1、politely adv. 礼貌地
impolitely adv. 不礼貌地
polite adj. 有礼貌的
impolite adj. 没礼貌的
2、系动词
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
3、带不带to的动词不定式的词
一感:feel 二听:hear listen to 三让:have make let 四看:watch see notice look at
4、丢垃圾 drop litters 现在分词:dropping 过去分词:dropped
5、让水龙头开着 leave the tap running
leave left left
①离开 leave for 某地 动身去某地
He left Pairs to New York. 他离开巴黎去了纽约。
② leave + sth. + adj
You’d better leave the window open.
leave + sth. + doing
They all walked out and left me sitting there all by myself.
leave + sth. + done
He left the work half finished and went home.
leave + sth. + to do
She left her mother to take care of her baby.
leave + sth. + 介词短语
You must not leave them in the dark about it.
leave + sth. + adv.
You may leave the radio on.
6、pick up 捡起;(用车)接某人
7、queue up 排队等候
8、轮流做某事
take turns to do sth. = it’s one’s turn to do sth. = do sth. in turns = do sth. by turns
It’s my turn to clean the classroom.
on 打开
turn
off 关闭
up 音量调高
down 音量调低
9、proper 正确的 adv. properly 正确地
10、 open 打开;开着的 open the door
keep the door open
close 关闭;亲密的 close the door
keep the door closed
close friends
11、avoid sth./doing sth. 避免做某事
avoid drinking too much 避免喝太多
12、too much + 不可数名词 too much water
much too + adj/adv much too fast
13、behave v. 行为 behaviour n. 行为
14、
in one’s way 挡某人的路;妨碍 Don’t be in my way. 不要妨碍我。
on one’s way (to 某地) 在某人去…的路上 on my way home 在我回家的路上
in some ways 在某种程度上 In some ways , he is a good boy. 在某种程度上,他是个好孩子。
15、sth. touch sb. 某事使某人感动
sth. worry sb. 某事使某人担心
16、a touching story
feel touched
touch : 触摸(实意动词) feel :摸起来(系动词)
17、excuse 借口 make an excuse 找借口
18、①aloud 强调发出的声音能被听见,意思为“出声地”或“大声地”,常用 read , call 等动词连用。例如:
Please read the text aloud.
请朗读一下课文。
② loud 意为“响亮地”、“大声”或“高声地”,侧重发出的音量大,传得远,一般多用来修饰 speak , talk , laugh 等动词。 loud 还可用作形容词。例如:
Speak louder, please, or no one will hear you.
请大声些,否则没人能听见。
③ loudly 意为“响亮地”,其基本意义与 loud 相同,还常与 ring , knock 等动词连用。 loudly 放在动词前后均可,含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。例如:
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.
突然,墙上的铃大声地响起来。
19、discussion n. 讨论
v.discuss discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
20、express one’s feeling 表达某人的感受
expression 表情
21、explain v. 解释 explanation n.
explain sth. to sb. = explain to sb. sth.
22、保护某人免受......的伤害
keep sb. from doing sth.
protect sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
stop sb. from doing sth.
prevent sb. from doing sth.
23、warn 警告v. warning n.
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人(不要)做某事
warn sb. of sth./doing sth. 警告某人某事
give sb. a warning 给某人一个警告
24、success n. 成功
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
succeed v. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
25、 sometimes 有时 Sometimes I get up at six.
some times 许多次 I met him some times in the street last month.
sometime 某时 Tom went back home sometime last month.
some time 一段时间 She stayed in bed for some time.
26、risk sth./doing sth. 冒险(做)某事
take the risk of doing sth.
27、pain n. 疼痛 painful adj. 疼痛的
28、purpose 目的 on purpose 故意的
the purpose of ...... ......的目的
同义:aim goal
29、host 住持;主持人;主人 hostess 女主人
30、enough
enough修饰名词,放在名词前面 enought money
enough修饰形容词或者副词时,enough要后置 adj/adv+enough
31、 mean to do sth. 打算做某事
I mean to call on you tomorrow.
我打算明天拜访你。
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
losing a bus in London means waiting for another hour.
在伦敦错过一班车意味着再等一小时
meaning 意思 n. meaningful adj. 有意义的 meaningless adj. 无意义的
32、cut back 减少;削减
cut off 切断;中断
cut down 砍倒
cut out 突然熄火;戒掉;割掉
33、else
①置于不定代词的后面 something else *某个其他人的 someone else’s
②置于特殊疑问词的后面 what else
34、relate
relative 亲戚 relation 关系
relate sth. to sth. 把…和…联系起来
35、weight n. 重量 lose weight 减肥
weigh v. 称重 These apples weigh about 3 klios.
36、反义疑问句:前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定;问句转化为一般疑问句后,根据事实回答
37、time
all the time 一直,始终 from time to time 偶尔,有时
at times 有时,偶尔 at all times 随时,总是
on time 准时,按时 in time 及时,迟早
at a time 每次 at one time 曾经有一个时期,一度
in no time 立刻,马上 of all time 有史以来
38、other, the other, another 与 others 的用法区别
(1) 指单数时,若泛指用 another,若特指用 the other(后接单数名词)
He quickly threw the ball to another player. 他迅速把球传给了另一名球员。
I climbed up the hill and ran down the other side. 我爬上了小山,又从另一面跑下来。
(2) 指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用 the other(后接复数名词)
There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?
(3)others =other+复数名词, the others =the other+复数名词
经常与some连用,表示一些,另一些
Some boys are reading; others are listening to the radio.
有些孩子在阅读,有些则在听收音机。
Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。
He died so that others might live. 他牺牲了自己使别人能够活下来。
I was tired, and so were the others. 我累了,其他人也一样。
He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。
(4) another+单数名词;表示 又、再,同类事物(三个以上)的另一个;但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名词:
Have another piece of cake. 再吃一块蛋糕。
I’ve got another three minutes. 我还有三分钟。
(5) 表示两者中的一个如何,另一个如何, one...the other...
These shoes do not match; one is large and the other is small. 这双鞋不相配,一只大,一只小。
(6) the other 后接 day, night 等时间名词时,表示“几天前,几天前的一个晚上”等
I bought a pair of sports shoes the other day. 前几天我买了双运动鞋。
39、too......to......太......而不能.....
so......that......太......以至于......
I am too busy to go shopping with you.
I am so busy that I can’t go shopping with you.
40、at the table 吃饭;在桌子旁
on the table 在桌子上