随着我国城镇住房制度改革的不断推进,房地产业呈现出蓬勃发展的态势,成为国民经济的支柱产业。由于近几年房地产行业持续走热,房价急剧攀升,造成房地产市场泡沫,面临崩盘的危机。房地产项目的开发投资过程是一种预测未知将来需求而进行产品生产的过程,这些特点决定了房地产业是一种典型的风险行业,不确定性伴随其始终;再加上房地产投资数额大、周转慢、变现能力较差,有其自身的不利因素,存在着一定的风险。但目前我国有数万家房地产开发企业,相当多的企业规模小,只重视项目开发而不重视管理,更不重视风险的管理,使房地产项目开发过程中的诸多风险因素得不到有效的控制,从而导致项目的失利。同时,不同风险因素引起后果的严重程度迥异,项目能否取得预期结果具有很大的不确定性,因此,在项目风险管理中,应进行科学的、系统的风险分析,风险预防,风险回避,风险转移、风险自留、风险控制、风险利用等风险管理手段,把其应用到实际房地产开发投资管理,将风险损失降低到最低程度,确保建设项目取得良好的社会和经济效益。因此,对房地产开发项目风险进行分析和研究,有着尤为重要的理论和现实的意义。认识房地产开发的风险,明确导致房地产开发投资效果明显变化的因素,并进行科学管理的防范与控制,以提高房地产开发投资效益,减少或避免不必要的风险损失。为了有效地规避风险,运用科学的方法对房地产投资项目的风险进行客观的分析和评价,并采取合理有效的控制风险的措施,有利于房地产行业的健康发展,也有利于国民经济的稳定运行。
关键词:房地产开发投资;风险;风险管理;防范与控制;措施
Abstract
With China's urban housing system reform, the development of the real estate industry, presented the vigorous development of the situation, become pillar industry of the national economy. In recent years, due to the real estate industry continued hot, prices sharply, real estate market bubble, facing the crisis collapse. The development of real estate project investment process is a kind of unknown future demand and production process, the real estate industry is the characteristics of a typical risk industry, with the uncertainty, Plus, real estate investment amount, slow, cash flow capacity, has its own unfavorable factors exist certain risks. For real estate development of risk analysis and prevention, fundamentally, is to influence the benefit of investment in real estate development and influence factors were analyzed, or for investment in real estate development evaluation results of inspection and measurement, the reliability of the project risk. Understanding the risk of real estate development, development investment effect obvious changes in the factor, and control, in order to improve the investment in real estate development efficiency, reduce or avoid unnecessary risks. At present, however, several thousand of real estate development enterprises, a number of small scale of enterprises, to project development and management, and pay no attention to pay no attention to risk management, real estate development projects in the process of risk factors are not effectively, resulting in the loss of the project. In order to effectively avoid risk, applying scientific methods for the risk of real estate investment objective analysis and evaluation, and take effective measures to control the risks of the real estate industry, but also beneficial to the healthy development of the national economy and stable operation.
Keywords: Real estate development;Risk; Risk management; Guard; Measures