生物学专业英语词汇

Cell theory细胞学说          cell membrane细胞膜     nucleus 细胞核

Organelle 细胞器             cell wall细胞壁          cytoplasm细胞质    protoplast原生质体           cell cycle细胞周期        mitochondrion  线粒体photosynthesis光合作用      unit membrane 单位膜     chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素            xanthophyll叶黄素        carotene胡萝卜素 golgiosome高尔基体         ribosome 核糖体           lysosome溶酶体               microfilament微丝           nuclear fission核       reproduction繁殖             primary wall初生壁          secondary wall次生壁       plasmodesma胞间连丝          mitosis有丝             amitosis无丝          meiosis减数             cytokinesis胞质          interphase间期            prophase前期                 metaphase中期              anaphase后期            telophase末期                tissue组织                  pistil   雌蕊                stamen雄蕊              ovary子房                  pollination传粉             pollen tube花粉管

porogamy珠孔受精          chalazogamy合点受精      mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖         apogamy无配子生殖        patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖    apospory无孢子生殖        pericarp果皮

life history生活史           root system根系             main root主根                 lateral root侧根             taproot system直根系       fibrous root system须根系             cortex皮层                vascular cylinder 维管柱      pericycle中柱鞘               xylem ray 木射线           vascular ray 维管射线       phloem ray韧皮射线            root cap根冠               Casparian strip凯氏带       primary xylem初生木质部          primary phloem初生韧皮部   vascular ray 维管射线      xylem ray 木射线               phelloderm栓内层          phloem ray韧皮射线         embryo胚

homologous organ同源器官  analogous organ同功器官    endosperm胚乳                  seed coat种皮              radicle胚根                 plumule胚芽                    hypocotyl下胚轴                cotyledon子叶               dormancy休眠                   seed germination种子萌发       eukaryote真核生物           prokaryote原核生物             algae藻类                     blue-green algae蓝藻          trichogyne受精丝

mucopolysaccharide黏多糖      gelatinous sheath 胶质鞘      exospore外生孢子heterosexual cell异性细胞        green algae绿藻             isogamy同配生殖 anisogamy  异配生殖            anisogamy 卵式生殖          zygogamy 接合生殖haploid单倍体                   diploid二倍体                polyploid多倍体                    

carposporophyte孢子体          brown algae褐藻             sea-tangle海带                 agar琼脂                       fungi菌类                    parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的               lichen地衣                  archegonium颈卵器           antheridium精子器              antiphyte孢子体              gametophyte配子体                       protonema原丝体               bryophyta 苔藓植物          cruciferae十字花科

vascular plants微管植物         aquatic plant水生植物        salicaceae杨柳科           angiosperm被子植物                           endoplasmic reticulum内质网             vegetative reproduction营养繁殖                 intercellular layer胞间层 

phellogen& cork cambium木栓形成层            asexual reproduction无性繁殖                  sexual propagation有性繁殖                    tetradynamous stamen四强雄蕊didynamous stamen二强雄蕊                   monodelphous stamen单体雄蕊diadelphous stamen二体雄蕊                   triadelphous stamen三体雄蕊polyadelphous stamens多体雄蕊                synantherous stamen聚药雄蕊

primary wall cells初生壁细胞                    vegetative cell营养细胞

male sterility雄性不育                          filiform apparatus丝状器             meristem zone 分生区                          elongation zone伸长区                           maturation zone成熟区                         embryophyte有胚植物              

specific parasitism专性寄生                    specific saprophyte专性腐生

facultative parasitism兼性寄生                  facultative saprophyte兼性腐生

sexual generation有性世代                    asexual generation无性世代             

Zoology动物学

cell细胞                    prokaryotic cell原核细胞         eukaryotic cell真核细胞

protein蛋白质               nucleic acid核酸               carbohydrate糖

lipid脂质                   protoplasm原生质               inclusion内含物

cell cycle细胞周期           pulmonary alveolus肺泡         flagellum鞭毛        food vacuole食物泡          pinocytosis胞饮作用             fission裂体生殖               microgamete小配子          zygote合子                    microtubule微管  contraction silk 收缩丝       merogenesis 卵裂              blastocoele 囊胚腔            complete cleavage完全卵裂   layering分层                  cynapse突触                                 myoneme肌丝               myocyte肌细胞                mesoglea中胶层                           monoecism雌雄同体          dioecism雌雄异体             velum缘膜        radial symmetry辐射对称      nerve net神经网               planula  浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry两侧对称   mesoderm中胚层               tubule cell 管细胞         osmoregulation渗透调节      acetabulum 腹吸盘             oral sucker口吸盘  metacercaria囊蚴            pseudocoel假体腔              cuticle角质膜

cloacal pore泄殖孔            renette腺肾细                 emunctory排泄管              resting egg休眠卵            metamere体节                 metamerism分节现象          sense organ 感觉器           periostracum壳皮层            prismatic layer壳层            nacreous layer珍珠层          veliger 面盘幼虫              glochidium 钩介幼虫             adductor闭壳肌               segmentation异律分节         linear animal线形动物                  pericardial cavity围心腔        cervical vertebra颈椎          sacral vertebra荐椎pulmonary vein肺静脉        precaval vein 前腔静脉          bladder气囊 

middle ear中耳              tympanum cavity中耳腔         amnion羊膜

neopallium新皮层             lagena 瓶状囊                wishbone叉骨postcaval vein后腔静脉       glandular stomach腺胃          air sac气囊

salt gland盐腺               sclerotic ring 巩膜骨             viviparity胎生

placenta胎盘                 allantois尿囊                  rumen瘤胃

bursa of fabricius 腔上囊       masticatory stomach肌胃      reticulum网胃

omasum瓣胃                   abomasum皱胃             cochlea耳蜗

earthworm蚯蚓               internal naris内鼻孔            amniota羊膜动物

arthropod节肢动物           coelenterate腔肠动物            annelid环节动物  

cell membrane&plasma membrane细胞膜            epithelial tissue上皮组织connective tissue结缔组织                          cartilage tissue软骨组织

osseous tissue骨组织                              muscular tissue肌肉组织

cardiac muscle心肌                                intercalated disc闰盘

Nissl's body尼氏小体                               colony &group群体

meroblastic cleavage不完全卵裂                     colonial theory 群体说                     

gastrovascular cavity消化循环腔                     muscle system肌肉体系                      excretory system排泄系统                           reproductive system生殖系统  

digestive system消化系统                           archinephric duct原肾管

basal lamina & basal membrane基膜                  cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精                             final host终寄主   

first intermidate host第一中间寄主                    semicircular canal半规管

second intermediate host第二中间寄主                              

Genetics遗传学

heredity 遗传                    variation 变异               gene 基因            pisum sativum 豌豆               segregation 分离              gamete 生殖细胞   

zygote 合子                      allele 等位基因             genotype 基因型     phenotype 表现型                 test cross 测交              oryza sativa 水稻 

diploid 二倍体                   haploid 单倍体               centromere 着丝粒

satellite 随体                   linker 连丝                  mitosis 有丝

mesoblast中胚层                 spindle 纺锤体            interphase 间期

spindle fiber 纺锤丝            vicia faba 蚕豆              nucleoplasm 核质       

spermatogenous 精原细胞         oogonium 卵原细胞         spermatid 精细胞

Phenocopy 拟表型                 epistasis上位效应            mutant突变型                

gametic lethal配子致死         zygotic lethal合子致死        autosome 常染色体  

dominant lethal显性致死          carrier 携带者              homozygote 纯合体                       heterozygote 杂合体              genotype 基因型              phenotype 表现型

linkage group 连锁群             interference 干涉          coincidence 并发率   genetic map 遗传学图             wild type野生型          mutation 突变heterokaryon 异核体              auxotroph 营养缺陷型       strain 菌株  

recipient 受体                   donor 供体                 fragment 片段         induction 诱导                   prophage 原噬菌体          transduction 转导          

Mendel’s laws 孟德尔定律                      law of segregation 分离定律

first filial generation 子一代                     parental generation 亲代

dominant character 显性性状                   recessive character 隐性性状

hereditary determinant 遗传因子                parental combination 亲组合  recombination 重组合                          punnett square 棋盘法   

 Mendelian character 孟德尔性状               primary constriction 初级缢痕 

secondary constriction 次级缢痕                nucleolar organizer 核仁形成区

first polar body 第一极体                       second polar body 第二极体

sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体                 female gametic nucleus 卵核

multiple alleles 复等位基因                     sex-chromosome性染色体

sex-linked inheritance 伴性遗传                 primary constriction 初级缢痕 

secondary constriction 次级缢痕                 complementary gene互补基因   

homologous chromosome 同源染色体           sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体

secondary oocyte 次级卵母细胞                three-point testcross 三点测交

primary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞            

secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞

first division segregation 第一次分离  

second division segregation 第二次分离  

law of independent assortment 自由组合定律

Biochemistry 生物化学

essential element必需元素   trace elements微量元素       proteoglycan蛋白聚糖      amino acid氨基酸            primary structure 一级结构   random coil无规卷曲structural domain 结构域       subunit亚基                 degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤                guanine鸟嘌呤                cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶               uracil尿嘧啶                nucleoside 核苷nucleotide核苷酸              base pairing碱基配对         base pair碱基对数

base碱基数                    gyrase旋转酶               nucleosome核小体            

complementary DNA互补DNA      plasmid质粒               transposons转座子repetitive sequence重复序列    exon外显子                   intron内含子

variable loop可变环           ribonuclease核糖核酸酶          renaturation复性

hyperchromic effect增色效应   base stacking force碱基堆积力    annealing退火

melting-out temperature熔解温度   hypochromic effect减色效应    maltose麦芽糖

sucrose蔗糖                   lactose乳糖                    starch淀粉

glycogen糖原                  cellulose纤维素                 cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性             substrate底物                    holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子                coenzyme辅酶                  oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢            assimilation同化作用           catabolism异化作用

metabolite代谢产物           biological oxidation 生物氧化      cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮               amytal阿密妥                  antimycin A抗霉素A

cyanide氰化物                glycolysis糖酵解                ethanol乙醇

citrate柠檬酸                 cis-aconitate 顺乌头酸            succinic acid琥珀酸oxaloacetic acid草酰乙酸        acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶       fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylate cycle 乙醛酸循环     malate苹果酸                    fatty acid 脂肪酸

carbon unit一碳单位           replicon复制子               core enzyme 核心酶primosome引发体               Okazaki fragment冈崎片段     leading chain 前导链lagging strand后随链          terminator终止子             telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶              replication fork复制叉       vector载体

promoter启动子                terminator终止子              operon操纵子

codon密码子                   degeneracy简并性             hormone激素

citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环   deamination脱氨基作用        urea cycle尿素循环

euchromatin常染色质                          messenger RNA信使RNA

 transfer RNA转移RNA                        ribosome RNA核糖体RNA

metabolic regulation代谢调节                   feedback regulation反馈调节structural gene结构基因                        promoter gene启动基因

operator gene操纵基因                          regulator gene调节基因

termination factor终止因子                     triplet code三联体密码

initiator codon起始密码                        termination codon终止密码semiconservative replication半保留复制         ornithine cycle鸟氨酸循环            

ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸                 glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸

oxidative deamination氧化脱氨作用              transamination转氨基作用

reverse transcription逆转录                    decarboxylation脱羧作用

semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制      reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶

missense mutation错义突变                      synonymous mutation同义突变

neutral mutation中性突变                       nonsense mutation无义突变

phosphatidic acid 磷脂酸                       essential amino acids 必需氨基酸

dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环                 anticodon loop反密码子环

double-strand circular DNA 双链环形DNA          superhelical DNA  超螺旋DNA

open circular DNA 开环DNA                      linear DNA    线形DNA

base stacking force 碱基堆积力                   secondary structure二级结构                  super-secondary structure超二级结构              tertiary structure三级结构                    quaternary structure四级结构                   negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋DNA

positive supercoil DNA正超螺旋DNA

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸    

glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸

restriction endonuclease性内切酶    

polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应

Microbiology微生物学   

living creatures 生物             culture medium 培养基         lawn菌苔   

culture plate 培养平板            bacteria 细菌                 archaea 古生菌    eukaryote真核生物               prokaryote 原核生物          protozoan 原生动物

hypha 菌丝                     mycoplasma 支原体           yeast 酵母菌   plasmolysis 质壁分离             Escherichia Coli大肠杆菌     murein胞壁质    peptidoglycan 肽聚糖             mucopeptide黏肽            outer membrane外膜    chromosome染色体              nucleolus 核仁               nucleoid 拟核 

 chromatin 染色质                centromere 着丝粒           telomere 端粒   protoplast 原生质体              mycoplasma 支原体           glycoprotein 糖蛋白 

mesosome 间体                 cytoplasm细胞质             megnetosome磁小体  nucleoid拟核                    glycocalyx 糖被               capsule 荚膜

flagellum 鞭毛                   lysosome 溶酶体             chloroplast 叶绿体   thylakoid类囊体                  inorganic salt 无机盐          peptone 蛋白胨

sulfur bacteria 硫细菌             beef extract牛肉膏            vitamin 维生素  inclusion body 内含物             lithotroph 无机营养型         medium 培养基

agar 琼脂                       organotroph 有机营养型       antiport 逆向运输

active transport 主动运输         pinocytosis 胞饮作用          catabolism 分解代谢passive transport 被动运输        uniport 单向运输             anabolism 合成代谢  fermentation发酵                 batch culture 分批培养      log phase 对数生长期

stationary  phase 稳定生长期     lag phase 迟缓期           decline phase衰亡期 

aerobe 好氧菌                  antibiotic 抗生素             antigenome 反基因组

transformation 转化              genome 基因组             plasmid 质粒transforming factor 转化因子      diploid 二倍体              haploid 单倍体

transposable element 转座因子     conjugation接合作用      transposon转座子phenotype 表型                  genotype基因型             auxotroph营养缺陷型   wild-type野生型               transition 转换           transversion 颠换

spontaneous mutation 自发突变     reverse mutation 回复突变 sexduction 性导   transduction 转导                 promoter 启动子           operon 操纵子

recombination repair 重组修复     repressor 阻遏蛋白        corepressor辅阻遏物

clone 克隆                        denaturation 变性         annealing 退火  extension 延伸                    cloning vector 克隆载体   replicon 复制子 

telomere 端粒                     cohesive end 黏性末端     promoter 启动子  terminator 终止子                 gene therapy 基因治疗     phylogeny 系统发育

ammonification 氨化作用                           nitrification 硝化作用  denitrification 反硝化作用                        expression vector 表达载体

aerobic respiration有氧呼吸                      anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸

origin of replication 复制起始点                  incompatibility  不亲和性  gene mutation 基因突变                            synonymous mutation 同义突变

chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变                 missense mutation 错义突变  frame-shift mutation 移码突变                      lactose operon 乳糖操纵子

negative transcription control 负转录         tryptophan operon 色氨酸操纵子  

cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传                genetic engineering 基因工程                     

recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术           palindromic structure 回文结构

spread plate method 涂布平板法                    pour plate method 倾注培养法       streak plate method 平板划线法                   shake tube method 稀释摇管法    

continuous culture 连续培养