很满意，所以他们想要换一家代理商。

13.A. Internal communication.

B. Distribution of brochures.

C. Public relations.

D. Product design.

正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。对话中女士问到，她的工作内容包括什么。男士回答说，所有的广告业务都要向他汇报，公共关系方面（public relations）要向格兰特先生汇报。

14.A. Placing advertisements in the trade press.

B. Drawing sketches for advertisements.

C. Advertising in the national press.

D. Making television commercials.

正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。对话中女士说，她最近做了很多关于电视广告方面的工作，她对这方面非常感兴趣，由此可知，女士最感兴趣的是做电视广告。

15.A. She has the motivation to do the job.

B. She knows the tricks of advertising.

C. She is not so easy to get along with.

D. She is not suitable for the position.

正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。对话末尾男士说他真的觉得女士不适合这份工作。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.A. The cozy communal life.

B. The cultural diversity.

C. Innovative academic programs.

D. Impressive school buildings.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。短文中提到，很少有外国的大学像美国大学这样重视营造舒适的、具有美国校园特色的集体生活。由此可知，说话者说的美国大学校园的特点就是舒适的集体生活。

17.A. It is very beneficial to their academic progress.

B. It helps them soak up the surrounding culture.

C. It is as important as their learning experience.

D. It ensures their physical and mental health.

正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。短文中布朗大学的校长瓦坦•格利高里提到，在美国，人们认为学生的日常生活和学习经¬历同样重要。

18.A. It offers the most challenging academic programs.

B. It has the world’s best-known military academies.

C. It provides numerous options for students.

D. It draws faculty from all around the world.

正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。短文中提到，美国可供选择的清单……是无与伦比的。由此可知，在说话者看来美国能够为学生提供多种选择，这使得它无与伦比。

19.A. They try to give students opportunities for experimentation.

B. They are responsible merely to their Ministry of Education.

C. They strive to develop every student’s academic potential.

D. They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention.

正确答案：本题解析：BB)。短文中提到，在欧洲和日本，大学只对教育部负责（are answerable only to a ministry of education）。

Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20.A. It will arrive at Boulogne at half past two.

B. It crosses the English Channel twice a day.

C. It is now about half way to the French coast.

D. It is leaving Folkestone in about five minutes.

正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。短文中提到，我们预计在 5 分钟后离开福克斯通。由此可知，海联渡船大约 5 分钟之后离开福克斯通。

21.A. Opposite the ship’s office.

B. Next to the duty-free shop.

C. At the rear of B deck.

D. In the front of A deck.

正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。短文中提到，小吃店提供三明治、各种冷热饮，位于 A 甲板的前部（situated in the front of A deck）。

22.A. It is for the sole use of passengers travelling with cars.

B. It is much more spacious than the lounge on C deck.

C. It is for the use of passengers travelling with children.

D. It is for senior passengers and people with VIP cards.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。短文中提到，乘客们被提醒 B 甲板上的休息室仅供带车上船的乘客使用(for the sole use of passengers travelling with cars)。

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23.A. It was named after its location.

B. It was named after its discoverer.

C. It was named after a cave art expert.

D. It was named after one of its painters.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。短文中提到，肖维岩洞是为了纪念其发现者而被命名的（the cave is now called in honor of its discoverer）。

24.A. Animal painting was part of the spiritual life of the time.

B. Deer were worshiped by the ancient Cro-Magnon people.

C. Cro-Magnon people painted animals they hunted and ate.

D. They were believed to keep evils away from cave dwellers.

正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。短文中提到，旧式理论认为克罗马农人把他们捕猎和食用的动物画了下来，而这个洞穴里的绘画¬反驳了这一理论。

25.A. They know little about why the paintings were created.B. They have difficulty telling when the paintings were done.

C. They are unable to draw such interesting and fine paintings.

D. They have misinterpreted the meaning of the cave paintings.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。短文中提到，关于冰河时代的艺术家们为什么创作这些有趣而细

致的绘画¬，科学家们乐意承认他们对此还知之甚少。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

If you are attending a local college, especially one without residence halls, you’ll probably live at home and commute to classes. This arrangement has a lot of 26. _________. It’s cheaper. It provides a comfortable and familiar setting, and it means you’ll get the kind of home cooking you’re used to instead of

the monotony (单调) that 27. _________ even the best institutional food.

However, commuting students need to 28. _________ to become involved in the life of their college and to take special steps to meet their fellow students. Often, this means a certain amount of initiative on your part in 29. _________ and talking to people in your classes whom you think you might like.

One problem that commuting students sometimes face is their parents ’unwillingness to recognize that they’re adults. The 30. _________ from high school to college is a big one, and if you live at home you need to develop the same kind of independence you’d have if you were living away. Home rules that might have been

31. _________ when you were in high school don’t apply. If your parents are 32.

_________ to renegotiate, you can speed the process along by letting your behavior show that you have the responsibility that goes with maturity. Parents are more

willing to 33. _________ their children as adults when they behave like adults. If, however, there’s so much friction at home that it 34. _________ your academic wor k, you might want to consider sharing an apartment with one or more friends. Sometimes this is a happy solution when family 35. _________ make everyone miserable.

26.____正确答案：advantages 本题解析：空前的 a lot of 提示，本空很可能填可数名词

复数。如果是名词复数，注意不要漏写-s 或-es。advantage 意为“好处，优点”。

27.____正确答案：characterizes/-ises 本题解析：分析句子结构可知，that 引导的定语

从句修饰 monotony，且该从句缺少谓语，故本空应填动词。monotony 为不可数名词，故所

填动词应为第三人称单数。characterize/-ise 意为“以……为特征，以……为典型”。

28.____正确答案：go out of their way 本题解析：空前的 need to 提示，本空应填动词

原¬形或动词短语。go out of one’s way to do sth 意为“特别努力地做某事”。

29.____正确答案：seeking out 本题解析：空前的介词 in 和空后 and talking 提示，本

空应填动名词或动名词短语。seek out 意为“找出，找到”。

30.____正确答案：transition 本题解析：空前的定冠词 the 和空后的介词 from 提示，本

空应填名词。transition 意为“过渡；转变”。

31.____正确答案：appropriate 本题解析：that… school 为定语从句，修饰 home rules。might have been 提示，从句谓语不完整，故本空可能填形容词，作表语。appropriate 意

为“适宜的”。

32.____正确答案：reluctant 本题解析：空前的 are 和空后的 to 提示，本空很可能填形容

词，且能与前后构成搭配。reluctant 意为“不情愿的”。

33.____正确答案：acknowledge 本题解析：空前的动词不定式小品词 to 提示，本空应填

动词原¬形或动词短语。acknowledge 意为“承认”。

34.____正确答案：interferes with 本题解析：分析句子结构可知，本空所在句缺谓语，

且根据前后的时态可知这里的动词应该用单数第三人称形式。interfere with 意为“影响，

妨碍¬”。

35.____正确答案：tensions 本题解析：when 引导的时间状语从句的主语不完整提示，本

空应填名词。make 提示，所填名词应为复数。tension 意为“紧张状态，紧张局势”。

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required

to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter

for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not

use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

It was 10 years ago, on a warm July night, that a newborn lamb took

her first breath in a small shed in Scotland. From the outside, she looked

no different from thousands of other sheep born on

as the world soon came to realize, was no

a single cell of an adult female sheep, 38

37 36 farms. But Dolly, lamb. She was cloned from long-held scientific dogma that had declared such a thing biologically impossible.

A decade later, scientists are starting to come to grips with just how

different Dolly was. Dozens of animals have been cloned since that first lamb

— mice, cats, cows, and, most recently, a dog — and it’s becoming

clear that they are all, in one way or another, defective.

It’s 40 to think of clones as perfect carbon copies of the original.

41 . That 39 It turns out, though, that there are various degrees of genetic

may come as a shock to people who have paid thousands of dollars to clone

a pet cat only to discover that the baby cat looks and behaves

42 like 43

their beloved pet — with a different-color coat of fur, perhaps, or a

different attitude toward its human hosts.

And these are just the obvious differences. Not only are clones

44 from the original template (模板) by time, but they are also the product of an unnatural molecular mechanism that turns out not to be very

good at making 45 copies. In fact, the process can embed small flaws in

the genes of clones that scientists are only now discovering.

A. abstract

B. completely

C. deserted

D. duplication

E. everything

F. identical

G. increasingly

H. miniature

I. nothing

J. ordinary

K. overturning

L. separated

M. surrounding

N. systematically

O. tempting

36.正确答案： 本题解析：MM)。空前的介词 on 和空后的名词 farms 提示，本空应填形容词， 修饰 farms 。这里将 a newborn lamb 与 thousands of other sheep 作对比，新出生的小羊 诞生在一个小窝棚里（in a small shed ），所以 on 36 farms 与 in a small shed 形成对 照。本空所在句说明，从外表上看，这只小羊与农场上诞生的其他成千上万只羊没有什么区 别，故答案为 M) surrounding （附近的；四周的）。

37.正确答案： 本题解析： 空前的 no 和空后的 lamb 提示，JJ)。本空应填形容词，修饰 lamb 。 注意本句与上一句的转折关系，上一句指出，多莉在外表上与其他羊没有什么区别（no

有J) ordinary（普通的，平常的）符合语义。no ordinary 与no different 形成对比关系，呼应了but 的转折衔接。因此，本题答案为J) ordinary。

38.正确答案：K 本题解析：K)。空前是一个完整的句子，空后则是一个由that 引导的定语从句修饰的名词短语。可见，空所在处是分词短语，作状语，本空应填现在分词，逻辑

¬宾语为long-held scientific dogma。剩余选项中锁定K) overturning 与O) tempting。很显然she was cloned from a single cell of an adult female sheep（它是从一头成

年母羊的单个细胞中克隆出来的）这一事实推翻¬了such a thing biologically impossible （这种事在生物学上不可能）这种教条看法，所以选K) overturning（推翻决定/裁决等）。

39.正确答案：G 本题解析：G)。句子主干完整且本空位于形容词clear 之前提示，本空应填副词。空前的it 指代的是that 从句内容，即they are all, in one way or another, defective。从上文可知，“所有的克隆动物都在某种方面是有缺陷的”这一点科学家们一

开始并不明白，从后两段内容又可知科学家们也是逐渐才意识到“所有的克隆动物都在某种

方面是有缺陷的”，所以本题答案应为G) increasingly（日益，越来越多地），说明“所

有的克隆动物都在某种方面是有缺陷的”这一事实越来越清晰。

40.正确答案：O 本题解析：O)。空前的is 和形式主语it 提示，本空应填形容词，说明“克隆就是原¬个体的完美复制品” 这一观点…¬…¬。从后文的转折句It turns out, though…可知，事实上基因复制的程度各异，后面对克隆猫的举例也说明克隆出来的动物与原¬个体

并不相同，由此可见“克隆就是原¬个体的完美复制品” 这一观点虽然诱人，但与事实不符。所以，本题答案为O) tempting（诱人的，吸引人的）。

41.正确答案：D 本题解析：【解析】D)。空前的of genetic 提示，本空应填名词。本句与上一句之间的衔接词though 提示本句表达的是与上一句中“认为克隆体就是原¬个体的完美复制品”相反的事实。所填词同义替换clone，又与carbon copies 同义，说明基因复制有不同的程度，并不都是原¬个体的完美复制。因此，本题答案为D) duplication（复制）。

42.正确答案：I 本题解析：I)。本空所在的that 引导的宾语从句句子结构与语义均完整，

因此空处可能缺少一个影响语义的副词。很多人不惜花费成千上万的美元克隆自己的宠物

猫，他们显然是希望克隆猫会与自己的爱宠完全一样，可结果却完全不同：皮毛的颜色不同，对待主人的态度也与自己的爱宠完全不一样。different-color coat of fur 与different

attitude toward its human hosts 分别说明克隆猫的长相（对应空前的looks）和行为（对应空前的behaves）都和自己的爱宠完全不同，可见空所填词需要表达出“不同（different）”

之义。因此，本题答案为I) nothing。nothing like sb/sth 意为“一点都不像某人/某物”。

43.正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。空所在句结构完整，同时空后的different 提示，本空应

填副词修饰different。剩余的副词选项中只有B)符合此处语义，说明different 程度之深。

所以，本题答案为B) completely（完全地，全部地，彻底地）。

44.正确答案：L 本题解析：L)。本句中缺少谓语以及空前的are 提示，所填词为过去分词，

同时该词应能与from 搭配。符合上述条件的选项只有L) separated，填入句子后意思是“克隆

动物不仅要有时间与其原¬个体分离”。因此，本题的答案为L) separated（把…¬…¬隔开；

使分离）。

45.正确答案：F 本题解析：F)。空前的making 和空后的copies 提示，本空应填形容词。

文章后两段着重讲述克隆技术所存在的缺陷，本空所在句they are also the product of… that turns out not to be very good at making 45 copies 与41 空所在句It turns out, though, that there are various degrees of genetic 41 .遥相呼应，说明并不能克隆出与原¬个体完

全相同的复制品，所以45 copies 与41 题处的duplication 同义，故本题答案为F) identical （完全相同的；非常相似的）。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.

Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a

paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the

questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

High School Sports Aren’t Killing Academics

[A]In this month’ Atlantic cover article, “ Case Against High-School Sports,”sThe

Amanda Ripley argues that school-sponsored sports programs should be seriously

cut. She writes that, unlike most countries that outperform the United States

on international assessments, American schools put too much of an emphasis on

athletics. “Sports are embedded in American schools in a way they are not almost

anywhere else,” she writes. “Yet this difference hardly ever comes up in

domestic debates about America’s internat ional mediocrity (平庸) in

education.”[B] American student-athletes reap many benefits from participating in sports, but

the costs to the schools could outweigh their benefits, she argues. In particular,

Ripley contends that sports crowd out the academic missions of schools: America

should learn from South Korea and Finland and every other country at the top

level of international test scores, all of whom emphasize athletics far less

in school. “Even in eighth grade, American kids spend more than twice the time

Korean kids spend playing sports,” she writes, citing a 2010 study published

in the Journal of Advanced Academics.

[C] It might well be true that sports are far more rooted in American high schools

than in other countries. But our reading of international test scores finds no

support for the argument against school athletics. Indeed, our own research and

that of others lead us to make the opposite case. School-sponsored sports appear

to provide benefits that seem to increase, not detract (减少) from, academic

success.

[D] Ripley indulges a popular obsession (痴迷) with international test score

comparisons, which show wide and frightening gaps between the United States and

other countries. She ignores, however, the fact that states vary at least as much

in test scores as do developed countries. A 2011 report from Harvard University

shows that Massachusetts produces math scores comparable to South Korea and Finland, while Mississippi scores are closer to Trinidad and Tobago. Ripley’s thesis about

sports falls apart in light of this fact. Schools in Massachusetts provide sports

programs while schools in Finland do not. Schools in Mississippi may love football

while in Tobago interscholastic sports are nowhere near as prominent. Sports cannot

explain these simila rities in performance. They can’t explain international

differences either.

[E] If it is true that sports undermine the academic mission of American schools,

we would expect to see a negative relationship between the commitment to athletics and academic ac hievement. However, the University of Arkansas’s Daniel Bowen

and Jay Greene actually find the opposite. They examine this relationship by

analyzing schools’ sports winning percentages as well as student-athletic

participation rates compared to graduation rates and standardized test score

achievement over a five-year period for all public high schools in Ohio.

Controlling for student poverty levels, demographics (人口统计状况), and

district financial resources, both measures of a school’ commitment to athleticssare significantly and positively related to lower dropout rates as higher test

scores.

[F] On-the-field success and high participation in sports is not random — it

requires focus and dedication to athletics. One might think this would lead

schools obsesse d with winning to deemphasize academics. Bowen and Greene’s results contradict that argument. A likely explanation for this

seemingly counterintuitive (与直觉相反的) result is that success in sports

programs actually facilitates or reflects greater social capital within a

school’s community.

[G] Ripley cites the writings of renowned sociologist James Coleman, whose research

in education was groundbreaking. Coleman in his early work held athletics in

contempt, arguing that they crowded out schools’ academic missio ns. Ripley

quotes his 1961 study, The Adolescent Society, where Coleman writes,

“Altogether, the trophy (奖品) case would suggest to the innocent visitor that

he was entering an athletic club, not an educational institution.”

[H] However, in later research Coleman would show how the success of schools is highly

dependent on what he termed social capital, “the norms, the social networks,

and the relationships between adults and children that are of value for the

child’s growing up.”

[I]According to a 2013 evaluation conducted by the Crime Lab at the University

of Chicago, a program called Becoming a Man — Sports Edition creates lasting

improvements in the boys’ study habits and grade point averages. During the

first year of the program, students were found to be less likely to transfer

schools or be engaged in violent crime. A year after the program, participants

were less likely to have had an encounter with the juvenile justice system.

[J]If school-sponsored sports were completely eliminated tomorrow, many American students would still have opportunities to participate in organized athletics

elsewhere, much like they do in countries such as Finland, Germany, and South

Korea. The same is not certain when it comes to students from more disadvantaged backgrounds. In an overview of the research on non-school based after-school

programs, researchers find that disadvantaged children participate in these

programs at significantly lower rates. They find that low-income students have

less access due to challenges with regard to transportation, non-nominal fees,

and off-campus safety. Therefore, reducing or eliminating these opportunities

would most likely deprive disadvantaged students of the benefits from athletic

participation, not least of which is the opportunity to interact with positive

role models outside of regular school hours.

[K] Another unfounded criticism that Ripley makes is bringing up the stereotype that athletic coaches are typically lousy(蹩脚的) classroom teachers. “American

principals, unlike the vast majority of principals around the world, make many

hiring decisions with their sports teams in mind, which does not always end well

for students,” she writes. Educators who seek employment at schools primarily for the purpose of coaching are likely to shirk (推卸) teaching responsibilities, the

argument goes. Moreover, even in the cases where the employee is a teacher first and athletic coach second, the additional responsibilities that come with coaching likely come at the expense of time otherwise spent on planning, grading, and

communicating with parents and guardians.

[L] The data, however, do not seem to confirm this stereotype. In the most rigorous study on the classroom results of high school coaches, the University of Arkansas’s Anna Egalite finds that athletic coaches in Florida mostly tend to perform just

as well as their non-coaching counterparts, with respect to raising student test

scores. We do not doubt that teachers who also coach face serious tradeoffs that likely come at the expense of time they could dedicate to their academic obligations.

However, as with sporting events, athletic coaches gain additional opportunities

for communicating and serving as mentors (导师) that potentially help students

succeed and make up for the costs of coaching commitments.

[M] If schools allow student-athletes to regularly miss out on instructional time for the sake of traveling to athletic competitions, that’s bad. However, such

issues would be better addressed by changing school and state policies with

regard to the scheduling of sporting events as opposed to total elimination.

If the empirical evidence points to anything, it points towards school-sponsored

sports providing assets that are well worth the costs.

[N] Despite negative stereotypes about sports culture and Ripley’s presumption that academics and athletics are at odds with one another, we believe that the greater body of evidence shows that school-sponsored sports programs appear to benefit students. Successes on the playing field can carry over to the classroom and vice

versa (反之亦然). More importantly, finding ways to increase schoolcommunities’ social capital is imperative to the success of the school as a

whole, not just the athletes.

46.正确答案：J 本题解析：[J]。[J]段第4 句中的low-income students 对应前一句中的disadvantaged children；have less access 后面省略了to participate in these programs，再结合第 3 句的内容可知，these programs 指的就是non-school based after-school programs。由此可见，[J]段第4 句意在表达来自低收入家庭的学生参与校外体育项目的机

会较小。本题是对该句的同义转述，其中的off-campus sports programs 对应文中的

non-school based after-school programs。

47.正确答案：B 本题解析：[B]。[B]段第2 句冒号后的内容提到，（阿曼达•里普利提出）

美国应该向韩国、芬兰以及其他在国际测试中分数名列前茅的国家学习，这些国家远没有美

国那样重视学校体育活动。由此可见，阿曼达•里普利认为美国应该向其他在国际测试中名

列前茅的国家学习，减少对体育运动的重视。本题是对该句的同义转述，其中的rank high

对应文中的at the top level。

48.正确答案：D 本题解析：[D]。[D]段第2 句提到，阿曼达•里普利忽略了一点，那就是美国各州在考试分数上的差异并不比发达国家之间的差异小。由此可见，作者认为阿曼达•里

普利没注意到各州学生考试成绩的差异。本题是对该句的同义转述，其中的fails to note

对应文中的ignores；students’ performance in exams 对应test scores；varies from state to state 对应states vary。

49.正确答案：K 本题解析：[K]。[K]段第1 句提到，里普利对体育教练存在成见，认为他

们通常都是蹩脚的课堂老师，即他们的课堂教学能力都很薄弱。本题是对该句的同义转述，

其中的are poor at classroom instruction 对应文中的are… lousy classroom teachers。50.正确答案：H 本题解析：[H]。[H]段第1 句提到，科尔曼后期的研究所显示的是学校的

成就是如何在很大程度上取决于他所谓的社会资本。由此可见，科尔曼后期的研究讨论了学

校的社会资本。本题是对该句的同义转述。

51.正确答案：E 本题解析：[E]。[E]段第1 句提出假设：如果…¬…¬那么对体育活动的投

入就应当与学业成绩之间存在消极关系。第 2 句否定了这一假设，指出丹尼尔•鲍恩和杰伊•

格林得出的结论恰恰相反，即学校对体育运动的投入与学业成就之间存在积极关系。最后一句进一步说明这种积极关系体现在降低辍学率和提高学业成绩这两个方面。本题是对文中这

几处信息的概括。

52.正确答案：L 本题解析：[L]。[L]段第2 句提到，在一项最为严谨的…¬…¬研究中，阿

肯色大学的安娜•爱嘉利特发现，佛罗里达州的体育教练在提高学生考试成绩方面的表现大

多与其他不是教练的教师一样好。本题是对该句的同义转述，其中的also do well 对应文

中的perform just as well as。

53.正确答案：I 本题解析：[I]。[I]段第1 句提到，芝加哥大学犯罪实验室所进行的一项

评估显示，一个名为“成为一个男人——体育版”的项目给男孩的学习习惯和平均考试成绩

带来了持久的改善，由此可见，体育项目对学生的学业表现很有帮助；接着下文又说，这个

项目还减少了学生参与暴力犯罪的几率。由此可见，体育项目还对学生的性格发展有帮助。

本题是对该段信息的概括。

54.正确答案：A 本题解析：[A]。[A]段最后一句提到，她（即阿曼达•里普利）在书中写道，我们在讨论美国教育在国际上的平庸表现时却从未提及这种差别，其中的this difference

指上一句提到的体育被植根于美国学校之中（sports are embedded in American schools），综合这两句可知，阿曼达•里普利认为在讨论美国教育在国际上的平庸表现时应当提及学校

对体育的重视。本题是对文中信息的概括，其中的the emphasis on school sports 对应文

中的sports are embedded in American schools。

55.正确答案：G 本题解析：[G]。[G]段第2 句提到，科尔曼在早期的研究中蔑视体育活动，接着第3 句具体说明他是如何蔑视体育活动的：奖杯¬陈列柜会让不了解情况的参观者以为

自己走进了体育俱乐部，而不是教育机构，也就是说，太多的校内体育活动会破坏学校的形

象。本题是对该段这两处信息的概括。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession,

but there is a less conspicuous kind of social upheaval (剧变) underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is

the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history,

more than half the world’s population was living in t owns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate

in the decades to come — with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially

on climate change.

As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to accommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.

Humans are the ultimate invasive species — when they move into new territory, they often displace the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared

for those new cities — especially in the dense tropical forests — carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land,

which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase

in income — and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing

— but it does carry an environmental price.

The urbanization wave can’t be stopped —and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impact on the environment. “There’s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing that’s clear is that we can’t build cities the

way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won’

t allow that.” We’re headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether

it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.56.What issue does the author try to draw people’s attention to?

A. The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.

B. The rapid increase of world population.

C. The ongoing global economic recession.

D. The impact of accelerating urbanization.

正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。第1 段第1、2 句提到，我们忽略了一项社会巨变，即快速的城市化进程。第 1 段最后一句又提到，在接下来的几十年中，城市化进程将继续加速，并给生物多样性和气候变化带来潜在的巨大影响。由此可知，作者希望引发大众对“快速的城市

化进程的影响”这一议题的关注。D)是对原¬文中the rapid acceleration of urbanization 和impact on 的同义转述。

57.In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?

A. They are much greedier than other species.

B. They are a unique species born to conquer.

C. They force other species out of their territories.

D. They have an urge to expand their living space.

正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。第3 段第 1 句提到，人类是最具有侵入性的物种，当搬迁到一个新的领地之后，他们通常会驱逐并替代在此生存的生物。C)中的force other species out of their territories 是对文中displace the wildlife that was already living there

的同义转述。

58.In what way is urbanization in poor countries good for the environment?

A. More land will be preserved for wildlife.

B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened.

C. Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.

D. Natural resources will be used more effectively.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。第3 段第 3 句提到，随着发展中国家的居民从农村搬到城市，土地的压力会减少，相应地会对环境有益。接着第 4 句提到，对于一些极度贫困的国家更是如此，因为那里的村民依然刀耕火种，也就是说，这些极度贫困国家的农村居民搬到城市也

能够减轻对土地的压力，相应地会对环境有益，故答案为B)。

59.What does the author say about living comfortably in the city?

A. It incurs a high environmental price.

B. It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.

C. It causes a big change in people’s lifestyle.

D. It narrows the gap between city and country.正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。第3 段最后一句提到，能够衣食无忧地享受城市生活的安全与舒适当然是件好事，但不可避免的是要付出牺牲环境的代价，A)中的incurs a high environmental price 是对该句中carry an environmental price 的同义转述。

60.What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto?

A. Slowing down the speed of transition.

B. Innovative use of advanced technology.

C. Appropriate management of the process.

D. Enhancing people’s sense of responsibility.

正确答案：C 本题解析：C)。最后一段第 2 句提到，塞托强调管理城市化进程的重要性，下

一句表示合理管理城市化进程能够减少城市化给环境带来的危害，C)是对文中managing

that transition 和do it the right way 的同义转述。

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

When Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched the.com in Feb. 2004, even he could not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. , which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.

To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network.

They are not bound — as were previous generations of humans — by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. During my childhood,

all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from your parents, teachers, preachers, and friends.

With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today’s

children are rising above the fears and biases of their parents. Adults are also participating in this revolution. India’s normally tame middle class is speaking

up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women

to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for

elections and political causes. All of this is being done with social media

technologies that and its competitors set free.

As does every advancing technology, social media has created many new problems.

It is commonly addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used

by extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And

it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may leave our lights on

in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail (敲诈) us.

Governments don’t need informers any more. Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens. We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on ; we share our political views, social preferences, and plans.

We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency or criminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them.

The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers.

Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change. The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way

to uplift itself.

61.What was the purpose of when it was first created?

A. To help students connect with the outside world.

B. To bring university students into closer contact.

C. To help students learn to live in a connected era.

D. To combine the world into an integral whole.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。第1 段第1、2 句提到，当哈佛学生马克•扎克伯格在2004 年2月成立脸谱网的时候，他是为了连接所有的大学生。B)是对原¬文中to connect college students 的同义转述。

62.What difference does social media make to learning?

A. Local knowledge and global knowledge will merge.

B. Students will become more curious and ambitious.

C. People are able to learn wherever they travel.

D. Sources of information are greatly expanded.正确答案：D 本题解析：D)。第3 段最后一句提到，所有的这一切都通过脸谱和它的竞争者们提供的社交媒体技术完成了传播，可知上文列举的来自世界各地的信息都是通过社交媒体获得的，也就是说社交媒体拓宽了信息的来源，故答案为D)。

63. What is the author’s greatest concern with social media technology?

A. Individuals and organizations may use it for evil purposes.

B. Government will find it hard to protect classified information.

C. People may disclose their friend s’ information unintentionally.

D. People’s attention will be easily distracted from their work in hand.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。第4 段第 1 句提到，社交媒体带来了许多新问题，接下来举了极端分子对新成员进行、信息泄露导致敲诈等例子；5 段第 2 句又提到社交媒体让政第府机构拥有了监视自己公民的新工具。综合来看，个人和组织利用社交媒体为目的服务

是作者对社交媒体最大的顾虑，故答案为A)。

.What do businesses use social media for?

A. Creating a good corporate image.

B. Anticipating the needs of customers.

C. Conducting large-scale market surveys.

D. Minimizing possible risks and dangers.

正确答案：B 本题解析：B)。第6 段举了亚马逊和谷歌的例子，前者尝试预测消费者的订单，后者通过我们的社交媒体资料判断我们的需求，可见二者都是通过从社交媒体获得的信息来

预测用户的需求，故答案为B)。

65.What does the author think of social media as a whole?

A. It will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.

B. It will pose a grave threat to our traditional ways of life.

C. It is bound to bring about another information revolution.

D. It breaks down the final barriers in human communication.

正确答案：A 本题解析：A)。最后一段提到，我们正处在一场急速的巨变当中，没人可以预

测社交媒体将带领人们走向何处。但在文章的最后一句中作者表明了自己的乐观态度，认为

互联的人类会找到自我振奋的办法，由此可知，在作者看来，社交媒体能帮助人类社会更快

地发展，故答案为A)。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

自从1978 年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，并经历了经济和社会的快速发展。年均10%的GDP 增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和

医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明意在重视生活质量

而不是增长速度。

Since China launched the reform in 1978, it has transformed its planned economy into a market-based economy, and thus experienced rapid economic and social development. 10% of the GDP growth per year has brought more than five hundred million people out of poverty. The United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals has been realized or is about to be reached in China. At present, the 12th Five-Year Plan

of China emphasizes developing service industry and dealing with the environmental

and social imbalance. The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance

energy efficiency, increase the chances for education and health insurance, and promote the social security. Now, 7% of the annual economic growth target of China shows that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather

than the growth rate.

【翻译审题】本文主要介绍了改革开放以来中国取得的成就以及现状，属说明文。译文应采

用较正式的说明性语言，时态主要用相关的现在时。原¬文中时间状语较多，翻译时需根据

不同的时间状语调整时态。句式以简单句、并列句和宾语从句为主。

【难点注释】【句①】自从1978 年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的

经济，并经历了经¬济和社会的快速发展。

【译文】Since China launched the reform in 1978, it has transformed its planned economy into a market-based economy, and thus experienced rapid economic and social development.

【分析】从时间状语“自从1978 年启动改革以来”可以判断，主句时态应该用现在完成时。

主句可以用“中国”作主语，使用主动语态，也可以用“中国经济”作主语，使用被动语态。

主句中的分句“并经¬历了经¬济和社会的快速发展”可以处理成上一分句的并列句，也可

以处理成with 结构或分词短语作伴随状语。“计划经济”可以译作“planned economy”；“以市场为基础的经¬济”可以直接译作“market-based/market-oriented economy”或意

译为“market economy”。故本句还可以译作“Since the reform in 1978, with the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese economy has been transferred into market/market-based/market-oriented economy from planned/command economy.”或“Since the reform was launched in 1978/Since it started to reform in 1978, China

has transformed from the planned economy into a market-based economy, experiencing rapid economic and social development.”。

【句②】年均10%的GDP 增长已使五亿多人脱贫。

【译文】10% of the GDP growth per year has brought more than five hundred million people out of poverty.

【分析】本句中的“已”提示应该使用现在完成时。句子结构上既可以用“均10%的GDP 增

长”做主语，谓语动词使用使役动词make；也可以用“五亿多人”作主语，谓语用“脱贫”。

另外，还要注意数词“五亿”的正确译法为“five hundred/500 million”。故本句还可以

译作“The average 10% growth of GDP per year ha s made/lifted more than five

hundred/500 million people out of poverty.”或“More than five hundred/500 million people have abandoned poverty on the basis of an average of 10% growth of GDP per year.”。

【句③】联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。

【译文】The United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals has been realized or is

about to be reached in China.

【分析】本句中的“或”提示应使用连词“or”连接的并列句，需注意的是“已达到”和“即

将达到”是两种不同的时态，翻译时可以将词汇转换一下，变为一种时态。还需注意专有名

词“联合国的‘千年（millennium）发展目标’”的官方正确译法为“the United

Nations’ Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)”；“达到”可用“realize”，“reach”

或“achieve”，结合本句可知是表示达到目标，所以用“achieve”为佳。

【句④】目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。

【译文】At present, the 12th Five-Year Plan of China emphasizes developing service industry and dealing with the environmental and social imbalance.

【分析】“目前”本句提示应该使用一般现在时。句子的谓语是“强调” 可以译作，“emphasize”或“focus on” 注意。“中国的第十二个五年规划”的官方正确译法为“China s 12th Five-Year’Plan”。故本句还可以译作“At present, China’s 12th Five-Year Plan emphasizes the development of service industry and the solution of imbalance of environment and society.”。

【句⑤】已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大

社会保障。【译文】The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, increase the chances for education and health insurance, and promote

the social security.

【分析】本句时态分析同句②，使用现在完成时。句子主干为“已设定目标”，后面分

句内容应该是设定目标的目的，可以处理成不定式短语作目的状语。“设定目标”译作“set goals”；“能源效率”译作“energy efficiency”；“医保”译作“health insurance”

或“medical insurance”；“社会保障”译作“social security”。同时还需要注意与名

词搭配的动词，如“减少（reduce）、提高（enhance）、改善（improve）和扩大（expand）。”【句⑥】中国现在7%的经¬济年增长目标表明意在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

【译文】Now, 7% of the annual economic growth target of China shows that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the growth

rate.

【分析】本句中的“现在”提示应该使用一般现在时。句子主干为“目标表明…¬…¬”，

所以可以将本句处理为宾语从句。句中的“ ”可以译作“ ”，现在now 亦可转译作“ present”at

或“currently”等相似的时间状语。“表明”可以译作“show”“indicate” “demonstrate”，或；“重视”可以译作“concentrate on”或“attach great importance to”；“而不是”可

以译作“rather than”。故宾语从句部分还可以译作“the government has switched its

concerns from economic growth rate to p eople’s quality of life”。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based

on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the

picture and then discuss whether there is a shortcut to learning. You should give

sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than

200 words.

have excellent performance in school if they always

idle time away because knowledge

There Is No Shortcut to Learning

The cartoon depicts that a student, with a book in his hand, attempts to search

for a book titled How To Do Well In School Without Studying, only to be told by the

librarian that it belongs to fictions. Apparently, the student is daydreaming about

gain without pain, which is anything but realistic. What the cartoon tries to convey

is that no shortcut to learning does ever exist.

Many examples can well illustrate this theme. A case in point can be Albert

Einstein, though a genius, but for his earnest efforts and diligence in learning,

he would not rise above his peer and become a great scientist. Moreover, as the old

saying goes, no pain, no gain, and learning is no exception. Seldom can studentscannot be stored in brain automatically.

Therefore, as college students, we should have a right attitude towards learning, and make earnest efforts in school as there is no shortcut to learning.

【作文审题】这是一篇图画类作文。行文提示：1. 抓住图画下方的主题词school，studying 和fiction section。2. 借助图画内容和题目提示，可提炼出主题——学习

无捷径。3. 确定行文思路——描述图画+提出观点+分析原因+总结全文；总结时，注

意观点要明确。

【思维导图】学习无捷径

There Is No Shortcut to Learning

第一段：描述图画内容，指出图画寓意——这是一幅讽刺漫画，意在说明有些学生不愿

学习又想在学校表现优异，但是学习无捷径。

The cartoon depicts that… What the cartoon tries to convey is that…

第二段：指出学习没有捷径，并分析原因。

Many examples can well illustrate this theme. A case in point can b e… Moreover…第三段：总结全文，重申自己的观点——大学生应当端正自己的态度，踏实努力，因为

学习没有捷径。

Therefore… there is no shortcut to learning.