浙江大学_2005年(春)攻读博士研究生入学考试题(免费)

2005年（春）攻读博士研究生入学考试题

考试科目_____________英语______________编号_________________注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上或者草稿纸上均无效。SectionⅠListening Comprehension(20marks,1mark each)

Part A

Directions:You will hear a radio weather forecast.Listen and complete the sentences in questions1-5with the information you’ve heard.Write no more than3words in each numbered box.You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the table below.

Friday’s weather was______

People working outdoors will find that,compared with today,tomorrow is_______ On Saturday evening in northern part they may have________

On Sunday skies will clear by______

On Sunday evening it is possible for people to observe________

Part B

Directions:You will hear an introduction to Lincoln Memorial.Answer the questions 6-10while you listen.Use no more than5words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the questions.

What material was used in the construction of most of the Lincoln Memorial?_______ Why are there thirty six columns?_______

What other buildings can be seen from the memorial?_______

What do the two wall paintings above the inscriptions describe?_____

What are the opening hours of the Memorial?_______

Part C

Directions:You will hear three dialogues or monologues.Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it.While listening,answer each question by choosing A),B),C)or D).After listening,you will have time to check youranswer.You have hear each piece once only.

Questions11-13are based on the following talk on group discussions.You now have 15seconds to read questions11-13.

11.What will the speaker do in this class?

A.Organize a group discussion.

B.Discuss a student’s essay on group discussions.

C.Ask some questions on the aims of group discussions.

D.Comment on students’problems in group discussion.

12.What is the most important difference between“seminar”and“tutorial”?

A.There are more students in a tutorial than in a seminar.

B.There are more students in a seminar than a tutorial.

C.The purpose of a seminar is to discuss,while the purpose of a tutorial is to teach.

D.The purpose of a tutorial is to discuss,while the purpose of a seminar is to teach.

13.What will the speaker most probably do next?

A.Explain the purposes of group discussions.

B.

C.

D.Answer some questions of learners of English.

Questions14-16are based on the following radio commercial.You now have15 seconds to read questions14-16.

14.What things are NOT mentioned in the ad?

A.Microwaves.

B.Sofas.

C.Stereos.

D.Lights and switches.

15.What service is offered by the store if customers are short of cash?

A.The customers can get a discount.

B.The customers can play by installments.

C.Delay in payment is permitted as long as the customers have good credit.D.The customers can rent the commodities first and play later.

16.Where is the store located?

A.Two blocks west of city hall.

B.Opposite Union Square.

C.Across from city hall.

D.East of Union Square.

Questions17-20are based on a telephone conversation between a travel agent and a caller.You now have20seconds to read questions17-20.

17.What is the man’s destination?

A.Salt Lake City,USA.

B.New York City,USA.

C.Helsinki,Finland.

D.Stockholm,Sweden.

18.When will be the man’s return flight?

A.The twenty-seventh.

B.The twenty-eighth.

C.The twenty-ninth.

D.The thirtieth.

19.What is the flight number for the second half of his journey?

A.555

B.90

C.1070

D.830

20.What request did the men make regarding his flight?

A.He asked for a specially prepared dinner.

B.

C.He asked for a seat near the front of the plane.

D.He needed special aid when he got on and off the plane.SectionⅡVocabulary(15marks,1mark each)

Directions:There are15incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the center.

21.If wool is submerged in hot water,it tends to___.

A.snap

B.shrink

C.fade

D.condense

22.His last play was___by the critics as a masterpiece.

A.claimed

B.proclaimed

C.exclaimed

D.acclaimed

23.It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architects___in every way.

A.regulations

B.specialties

C.essentials

D.specifications

24.Your letter has been___to the authority concerned.

A.transited

B.transferred

C.transported

D.transmitted

25.Among her many___are loyalty,courage and truthfulness

A.virtues

B.morals

C.characters

D.graces

26.The soldiers___their arms as they marched.

A.swayed

B.swung

C.swerved

D.swelled

27.The country's constitution___the ideals of equality and freedom.

A.embodies

B.symbolizes

C.marks

D.represents

28.It was___whether the patient will survive the operation.

A.vague

B.suspicious

C.ambiguous

D.doubtful

29.The brochure______us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes from the beach.

A.trapped

B.frightened

C.engaged

D.misled

30."I'm far too busy to talk to you now."He said,in his usual____manner.

A.rigid

B.steep

C.abrupt

D.stern

31.He's rich and keeps____about how much money he's got to impress people.

A.exaggerating

B.boasting

C.admiring

D.inspiring

32.She was____enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A.initiative

B.pervasive

C.imaginative

D.perceptive

33.The two countries___their peace efforts after a break of two and a half years

A.rebuked

B.renewed

C.reviewed

D.reclaimed

34.People always greet each other warmly,____their different origins and beliefs.

A.in regard to

B.in contrast with

C.with respect to

D.regardless of

35.The express train from London___on time.

A.pulled up

B.pulled over

C.pulled in

D.pulled through

SectionⅢCloze Test(20marks,1mark each)

Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet1with a single line through the center.

If a single building type can—and should —be identified with twentieth century American architecture,it is the skyscraper.Tall buildings were the stuff of the stories told by the legions of European immigrants whose first36of American was the southern tip of Manhattan Island,bristling with its towers.They remain a symbol of American corporate37 _.They are the way Americans describe how nigh Superman can leap in a single38.

In an article for Lippincott’s Magazine written in1986,39“The Tall office Building Artistically Considered,”Louis Sullivan,the most40_architect of his day, issued a challenge that would resonate through architectural history_41_that moment on.The tall office building,Sullivan declare“must be tall,_42inch of it tall.”The force and power of altitude must be43it.It must be every inch a proud and soaring thing,44in sheer exultation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single45line.”

Like so many great architects before and46him,Sullivan was an energetic–if not always grammatical or especially coherent–writer,and he47in his own verbiage.But in this passage he seized with remarkable48on not only the central architectural fact of his time but also its49.The emergence of the tall building asan architectural type was an50opportunity,yet it was also somewhat frightening. Indeed,it was to sweep before it the very51of the word architecture and establish the unchallenged power of American design for at least a century.

Of course,height had been an obsession52architects long before Sullivan’s time,But only with the coming of iron and steel as structural materials in the early nineteenth century were designers able to escape the53limitations of masonry and brick.As a rule of54,for the architects of those days,a one stout masonry building55a twelve-inch-thick wall,and the thickness at the base had to increase by four inches for each additional floor.Thus a stone building of twenty stories would have to start out with walls more than seven feet thick.

36.A）glare B）glance C）glimpse D）glamour

37.A）power B）capacity C）ability D）strength

38.A）jump B）bounce C）hop D）bound

39.A）called B）entitled C）named D）titled

40.A）influential B）influenced C）affected D）affectionate

41.A）from B）since C）by D）at

42.A）each B）any C）every D）no

43.A）on B）in C）within D）with

44.A）elevating B）raising C）lifting D）rising

45.A）dissenting B）descending C）dissecting D）declining

46.A）following B）prior C）preceding D）after

47.A）rejoiced B）enjoyed C）engaged D）involved

48.A）appropriateness B）fluency C）accuracy D）flexibility

49.A）soul B）spirit C）essence D）prominence

50.A）unexpected B）unforeseeable C）unprecedented D）unacceptable

51.A）concept B）notion C）description D）definition

52.A）for B）on C）with D）by

53.A）inborn B）inherent C）inhibited D）initial

54.A）thumb B）finger C）hand D）palm

55.A）requested B）demanded C）recommended D）required

SectionⅣReading Comprehension(20marks,1mark each)

Directions:There are4passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet1with a single line through the center.

Passage1

It has been an axiom of the high-tech era that patents are a mark of innovation. Spurred by the explosive development of the Internet and new frontiers in biotechnology and other areas,applications for U.S.patents alone have surged by percent over the past decade to more than270,000a year.

Lately,however,growing number or technologists are questioning the surge in patent claims,especially in Internet-related software and business methods.They contend that these claims threaten to frustrate innovation,not foster it,by imposing added costs in fields where technology is developing rapidly and new breakthroughs build on layers of previous creativity.

“The patent system right now is creating difficulties for entrepreneurs and inventors in almost every industry,”said Charles Cella,a patent lawyer who lawyer who heads Bounty Quest,a start-up that offers$10,000rewards for anyone who can shoot down a patent claim by proving prior innovation.

Two recent claims highlight the issue.British Telecommunications PLC sued Prodigy Communication Corp.in December,charging that the Internet service provider was violating its patent on hypertext,a claim that,if upheld,would mean that almost any ISP would owe BT royalties.And Amazon.com Inc.is suing Bamesandnoble.com,claiming violation of its one click ordering system.

To critics these patent claims strike at the heart of the Internet,which they argue took off because Web pioneers such as Tim Burners Lee kept their innovations in the public domain for other to build upon rather than trying to cash in via the patentoffice.

“Anyone interested in developing new ideas and technology in the space of the Internet is running into this problem all the time,”said Janet Daly,a spokesman for the World Wide Web Consortium,a group headed by Mr.Burners Lee that works to develop common standards for the Web.

The consortium’s work on a privacy enhancing technology known as P3P,which gives consumer more control over the use of their personal information on the web, was stopped in its tracks for almost a year by a patent claim by Intermind Corp.

“It has a chilling effect on the natural environment where Internet technologies normally see their development,which is out in the open,”Ms.Daly said.Those arguments win little sympathy from companies such as International Business Machines Corp.(IBM),whose success in capitalizing on patents helps inspire today’s patent explosion.

“People have been saying been saying that going back to Thomas Edison’s time,”said Jerry Rosenthal,IBM’s vice president for licensing.Claims that patents deter innovation have“never proven to be true,”he said.

56.What do many technologists think of the surge:of patent’claims'in high-tech ear

A.It contributes to the development of the information technology

B.It promotes the innovation in the field of high technology.

C.It leads to the fiercer competition among businessmen

D.It results in the increasing costs in rapidly developing technology

57.Why does the author cite the two cases in Paragraph4?

A.To show the intensity of conflicts among enterprises due to patent claims.

B.To demonstrate the difficulties of shooting down a patent claim.

C.To illustrate the people's strong desire to get the big'reward.

D.To indicate the complexity of the patent system.

58.What do some Web pioneers do about their innovations?

A.They earn a large sum of money from their innovations.

B.They turn in money to claim their patents rich.

C.They make their innovations known to the public.D.They keep their innovations for their personal application.

59.Why was the work of the World Wide Web Consortium on P3P stopped?

A.Because it encountered some technical problems.

B.Because it was subject to a patent claim.

C.Because it failed to develop a common standard.

D.Because it interfered with the consumers,privacy.

60.Which of the following is true about IBM?

A.IBM advocates the global share of innovations.

B.IBM stimulates the current patent explosion.

C.IBM crates obstacles to patent claims.

D.IBM fosters the flexible use of patents.

Passage2

New York City’s Port Authority Bus Terminal is the ultimate urban transit station. It’s the biggest and busiest in the world.The heavy flow of strangers to and from it creates a tremendous crime problem.However,it was impossible to rebuild the building to incorporate what we now know about designing out crime.It had already evolved a messy place to control.There already were more than100police officers assigned to the building,and they could not hope to control the place areas livable and usable.

In the early1990s,major changes were made to regain this building for its intended purposes.To accomplish the task,it was necessary to gain control of the transients who stayed in the bus terminal day and linger in the terminal if they were not using it for transportation.Transportation agencies gained additional standing in law and public relations by offering problems designed for these transients.The Port Authority created Operation Alternative,which offered transient people a good variety of social services.The other alternatives were to leave the building or go to jail.This is one of those cases in which the kinder and gentler methods were assisted by tougher and meaner ones.

The Port Authority put safe activities in unsafe location,moving pushcartsselling flowers into abandoned corners.It put unsafe activities into safe locations, concentration ticket purchases in a central but not cluttered area,so many people talking their wallets out would not have them snatched.It also made many small but noteworthy physical modifications:It designed entrances and escalators to flow better and to move crowd of passengers thorough more quickly.This makes it harder for illicit activities to keep control,Open entries replaces the dreary and dangerous ones. It removed many seats and benches,and makes the rest uncomfortable for long-term lounging.

Restrooms were a particular problem in the bus terminal.They were sites for homosexual liaisons,thefts of luggage and wallets,and drug taking.Homeless people removed ceiling tiles and moved into the ceiling area,taking full bath in the large sinks and monopolizing facilities.Dramatic renovations were made here.Ceiling panels were secured,stall doors designed so you could see how many legs were inside. Corners were removed and restrooms were enlarged.Attendants were provided,the only change that required higher labor costs in the long run.Small merchants were located near the washroom entry to provide natural surveillance.Most important,the Port Authority provided much butter management of its facilities,reinforcing the improved design,offering better services for the homeless,and generally keeping the flow of legitimate activities going.

61.Port Authority,Bus Terminals strengthened its security through_____________

A.employing more police officers

B.seeking advice from specialists

C.rebuilding the bus terminal

D.making changes in its design

62.We can infer from the passage that passengers coming to and from the terminal now____________

A.are required to leave the building quickly

B.enjoy better services in the terminal

C.find the number stores in the terminal are reduced

D.can see more security workers around63.Passengers can buy tickets____________

A.at many different places inside the terminal

B.only at one place inside the terminal

C.outside the terminal

D.when they get on the buses

.The measures,taken by Port Authority to improve the terminal include________.

A.making passengers leave the terminal more efficiently

B.putting people involved in illegal activities in jail

C.providing more comfortable facilities for passengers to take rests

D.enlarging the bus terminal

65.Change to restrooms include all the following EXCEPT the fact that_________

A.some people are hired to take care of the restrooms

B.traders are doing business outside the restrooms

C.homeless people are not allowed to use the facilities in the restrooms

D.ceiling panels are fixed instead of being removable

Passage3

The European Commission.Has just produced a document about an important Subject——poverty and other kinds of deprivation in Europe-that is so unreadable that even the commissioner responsible for it seems embarrassed.

“It is a dead language,”Anna Diamantopoulou,the commissioner for social affairs,acknowledged before the European Union summit meeting opened here Monday.

Ms.Diamantopoulou said the document,prepared by officials in her department, betrayed a closeted way of thinking:“It's a Brussels language in which we cannot communicate with anyone outside Brussels.We know exactly what we do but nobody else does,”she said.

Such writing and thinking“is not only in this document,but everywhere,”she added.“That’s why I believe commissioners must have a very direct connection with national audiences.”The document,full of such sociological jargon as“benchmarking”,“mainstreaming”and“social actors”is a proposal to governments and the European Parliament to establish a program of community action to encourage cooperation between member states to combat social exclusion.”

Although taking care of social problems is up to member governments,the commission can“add value,”Ms Diamantopoulou said-with apogees for using another Brussels buzzword-by getting governments to cording their policies.

But first it needs a common definition of"social exclusion,"a vague concept not confined to poverty that covers anything from old people left on their own to young people deprived of Internet connections and kept out of the information society.

Second,it needs some reliable scientific basis.“We don't have the relevant data we need in order to develop policies,”Ms Diamantopoulou said:“In some member states,there is nothing.”In others there are United Nations studies or very general European data.

The figures the commission does have,some member states to the early1990s, are so out of date as to be virtually useless.

So the first task for the commission,she said is not only to collect data,but to organize information so it can easily be updated every year“so that we can then see where we have problems and how we can change policies.”

A common policy on exclusion would not only help the excluded but also guide governments in spending their social-welfare budgets efficiently,to create jobs and an equitable society.

66.What is the problem of the document provide by the Europe Commission?

A.Its subject embarrassed the European Commission.

B.Its language fails to communicate its meaning effectively.

C.It violates the previous policies of the European Commission.

D.It arouses the resentment of some member governments.

67.What does the document intend to do?

A.To advocate the removal of the sociological jargons in all the files.

B.To establish a very direct connection with some member governments.

C.To enhance member states’cooperation to handle some social problems.

D.To provide an exact definition of the social exclusion in Europe.

68.Which of the following people fall into the category of“social exclusion”?

A.The old people living with their children.

B.The youngsters addicted to internet.

C.The poor people unable to support themselves.

D.The clerks of the social welfare organizations.

69.Why does the document lack scientific basis?

A.The figures in it are not updated.

B.The information is not well-organized.

C.The conclusion is not based on investigations.

D.The content cannot cover different conditions.

70.How can a common policy on exclusion help the governments according to

Ms.Diamantopoulou?

A.To enable them to get rid of the social exclusion.

B.To help them collect relevant data on social exclusion.

C.To provide them with means of establishing social protection system.

D.To guide them to use social-welfare budgets effectively.

Passage4

In recent years,there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States.Costs are staggering both for the taxpayer and the litigants–and the litigants,or parties,have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court.Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation,but as in most branches of government,changes come slowly.

One suggestions that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the systems is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog,Another suggestion is usepretrial conferences,in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues,limit the witness,and provide for a more orderly trial.The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy or their claims and their opponent’s evidence.Unfortunately,at least one study had shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save,rarely result in pretrial settlements,and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method,small claims courts,in which case over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch.Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing.In California,for example,the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel.The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading—the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim.By going to this types of court,the plaintiff waives any right to jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years,we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.

71.The pretrial conference,in theory,is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A.narrow the issues

B.cause early settlements

C.save judicial time

D.increase settlement costs

72.What is the main topic of the passage?

A.All states should follow California’s example in using small claims courts in order to free judges for other work.

B.The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older cases.

C.nobody seem to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial system more efficient.

D.While there are many problems with the court system,there are viable suggestionsfor improvement.

73.The word“litigants”(Para.1)most probably means________.

A.jury members

B.commentators

C.parties in a lawsuit

D.taxpayers

74.Which of the following is true about small claims courts?

A.It is possible to have one’s case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court’s decision.

B.The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict form.

C.The decision may not be appealed to a higher court.

D.The parties may not present their cases without an attorney’s help.

75.What can we assure from the passage?

A.Most people who feel they have been wronged have a ready remedy in courts of law.

B.Many people would like to being a case to court,but are unable to because of the costs and time required.

C.The judicial system in the United States is highly acclaimed for its efficiency.

D.Pretrial conferences will probably replace trials completely someday in the future.

SectionⅤTranslation(25marks)

Directions:Translate the following into English.Write your English version on Answer Sheet2.

76.钱是一种符号，符号的功能之一是集聚事物。钱将我们生活的各个方面集聚在一起。凭借钱这一线索我们可以了解一个人，不仅是他们的经济状况，还可以是他们整个的社会及情感情况。英国的社会专家简•帕尔说钱起到一个“关系追踪者”的作用。当你问及某人对于钱的态度时，你会发现一幅追溯到孩提时代的潜在情感的和关系的丰富多彩的画面。

第一个需要说明的明显的问题是它不同于经济学界，银行业，会计学界以及其他金融部门对钱的态度。这些人会将他们的视野从钱的这种私人的一面转移开去，而是继续假装当钱只是一种不受个人感情影响的交流媒介。但是你是否注意到你认识的人竭力避免告诉他们的孩子他们的实际收入？人们在竭力避免正面回答时事实上感到难为情，尤其是男人。这不仅仅是因为孩子们不懂相对价值——尽管这是一个常常使用的借口。

翻译原文：

Money is a symbol and one of the functions of symbols is to gather things together.Money gathers together every aspect of our lives.When you pull the money thread the person unravels.Not only is their economic history revealed but also their whole social and emotional history.British social policy expert,Professor Jan Pall, says money acts as“a tracer of relationships”.When you ask someone about their money attitudes you uncover an underlying emotional and relationship tapestry which dates back to early childhood.

The first obvious thing that needs to be said about this is that it’s very different from the way in which economics,banking,accountancy and other financial areas treat money.The world of official money averts its gaze from this personal picture of money and prefers to go on pretending that money is an impersonal medium of exchange.But have you observed someone you know trying to avoid telling their child what they earn?People actually blush as they bluster their way out of giving a direct answer.Especially men.It’s not only because children don’t understand relative value–though this is the common justification.

21-35参：BDDBA BADDC BDBDC