I.重点单词
1(1) freedom [ˈfri:dəm] n. 自由
These men died for freedom.
fight for freedom 为自由而战 long for freedom渴望自由 with freedom自由地,随便地
freedom from,免除,解脱 freedom from taxation免税 freedom from hunger免于饥饿
(2)free [fri:] adj. free from 不受…影响的 free of 摆脱了…的,无…的
for free = free of charge 免费 be free to do sth=do sth freely自由、随意做…… ; 有空做…
in one’s free time=in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间
Everyone is free to express himself at the meeting. 会上大家可以畅所欲言
set… free 释放,给…自由
The old lady is never free from pain. 这个老妇人一直在受苦。
The house was free of mice in the end. 那座房子终于没有老鼠了。
(3.) free vt. 释放, 解除, 使摆脱( 常和介词from或of连用)
eg. free him from the debts 免除他的债务
2.civil [ˈsivl] (1)公民的 civil liberty/rights 公民自由/权利 civil duties/responsibilities 公民职责/责任
(2)国内的 civil war 内战 civil affairs 内务
(3)文职的 civil servant文职人员,公务员
3.murder [ˈmə:də] n. 谋杀,谋杀案
There are six murders in a week. 一周内发生了六起谋杀案
v. 谋杀, (因为无技巧或知识糟蹋了)某事物
She'll murder you when she finds out what you've done. 等她发现你干了什么事的时候,她会把你给杀了。
murder a piece of music murder the English language
murderer 杀人犯 murderess女杀人犯
4.youth [ju:θ] n. 1)青春期 During his youth, he lived in China.他青年时期住在中国。
2) a young person (c)
After the match, several youths were arrested. 过后,几个年轻人被捕了。
3) young people considered as a group 集合名词
The youth of our city is / are always polite. (总的来说是有礼貌的)
5. prison [ˈpri:zn] 1)(c)监狱,拘留所 This is a model prison.(模范监狱)
2)(u)监禁,禁锢 He was in prison for ten years.他坐牢十年了。
3) 有关短语:break prison /jail 越狱,从狱中逃走 escape from prison 逃出监狱
cast/put / throw sb into prison 把…投进监牢 take sb to prison
be set out of prison 被放出监狱 go to prison 入狱 leave prison 出狱
be in prison 在狱中 be out of prison 出狱
注意:无冠词表抽象意义,加冠词the 指具体的地方,类似的词还有school, bed, sea , hospital, church等。
He is old enough to go to school./ He went to the school to see his father.
4) n. 犯人 prisoner keep sb as prisoner=take sb prisoner 把…当成犯人
In the year 751, the Chinese traveler Du Huan was taken prisoner by the Arabic army.
5. revolution [,revəˈlu:ʃn] n. the industrial revolution 工业 revolutionary adj. 的
6. slavery [ˈsleivəri] n. 奴隶制度 slave 奴隶
7. runaway [ˈrʌnəwei] adj. 逃跑的;失控的 n. 逃跑;逃跑者 run away 逃跑
8. soul [səul] n. 灵魂, 心灵; 人
serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务 She puts her whole soul into work.她全神贯注地工作
the soul of a book 一本书的精髓 Not a soul was to be seen in the street. 大街上一个人都看不到。
9.chorus [ˈkɔ: rəs] n. 合唱, 合唱队,齐声
in chorus 异口同声 a female/ male chorus 女声/男声合唱 mixed chorus男女混声合唱
The professor’s speech was welcomed with a chorus of praise. 教授的演讲受到一片称赞。
10. arrest [əˈrest]
1) vt. arrest逮捕;阻止,制止
The murderer was arrested yesterday.
The new drug has arrested the spread of the disease.(….遏止了疾病的蔓延)
2)(c)拘捕 The police made three arrests yesterday.昨天执行了三项逮捕行动
11. separate vt. /vi./ adj.
(1)vt.把…和….分开
I separated the children to stop them from fighting.
The English Channel separates England from France.(把英国和法国分开)
(2)vi. 分手,分开 They set out together, then separated in Shanghai .(在上海分开了)
(3)adj. 各自的,各个的,单独的,分开的
Libraries have a separate section for reference books.
She prefers to have a separate room.
You’d better keep the good apples separate from bad ones. (和坏的分开)。
pay for the two coffees separately
(4)separation [sepəˈreiʃn] n.分离,分开
the separation of cream from milk
Although slavery ended in the USA in 1865, the South had its own laws to continue the separation of blacks and whites.
After her separation from her parents ,(和父母分别了三年之后),he was excited to meet them again.
1) Ireland and Britain ____ the Irish sea.(D)
A. be separated from B. be separated by C. is separated by D. are separated by
2) As we joined the big crows I got ___ from my friends.(A)
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
11. race [reis] 1) (c)人种;种族There are many races of people in the world.世界上有许多种族。
2) (c)赛跑/车, 常指速度竞赛 a horse race 赛马 He won the 100-metre race.
4x100-meter relay race 4x100米接力赛
3) vi.比赛,赛跑,后接against/with
The horse is racing against five others. 这匹马正在和其他五匹马比赛。
4) vi.急速移动,(沿路)飞奔 We had to race to catch the train. 我们得快走,好赶上火车。
racial [ˈreiʃl] adj. 种族的;种族间的;由种族引起的;
12. marriage [ˈmæridʒ] n. 结婚;婚姻 marry vt. 嫁;娶;把…嫁给…; 给…证婚
marry sb 嫁给…/娶… get/be married to sb 和…结婚
13. forbid [fəˈbid] (forbade, forbidden) vt. 禁止,不准,不许
常用搭配:forbid sth forbid sb sth forbid sb. to do sth. =forbid one’s doing sth/sth.
e.g. We should forbid smoking in the office.
The storm forbade us to go out. 暴风雨使我们不能外出
常见短语有: Forbidden City 紫禁城;forbidden zone禁区
No one could ___ him to go there. (A)
A. forbid B. stop C. keep D. prevent
14. vote [vəut] 1)vt. & vi. 投票(赞成);表决;选举
vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 vote on… 就…进行投票表决 vote to do sth 投票决定做…
As we can’t make any decision, let’s vote on it.
因为我们在这件事上无法取得同意,我们表决吧。
You must vote for the man you can trust. 你必须选你能信赖的人。
People vote against Henry. 人们投票反对亨利。
They voted her their headmistress. 他们选她做校长。
2)(c)投票;票数;选举权
The matter will be decided by vote. 此事将投票表决。
In that country, people get the vote at 18. 在那个国家,人们年满18岁获得选举权。
3) put sth to the vote 付诸表决
15. political [pəˈlitikl] adj. 政治的;政治上的 politics n. 政治学;政治 politician n. 政治家
16. demand [diˈma:nd] vt. 要求
(1) 常用搭配: demand sth. demand sth. from/of sb demand to do
demand that sb (should) do sth. (从句谓语动词用 should + v.原形,should 可以省略)
eg. This work demands your patience.这项工作需要你的耐心。
I demanded a reply from him. 我要求他的答复。
He demanded to know what was going on there.他要求要知道那里发生了什么。
老师要求我们立即放弃野炊的计划。
The teacher demanded us to give up the plan for the picnic at once.
The teacher demanded that we should give up the plan for the picnic at once.
(2) sth demands/ requires/needs doing/to be done 需要做…
[拓展] demand n. 要求, 需要 (后接介词for)
There was a great demand for such books.
in (great) demand需求量很大 on demand在要求时,一经请求
meet the demands of sb 满足…的要求
e.g. Teachers are in great demand in this area. 这个地区缺少教师。
Passengers must show their tickets on demand.查票时旅客需出示车票。
(接上页 unit 14)
1) He demanded Xiaoming ____ to Shanghai.(A)
A to go B went C go D would go
2) This new aircraft makes tremendous (巨大的;惊人的)____ of the pilots.(D)
A request B necessity C require D demands
17. boycott [ˈbɔikɔt] 1)v.联合抵制,拒绝参加 e.g. They boycotted the meeting.
2) n. 联合抵制; 联合拒绝购买(使用、经售) put sb. /goods under a boycott对某人/货物实行联合抵制
18. lawyer [ˈlɔ:jə] n. 律师 law n. 法律 legal adj. 合法的 illegal adj.不合法的
19. demonstration [,demənˈstreiʃn]
1).论证,证明[U][C][+(that)] The teacher gave a demonstration of the law of gravity.教师论证了引力定律。
2).实地示范,实物宣传[U][C] teach something by demonstration示范教某事
3).示威,示威运动[C] We watched the demonstration from our windows.我们从窗口看示威。
20. discrimination [dis,krimiˈneiʃn] n.歧视;区别 racial discrimination 种族歧视
21. act [ækt] 1)(c) 法案,法令,常指有议会通过的重大法令(常大写)
Would you tell us something about the new Education Act?
请你给我们讲讲新的教育法好吗?
Parliament has passed an act forbidding the killing of rare animals.
国会通过了一项法令,禁止捕杀稀有动物。
注意:bill在美国通常指提交议会审议的法案或议案,在议会通过之前还不是法律。经过议会通过而成为法律法案称为act。
The bill was finally passed by a majority of 126.
注意与law, act连用的动词多用make ,pass
2)vi.做某事;表现(act +adv./介词短语)
He acted bravely when the building was on fire.
这栋大楼着火的时他表现的非常勇敢。
I don’t understand their language, so you have to act as an interpreter.
我不懂他们的语言,你不得不充当一个翻译。
She acted like an old woman.她的行动像老太太似的。
He acted like a fool. 他的动作像呆子一般。
3)vt.扮演;担任角色
Who acted Othello that night?昨晚谁扮演的奥赛罗?
22. religion [riˈlidʒən] n. 宗教 religious adj. 宗教的
23. independence [,indiˈpendəns] n. ;自主;自立
dependence n. 依靠;依赖 depend vi. 依靠 depend on
24. unconditional [,ʌnkənˈdiʃənl] adj. 无条件的;绝对的
25. abolish [əˈbɔliʃ] vt. 废除;废止
26. prejudice [ˈpredʒudis] n. 偏见 Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》
27. chapter [ˈtʃæptə]n. 章;回;篇
28. ridiculous [riˈdikjuləs] adj. 可笑的;荒谬的
29. viewpoint [ˈvju:pɔint] n. 观点
30. judge [dʒʌdʒ] 1)vt 判断,评判,批评 He was judged guilty. 他被判有罪。
2) judge ….by 根据….判断…. Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
3) judging by/from 在句中作悬垂状语。
Judging by his accent, he must be from the south.听他的口音,他准是南方人。
Judging from what he has done, we can say he is honest. 从他的行为推测,我们可以说他是诚实的。
4) n. 法官,裁判 He is a High Court Judge. Tom is a judge of a speech contest.
31. march march on 继续前进 march against the enemy 向敌人进军 on the march 行军中
32. against
1) 反对 It was against the law.这是违法的。
I’m against doing anything until the police arrive here.
在到这儿以前,我反对做任何事情。
2) 依靠 Don’t lean against the wall.别靠着墙
3) 迎着,顶着 It’s very hard to walk against the wind.迎着风很难行走。
4) 与…对比 Against the U.S.dollars, its value increased by 1.5%.相对于美元,….
5)以…为背景,在…映衬下The mountain looks greater against the blue sky on such a lovely day.
6) 预防,准备…时用 We are taking the medicine against the disease.
He saved money against old age.
II. 短语
1. join hands (with sb. ) 携手;联合;合欢;互相握手
The three of them joined hands and burst into laughter.他们三个人互相握手,突然大笑。
The Chinese soldiers joined hands with the Americans in the war against Germany.
中国士兵与美国士兵在战争中联合对付德国。
give sb a hand/lend sb a hand 帮...一个忙 have a hand in 参与 at hand 在附近/即将到来
in hand/ on hand 手头上有 shake hands 握手
hand in 上交 hand out 分发 hand over 移交
2. set an example to = set sb an example给某人树立榜样
follow one’s example 以某人为榜样/向…学习 take …for example / take …as an example (以…为例)
give an example 举例 copy one’s example 仿效…
3. regardless of 不理会, 不顾= despite/in spite of
regardless of consequences /danger/expenses 不顾后果/危险/代价
He continued his speech , regardless of what I am feeling about it. 他不顾我在此事上的感情,继续说下去。
in regard to=regarding to=about 关于
In regard to/Regarding to this point, he is correct.关于这点,他是对的。
Regarding to what he said in his letter, I knew little about it. 我对他信中的情况不太了解。
4. at first sight 一开始 乍一看 at the sight of一看见…..就 catch/get/have (lose)sight of 看见 发现 in/within (out of) sight 在视线内(外) lose one’s sight 丧失视力 catch sight of 突然看见
come into sight 映入眼帘 go out of sight 从视野中消失
5. in case of 在有….情况下,万一… in no case 决不 in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
in this/that/such a case 在这种/那种/这一情况下 in all cases 在任何情形下,在所有情况下
in most cases 在大多数情况下
in case conj. 万一,以防
adv. 以防万一,免得(置于句末)
III.句型
1. Born in 1929,King went to university when he was fifteen.
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.
由于怕困难,他们宁愿走容易的道路。
They all rushed over, eager to help. 他们都跑了过来,急于要帮忙。
________ by the teacher, he asked the teacher a few more questions. (A)
A. Encouraged B. Encouraging C. To encourage D. Being encouraged
2. These struggles started with the ideas of the French Revolution and the American War of Independence.
这些斗争起源于法国大和美国战争的理想。
start with 意为:“从…开始”(=begin with)
We’ll start the meal with a onion soup. 进餐先开始喝洋葱汤
His illness started with a alight cough. 他的病是从轻微咳嗽开始的。
to start with 用作插入语,意为“起初、开始时;首先;第一”
I was a bit nervous to start with, but I soon got used to it. 我起初有点紧张,但很快就习惯了
It won’t work; to start with, it would take too long, and secondly it would cost too much.
这行不通;首先,所需时间太长;其次,花钱太多。
start 开始 start with 以…开始
3. His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people. 他所说的是,黑人不应该被隔离,而应该和其他人一样受到同等的尊重。
⑴not…but… 不是…而是… 连接两个并列结构。连接两个主语时,谓语动词单复数采用就近一致原则。
Not Tom but I am a college student./ Not I but Tom is a college student.
I saw not Tom but Mary in the street this morning.
⑵ as 引导性定语从句,在从句中做主语、宾语,先行词是the same 修饰的名词,还可用于such…as, as…as, so…as 结构中。
He is wearing the same jacket as I bought yesterday. 他穿着和我昨天买的一样的夹克。
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. 他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明男孩。
You can take as many as you need. 你可以根据需要尽管拿。
as 作为关系代词可引导非性定语从句,指代主句所表示的整个情况或其中一部分,as在从句中做主语、宾语或表语,意为“正如、正像”
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知,月亮每一个月绕地球一圈。
4. There was a time when women had no right to vote, could not go to university or choose their job.
There was a time when “曾经一度、有一个时期”
There was a time when he was disappointed and wanted to leave here. 曾经一度他很沮丧,想离开这里。