第一部分听力(共两节, 满分5分)第一节(共5小题:每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下-一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1.(1分)Where is the man from?
A.Canada.
B.Britain.
C.Germany.
2.(1分)How was the weather in Changsha yesterday?
A.Sunny.
B.Windy.
C.Cloudy.
3.(1分)Whose dictionary is this?
A.Peter's.
B.Toby's.
C.Frank's.
4.(1分)How many T﹣shirts will the woman take?
A.Two.
B.Five.
C.Seven.
5.(1分)What does John want to be?
A.A singer.
B.A writer.
C.An engineer.
第二节(共6小题:每小题2分,满分15分)听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟:听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6.(2分)(1)What's the relationship between the speakers?
A.Teacher and student.
B.Father and daughter.
C.Doctor and patient.
(2)What is the girl going to do this weekend?
A.Take some photos.
B.Go to the concert.
C.Join a reading club.
7.(2分)(1)How will the speakers get to the train station?
A.By bus.
B.By taxi.
C.By bike.
(2)How far is it from the hotel to the train station?
A.8 kilometers.
B.9 kilometers.
C.10 kilometers.
8.(2分)(1)What will the boy do on Tuesday?
A.Help Jenny.
B.Have a party.
C.Do housework.
(2)Why must Jenny stay at home?
A.To play interesting games.
B.To study for her math test.
C.To prepare for a trip.
9.(3分)(1)What is the boy's speech about?
A.Western plays.
B.Modern movies.
C.Chinese culture.
(2)What kind of books does the boy like best?
A.Gardening books.
B.History books.
C.Science books.
(3)When is the library closed?
A.On Monday.
B.On Thursday.
C.On Friday.
10.(3分)(1)What does the woman want to do?
A.To interview Mr.Black.
B.To have a meeting.
C.To drink coffee.
(2)When are the speakers going to meet?
A.At 9:00.
B.At 10:00.
C.At 11:00.
(3)Where is the Spring Teahouse?
A.On Wuyi Road.
B.On Yuanda Road.
C.On Xinhua Road.
11.(3分)(1)How long is the smart elephant bus?
A.About 11 meters.
B.About 13 meters.
C.About 15 meters.
(2)How does the bus know who you are?
A.By reading your face.
B.By reading your fingerprint.C.By reading your card.
(3)What can the robot Dr:.Know do for the passengers?
A.Drive the bus.
B.Communicate with them.
C.Offer them food.
第二部分阅读(共三节,满分30分)第一节(共4小题:每小题4分,满分30分)阅读下列材料,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项。
12.(4分)
Hotel Workers Wanted
Isabella Hotel is a top hotel in the center of Queensland.We're looking for experienced waiters and waitresses.You are expected to work from 7 a.m.to 3 p.m.
You should
➢be healthy
➢be well﹣dressed
➢be reliable(值得信赖的)
If you join us,you will get
➢$ 400 every week
➢all meals for free
➢a separate room
➢one free day every week
If you are interested in this job,you can write to jobhunt @scottoday.com. |
A.For three hours.
B.For seven hours.
C.For eight hours.
(2)What will Isabella Hotel provide for the workers?
A.400 dollars a month.
B.Two free days a week.
C.All meals for free.
13.(6分)When we talk about the UK,what will you think of?Big Ben,Downing Street and Tower Bridge are always our hot topics(话题)
The most popular museum is the British Museum in London. Over six million people visit it every year.It is open from 10:00 a.m to 5:00 p.m.But on Friday,the closing time is 8:30 p.m. | |
The River Severn starts in Wales and flows (流) through western England.It's well known for the Severn Bore一a tall wave (波浪)of water that regularly (定期地) | |
Hungry?Beef and chicken are tasty,fruit and vegetables are healthy,and sandwiches are simple.Short of money?The cheapest food is fish and chips (炸鱼薯条).And it's delicious. |
A.At 9:00 a.m,Monday.
B.At 10:30 a.m,Tuesday.
C.At 9:30 p.m,Friday.
(2)What is the River Severn famous for?
A.Its tall wave of water.
B.Its beautiful riverbank.
C.Its deep river bed.
(3)The reading material(材料) above is most probably .
A.a business plan
B.a travel guide
C.a science report
14.(10分)From an early age,we were taught that if we wanted to be successful,we had to study hard and get good results at school.In fact,and some even lead an unhappy life.Why is it like that?
In some parents' eyes,school grades matter most for their kids.In reality,there are many things to consider besides the school subjects,how to be a happy person,what to do to keep healthy,school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life.Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life.You may have already known that some famous people,like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs,didn't do very well at school or even failed to finish school.In factbig shots who are successful in life without finishing school.They seize (抓住)every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson,so long that you can't define(界定)a person's success by just one section (部分),keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.If you are still studying,whether you are good or bad at school(天赋).That's how you can live a happy and successful life.
(1)What's the writer's main purpose of writing Paragraph(段落)One?
A.To introduce a topic.
B.To give examples.
C.To provide a solution.
(2)In some parents' eyes,what's the most important for their kids based on Paragraph Two?
A.Being happy.
B.Staying healthy.
C.Getting good grades.
(3)What does the underlined expression "big shots" in the third paragraph mean?
A.好学生.
B.神手.
C.大人物.
(4)According to the passage,which sentence may agree with the writer's idea?
A.It takes money to be successful.
B.School grades aren't everything.
C.Successful people never finish school.
(5)What can we infer (推断) from the text?
A.Old habits die hard.
B.Leaning is a lifelong journey.
C.Good grades always promise a successful life.
15.(10分)Martin Strel is a swimmer,best known for swimming the world's big rivers.He was born in 1954.He taught himself to swim when he was six and became a professional (职业的) swimmer in 1978.Martin holds Guinness World Records for swimming the Danube River,the Yangtze River and the Amazon River.
Of all his achievements,the greatest is his Amazon River swim.The Amazon is known as the largest and most dangerous river in the world.Several swimmers had tried to swim it,but all failed.Martin decided to go all out and make history.He wanted to show the world that people could achieve their dreams with hard work and perseverance(毅力).
On April 7th,2007,Martin Strel completed his Amazon River all the way from Atalaya (Peru)(Brazil).He struggled(奋战) with the river for 66 days and swam 3
Many people still cannot believe what he has done so far,so that is why they sometimes describe him as "Fishman","Human Fish" or even "the Craziest Man in the World".
In 2009,American filmmakers produced a documentary(纪录片)called Big River Man.And the book,has been sold in many countries.It tells us an inspirational story of perseverance and hard work,which has encouraged many people.
Martin doesn't swim for money.Instead,he swims to teach people about the importance of keeping water clean.
Martin has always bee looking for the challenges (挑战)of the impossible.What is his next?
(1)How did Martin learn to swim when he was little?
A.By watching his partners.
B.By learning from a coach.
C.By teaching himself.
(2)What is Martin's greatest achievement so far?
A.Swimming the Yangtze River.
B.Swimming the Amazon River.
C.Swimming the Mississippi River.
(3)What does the underlined word "inspirational "mean in Paragraph Five?
A.鼓舞人心的.
B.心灰意冷的.
C.栩栩如生的.
(4)According to the text,which is the purpose of Martin swimming the big rivers?
A.To make a lot of money for a good living.
B.To teach people the importance of keeping water clean.
C.To produce exciting documentaries and best﹣selling books.
(5)What can be the best title (标题)of the text?
A.Swim for Fun
B.Challenge the Impossible
C.Fight for Jobs
第二节(共1小题: 每小题10分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。
16.(10分)
Living with Less
These days,it seems that many people are trying to live more with less.They throw away all the less﹣used things,or some things that are not necessary.They are discovering the pleasure of spending their time and money on the things that matter most.(1) .
◆More free time
The more things you own,(2) .Just keep the things you use or enjoy.You'll be surprised at how much time you'll have to do what you rally want to do.Care for fewer things,and spend more time with friends and family.
◆Money saved
As you stop buying things you don't need,your finances (经济状况)will be better.(3) .Learn to reward(奖励)yourself with rich experiences.
◆Changed values
(4) .You will realize that things don't bring lasting happiness.True happiness comes from making memories (回忆) with loved ones.
Living simply lowers your stress(压力),betters your heath and allows you to find out what's important.Try to discover the peace and happiness this way of living can bring.Don't wait for a holiday to start living simply.Start today,(5) .
A.and you will find that less is more
B.Here are some advantages of living simply
C.Once you break the habit,your values will change
D.the more time you will spend keeping them in order
E.You can save some money and take a special trip instead |
17.(10分)As an exchange student,I studied in France for two years.The first time I took a class in the chemistry lab,I was surprised to find that students were fully "armed".Everyone was wearing goggles(护目镜)
My chemistry teacher Mrs.Louise usually gave us the instruction paper the night before the lab class and let us read it.During the class,she first went over the steps and then put us into groups of two to do the experiments (实验).What was special was that for every lab class
The class was often filled with laughter and screams(尖叫).We once tried to burn the chemicals and watch the colors of the flames (火焰).Different chemicals produced different colors of flames,posted them online and sent them to their friends.Mrs.Louise didn't get angry with us at all for our "noises".She herself even too photos with us!
After finishing an experiment,we had to write a lab report.If we had a big mistake in the experiment,we needed to analyze (分析)
(1)How did the writer feel when he first took the chemistry class in the lab?
(2)Why did Mrs.Louise change everyone's lab partner in every lab class?
(3)Was Mrs.Louise angry with the students for their "noises"?
(4)What did the students have to do after finishing an experiment?
(5)What do you think of Mrs.Louise's lab class?
第三部分语言运用(共三节,满分15分)第一节(共1小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
18.(15分)I looked at the words on the page.I knew how to say them,but my(1) wouldn't work.It was my first class in this new school,so nobody here knew me.My teacher just asked me to read some text out loud.The whole class was waiting for me(2) I could even hear my heartbeats.
I just sat there.Seconds passed.Some students started to(3) "What's wrong with her?" one boy said. "Maybe she can't read at all!" said another student.
"Just open your mouth and speak!" I told myself.I tried to get the words out.But the first was always the(4) .The teacher was waiting.More of my classmates were making fun of me.I wanted to hide under my desk.I soon felt tears (眼泪) running down..
I often faced situations like this during my grade school.(5) ?I had a stuttering(结巴) problem.Because of this,I often felt embarrassed(尴尬的)
Thankfully,I met a great teacher,Mrs.Brown.She never(6) me when I was trying to talk.She helped me to relax when I was speaking,and would always wait ﹣ (7) for me to finish my sentences.
Mrs.Brown offered me the most encouragement.She always let me know that my stuttering problem didn't mean I wasn't smart.She said, "Your brain is moving too fast,and your mouth just can't keep up!" Those simple words made me feel(8) and encouraged.
Great changes happened to me.When I entered high school,I almost (9) stuttering.In college,I had no trouble at all.As a child,I never imagined that I would become a(10) just like Mrs.Brown,passing love and care on to my students.
(1)A.eyes | B.hands | C.mouth |
(2)A.noisily | B.silently | C.proudly |
(3)A.suggest | B.encourage | C.laugh |
(4)A.hardest | B.easiest | C.funniest |
(5)A.What | B.Why | C.Where |
(6)A.praised | B.rushed | C.comforted |
(7)A.sadly | B.angrily | C.patiently |
(8)A.loved | B.hated | C.refused |
(9)A.started | B.stopped | C.doubled |
(10)A.student | B.manager | C.teacher |
19.(10分)Henry is(1) American businessman.One day,when he was sailing(航行)on a boat near San Francisco(2) (luck),he was discovered and picked up by a London﹣bound(开往伦敦的)ship.So he (3) (land) in London by accident.Alone and(4) (hunger),he walked on the streets of the city.Unexpectedly,he (5) (call) into a big house.There two rich(6) (brother),Oliver and Roderick,gave him a letter and told(7) (he) not to open it until two o'clock of the day.Henry didn't know it was a million﹣pound(百万英镑) bank note.He left the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat.Everyone was impolite and impatient to him.
Why? (8) he was in rags (衣衫槛楼) and looked dirty.Then,(9) everyone's surprise,he handed the owner a million﹣pound bank note to pay for the meal.On seeing the note,all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best (10) (please) Henry.Don't you think it's the most unbelievable story in the world?
第三节(共1小题: 每小题10分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,将划线部分译成英文或中文。
20.(10分)阅读下面短文,将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk(民间的) dance.The performers (表演者) dance to music with handkerchiefs(手帕)(1)It's a very popular festival activity in north China.
Yangge may have different forms from place to place,but all of them express happiness. (2)很多人非常喜欢秧歌。Most dancers are young men and young women.Some are even old ladies.Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge teams. (3)They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year.During the Spring Festival,the yangge teams pay New Year's calls from house to house.
(4)They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets. Some young men often play the drums,and the performers wave red silk bands(挥舞红绸带).People set off firecrackers(鞭炮)(5)他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物。The sounds of songs,drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.
Nowadays,yangge has spread into city parks,streets and squares
(1) ;
(2) ;
(3) ;
(4) ;
(5) .
第四部分写作(满分15分)
21.(15分)最近,你班召开了一次以"What Are Good Parents Like?"为主题的班会。请你综合以下同学的观点,并发表你自己的看法,向学校校刊投稿。
要求:
(1)80词左右(标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
What Are Good Parents Like?
Recently we have had a lively discussion about what good parents are like.Different students have different ideas.
____________________
答案与卡片
第一部分听力(共两节, 满分5分)第一节(共5小题:每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下-一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1.参略
2.参略
3.参略
4.参略
5.参略
第二节(共6小题:每小题2分,满分15分)听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟:听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6.参略
7.参略
8.参略
9.参略
10.参略
11.参略
第二部分阅读(共三节,满分30分)第一节(共4小题:每小题4分,满分30分)阅读下列材料,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项。
12.参(1)C .细节推理题 are to from 7 3 p.m.您的工作时间是早上3点到下午3点。故选C。
(2)C .细节理解题 meals free所有膳食免费。故选C。
13.参(1)B.推理判断题。根据It is open from 10:00 a.m to 5:00 p.m.But on Friday,但在星期五。因此可知我们星期二上午10:30可以参观大英博物馆
(2)A.细节理解题。根据It's well known for the Severn Bore一a tall wave (波浪)of water that regularly (定期地) flows up the river from the sea.可知它以塞文孔闻名——有规律地定期地从海上向河上游流动的高高的波浪
(3)B.推理判断题。通读全文,what will you think of,Downing Street and Tower Bridge are always our hot topics(话题).But there are many other facts about the UK.Come and see,你会想到什么、唐宁街和塔桥一直是我们的热门话题,来看看吧,本文主要介绍了英国的一些著名景点以及好吃的一些食物。故选B.
14.参(1)A.段落大意题。根据第一段From an early age,we had to study hard and get good results at school.In fact,and some even lead an unhappy life.Why is it like that,要想成功,在学校取得好成绩,好学生可能只会做自己不喜欢的工作,为什么会这样。故选A.
(2)C.细节理解题。根据In some parents' eyes,学习成绩对孩子来说是最重要的
(3)C.短语猜测题。根据In ,there a lot than the big shots who are in without school.可知事实上。根据前后文含义以及结合选项可知big shots意为"大人物"
(4)B.推理判断题。If you have already finished school,whether you are good or bad at school,继续学习。如果你还在学习,只要你用心去做。继续学习。这样你才能过上幸福成功的生活。故选B.
(5)B.推理判断题。根据If you have already finished school,whether you are good or bad at school,继续学习。如果你还在学习,只要你用心去做。继续学习。这样你才能过上幸福成功的生活。故选B.
15.参(1)C.细节理解题。根据第一段He himself swim he six可知六岁的时候他教自己游泳。
(2)B.细节理解题。根据第二段Of his ,the is Amazon swim.可知在所有的成就中,故选B。
(3)A.词义猜测题。根据第五段It us inspirational story of and work has many ,因此判断这个故事是鼓舞人心的,故选A。
(4)B.细节理解题。根据第六段Martin swim money.Instead swims teach about importance keeping clean.可知马丁游泳不是为了钱,他游泳是为了告诉人们保持水清洁的重要性。
(5)B.文章标题题。根据最后一段Martin always looking the (挑战)of impossible马丁总是在搜寻不可能的挑战,因此判断本文最好的标题为挑战不可能。
第二节(共1小题: 每小题10分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。
16.参细节推理题。
(1)B.根据前句"These days seems many are to more less.如今。"可知说的是生活,应说这里有一些简单生活的好处。
(2)D.根据前句"More free ,结合选项,你就越需要花更多的时间来保持它们的整齐。
(3)E.根据前句"Money saved"可知说的是省钱,应说你可以省点钱。故选E。
(4)C.根据前句"Changed values"可知说的是价值观的改变,应说一旦你打破了习惯。故选C。
(5)A.根据前句"Start today,结合选项,你会发现少即是多。
第三节(共1小题: 每小题10分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
17.参(1)He was surprised.细节理解题。根据The first time I took a class in the chemistry lab,第一次在化学实验室上课时。所以作者第一次在实验室上化学课时是感到吃惊的
(2)To make them work with different classmates.细节理解题。根据What was special was that for every lab class,特别的是,露易丝夫人都会更换每个人的实验搭档。所以露易丝太太在每个实验班都换了每个人的实验搭档。故答案为To make them work with different classmates.
(3)No,she wasn't.细节理解题!可知。她自己甚至还和我们合影呢,she wasn't.
(4)They have to write a lab report.细节理解题。根据 ,we had to write a lab report.可知,我们要写一份实验报告
(5)I think Mrs.Lewis's experiment class is very lively and interesting.推理表达题。根据The class was often filled with laughter and screams.We once tried to burn the chemicals and watch the colors of the flames .Different chemicals produced different colors of flames!That's so beautiful,posted them online and sent them to their friends.Mrs.Louise didn't get angry with us at all for our "noises".She herself even too photos with us,课堂上经常充满欢笑和尖叫,观察火焰的颜色,包括亮橙色和深绿色。"哇!"他们尖叫着,发到网上。露易丝太太对我们的"噪音"一点也不生气!所以我觉得路易斯太太的实验课很活跃。故答案为I think Mrs.Lewis's experiment class is very lively and interesting.
第三部分语言运用(共三节,满分15分)第一节(共1小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
18.参(1)C 名词辨析,B手,根据上句I how say ,但是应该是嘴不工作。
(2)B 副词辨析,B沉默地,根据下句I even my ,应该是大家都在静静地等我。
(3)C 动词辨析,B鼓励,根据下文Maybe can't at !" said student.也许她根本不识字。可知大家开始嘲笑我。
(4)A 形容词辨析,B最容易的,根据But first always ,应该是开头是最难的。
(5)B 疑问词辨析,B为什么,根据下文I a stuttering(结巴) ,应该是问为什么。
(6)B 动词辨析,B催促,根据下句when I trying talk.当我想说话的时候,故答案是B。
(7)C 副词辨析,B生气地,根据上文她从不催促我,故答案是C。
(8)A 动词辨析,B讨厌,根据上句Your is too ,and mouth can't up你的大脑动作太快,对于老师表扬,故答案是A。
(9)B 动词辨析,B停止,根据下句In ,I had trouble all.大学一点问题也没有了,故答案是B。
(10)C 名词辨析,B经理,根据后面passing and on my ,故答案是C。
第二节(共1小题:每小题10分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
19.参(1)an.考查冠词。根据语境;这里表"一个,应用不定冠词。故填an。
(2)Luckily.考查副词。根据语境,设空后下文表述他被发现并被接走,且修饰全句,还要注意句首的单词首字母应大写。
(3)landed.考查动词。根据语境;这里是叙述过去的事情。故填landed。
(4)hungry.考查形容词。根据语境,饿着肚子走在城市的街道上,相当于副词的作用。
(5)was called.考查动词语态。根据语境,他被叫进了一所大房子、喊)之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用一般过去时态的被动语态。
(6)brothers.考查名词。根据语境;设空前two是关键信息。
(7)him.考查代词。根据语境;动词后应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填him。
(8)Because.考查连词。根据语境,应用because回答原因。故填Because。
(9)to.考查介词。根据语境,表"令人吃惊地是"。
(10)to please.考查动词。根据语境,表"尽某人最大努力去做某事"。故填to please。
第三节(共1小题: 每小题10分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,将划线部分译成英文或中文。
20.参(1)这是中国北方一种非常受欢迎的节日活动。英译汉,题干表语"a very popular festival activity "译为"一种非常受欢迎的节日活动"。故答案是:这是中国北方一种非常受欢迎的节日活动。
(2)Many/A lot of/Lots of people like yangge very much.汉译英。根据句式;"非常喜欢"作谓语。故答案是:Many/A lot of/Lots of people like yangge very much.
(3)他们甚至在春节前一个月就开始准备秧歌。英译汉,题干谓语是begin to do sth结构,"begin to prepare yangge"译为"开始准备秧歌";副词even加强语气。故答案是:他们甚至在春节前一个月就开始准备秧歌。
(4)他们通过在大街上扭秧歌,祝福人们新年快乐。根据句式,表"祝愿某人有某事物";题干by doing sth结构作方式状语,"by dancing yangge "译为"通过扭秧歌",祝福人们新年快乐。
(5)They invite performers to taste/try homemade/self﹣made food.或They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves.或They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves.汉译英。根据句式,"邀请表演者品尝"译为"invite performers to taste/try",the food made by themselves(其中made by themselves是V﹣ed过去分词短语作后置定语)。故答案是:They invite performers to taste/try homemade/self﹣made food.或They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves.或They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves.
第四部分写作(满分15分)
21.参
What Are Parents ?
Recently we had a discussion what parents like.Different different Bob thinks parents are supportive.They always bring out the best im him.(Bob观点)Ann thinks good parents are like stars in the sky.Sometimes we can't see them
In my opinion,the good parents should be the good teacher as well as the good friends of the child.【高分句型二】There should be love,listening and encouragement between the parents and children.They should also be the example of the children to follow.So the good parents should be diligent,honest and willing to help others.(作者的观点:好父母的品质)
考点卡片
1.短对话理解
【解题指导】
由于对话是一个相互联系的整体,听前我们要浏览选项,了解一定的信息,并预测话题及内容.在听的时候我们要注意对话中的人物,包括男女、时间,地点,尤其是多个易混的地点及相应的信息,语音语调,上下文之间的联系等.同时还要排除干扰,适当的作一些记录,以增强记忆.弄清对话原大意,看清问题,即可选出正确答案.
2.短文理解
【考查内容】
短文理解是听力测试中综合性较强、难度较大的题型,短文主要为记叙文.但短文与单句和对话不同,有一定完整的思想内容,涉及到的词汇量较大,涉及的知识面也广.它的出题形式为:
1.听短文,判断正误.
2.听短文,根据所给的问题选择正确答案.
3.根据短文内容回答问题.
4.根据短文内容完成句子.
【解题指导】
1.抓紧听前几分钟的准备时间,先阅读本题的题干和有关选项,有些选项根据上下文逻辑关系和语法结构就可以选出,到该题录音播放时核对一下即可.
2.听短文时,注意听第一句,因为它可能是短文主题句.一般情况下,听完前三句就能确定短文属于哪一类,注意其中的时间、地点和人物,有利于对全文的理解.
3.听第二遍时,注意及时核对尚未完全听清的选项,没有把握的答案暂放一边.
4.平时注重听力训练和阅读训练相配合.
3.长对话理解
【解题指导】
由于对话是一个相互联系的整体,听前我们要浏览选项,了解一定的信息,并预测话题及内容.在听的时候我们要注意对话中的人物,包括男女、时间,地点,尤其是多个易混的地点及相应的信息,语音语调,上下文之间的联系等.同时还要排除干扰,适当的作一些记录,以增强记忆.弄清对话原大意,看清问题 即可选出正确答案.
4.记叙文
【概念及特点】
完形填空题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词(或短语),每个空白处提供四个选项,要求从中选出一个最佳答案,使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语法错误的题型.
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型.它题材广泛,体裁多样.文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强,具有鲜明的时代感,包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等.而夹叙夹议型文章成为近几年完形填空变化的一个特点.篇章大多有10或15个小题,难度符合《新课程标准》的要求.
完形填空题的特点:
1、完形填空题能够较为全面地考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力.这一题型的主要考查内容为:
(1)语言知识型.考查语言基础知识,如固定短语、基本句型、基础语法、单词在一定语境下的具体应用、习惯用法、常用搭配等.
(2)推理判断型.考查对篇章的整体理解和推理判断能力.
(3)综合型.综合考查知识和能力.
2.完形填空题所选文章有以下两大特点:
(1)所选文章是一个有机的整体尽管看起来形式上有残缺(若干个空),但它的内容、句与句之间的衔接点、句子与段落之间的联系、段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍存在于篇章之中.
(2)文章选材广泛
近几年在试题设计上选择了学生感兴趣的热门话题,降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查,注重上下文联系,突出综合运用英语的能力,全面测试考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力、逻辑分析能力和推理判断能力.因此,考生做完形填空题时,要快速通读全文,理解文章大意与各段落的中心意思,把握文章脉络和作者的写作意图.
【命题趋势】
完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔7﹣10个词,短文第一个句子作为提示句,一般不设空,并且短文被删去的词多是实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词)为主,而虚词(介词、连词、冠词)相对较少,甚至不设空.其特点如下:
1.以考查实词为主
信息词汇(或通常所说的"实词")比重极大,且有逐年增加的趋势.
2.降低了对单词本身词义的考查要求
突出该题型的主要测试目的:理解全文,通篇考虑,掌握大意,注意关联.
3.增加了考查连词的题
考查考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及对文句之间关联性的理解.
4.注重结合语境考查对词语用法的掌握
主要涉及两个方面:词义辨析与习惯搭配.同义词与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义.如果只是一一对应地记单词的中文意思,不注意具体语境中单词的确切含义,是难以分辨一些词的细微差异的.
【解题步骤】
1.通读全文,了解大意
做题之前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是非常重要的一个步骤.通过短文所提供的信息,借助语感及相关知识的推断,可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓.
完形填空题不同于单项填空题,单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子,根据设空句或前后语境就可以选出答案.而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,答案的选择要联系整段或整篇文章.切勿为了省时而边看边填;否则,只会欲速则不达.许多地方看不下去,选择时或不解其意,或似懂非懂,从而举棋不定,这样不仅错误率高,而且费时费力.
每篇短文总有一定的主题思想,段落之间必须能承上启下,前后呼应,句与句之间也一定紧密相连,形成一个有机的整体.因此通读全文时要一气呵成,不要中断思路,只要能理解短文的大意即可.某些细节不理解可以跳过,如果不影响答题,可以置之不理;如果与答题有关,可等到第二步填空时再解决.另外,在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾,因为它们往往能够提供主要的信息,有助于我们把握全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.
2.瞻前顾后,初选答案
在通读全文,了解大意的基础上,便可着手答题.根据习惯用法、固定搭配,并从上下文中找关键性暗示,注意前后对照,凭借语感先选出比较容易的答案.有些题目设计得很巧妙,由下文暗示上文,很有可能开头的空格填入四个选项在语法上都成立,但正确选项要到文章末尾才能知道.反之亦然,文章末尾的空格有可能在上文找到提示性的内容.
3.每空细读,分析斟酌
逐句精读,逐题分析选项,有少数空格需多方面地推敲分析,如词义分析、语法结构分析、上下文推理分析等,下面是从所给四个选项角度考虑的解题思路:
(1)若考查冠词,则须依据短文空白后单词的第一个音素来确定是用a还是an,根据空格后名词是表示特指还是泛指来确定是用不定冠词a/an还是用定冠词the,或根据冠词的习惯用法来确定.
(2)若是考查介词或副词(如up,out,of,away等)可先从固定搭配入手;若不属于固定搭配,则根据句子结构及介词和副词的意义及用法仔细进行推敲从而作出选择.
(3)若四个选项是名词,则须注意名词的单复数形式、所有格形式等.
(4)如考查形容词或副词,则须根据其所在句中的作用以及它前面的修饰语等来确定是什么词性,是应用比较级还是最高级.
(5)如果考查动词,要么考查在特定语境中动词词义的辨析,要么考查某些固定搭配或时态、语态以及非谓语动词形式等.
(6)若选项是连接词、关系词或连词,则应根据句子结构和上下文的意思决定是选择连接(关系)代词还是连接(关系)副词.也可从连词的一些惯用法或固定搭配等入手,如not.…until、as.…as、not so…as或用because不用so、用but不用though等.
4.复核全文,清除疏漏
所有的答案选出之后,应再次通读全文,对所选的答案进行核实调整,经过第三步的逐句推敲之后,对短文内容的理解更为深刻,最初选择时有些难解或误解的问题这时就很容易判断,从而也就能得到更好的解决.这一步费时不多却很有必要.
【注意事项】
1.重视首尾句
完形填空所选的短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空格,它很可能是文章开篇的重要交代,为预测短文体裁及全文大意提供重要信息.尾句往往是段落的灵魂.首尾句往往是文章的主题句,在主题句中,一般可能出现文章的背景知识,故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事件等,抓住并理解主题句对统观全文有很大的帮助.
2.先易后难
首先做那些只要根据上下文就能确定答案的直接的、明显的题目,即考查固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构等的题目.对于生疏的人名、地名以及次要的修饰词可暂时搁置一旁,这些东西往往纷杂、累赘,甚至令人厌烦,可尽量绕开它们.假如某个空格太难而一时拿不准选哪一个,可先把它放在一边进行"冷却",把容易做的全部做好,这样就增强了信心,同时也降低了试题的难度,原来的难题也就不攻自破了.
3.巧断生词
如果句子中有个别生词,要通过上下文或构词法知识来推断它的词义."熟词新义"的情况有时也会碰到,要注意灵活处理.有时,生词对解题根本没什么影响,所以碰到生词大可不必紧张.
4.以长补短,灵活作答
有的同学英语背景知识丰富,有的语感好,有的语法知识比较扎实,有的逻辑推理能力较强.总之要充分发挥自己的特长,以长补短,灵活作答,综合判断.
5.充满信心,集中精力
答题时头脑中切忌出现自己"解不出""做不完""看不懂"等坏信号.集中精力可使答题一气呵成,既有利于答题效率的提高,又能保证答题的准确性.
【解题方法】
1、利用语境及逻辑关系解题
完形填空的文章结构严谨,层次分明,句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间、上文与下文之间的逻辑关系很强.有些选项,不仅要符合语法的要求,更要符合语境及逻辑关系.如:
(2018盐城)I have had a long career as a nurse. I have met many patients. 28 _, I have never met another girl like Katy.
28. A. Instead B. Besides C.Therefore D. However
Instead代替;而不是,替代关系;Besides除此之外,递进关系;Therefore因此,因果关系However然而,转折关系.根据上文 "I have many patients."以及下文 "I have never met another girl like Katy" 根据前后的逻辑关系,此处为转折关系,表示虽然见过很多病人,但是从没见过像Katy这样的女孩.这样就选出答案D项.
2、利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面.习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,不能随意改动.所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法.对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势.要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量、掌握词语搭配知识并具有词语辨析的能力,特别:是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力.如:
(2018扬州)For a couple of days afterward, Max 25 a new title for me.
25. A. worked out B. turned out C. carried out D. tried out
work out意为 "得出";turn out意为"结果是";carry out意为 "执行";try out意为 "尝试",符合句意 "后来的几天,马克斯试图用新头衔称呼我."所以此题只要对这些短语加以辨析就能找到答案B.
3、利用上下文或复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现、释义复现、代词复现等.因此,利用上下文寻找复现信息能帮生尽快确定答案.
(2017南通) Just as he had thrown down his wood, he heard his mother's weak voice from her bedroom. "I am 29 , and longing for some tea."
29. A. thirsty B. hungry C. sleepy D. busy
四个备选选项都能作表语,语法上没有错误,但如果读到后一句的longing for some tea,就能通过这种释义复现的方式看出妈妈要喝水,口渴的,这样就能选出答案A.
4、利用背景及常识解题
完形填空试题正朝着语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展,语言运用与情景交际融为一体.因此解题时,考生的英语语言知识和其他方面的知识都发挥着重要的作用.
考生可充分对自己已掌握的文化背景、社会经验及生活常识巧妙地加以运用,这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去.如:
(2018泰州) Last autumn, my 80﹣year﹣old grandmother was having problems with her heart. My family sent her to the 16 .
After a careful examination, a famous doctor told my grandmother, "You have such a 17_____ heart condition that you should have an operation."
16. A. park B. hotel C. restaurant D. hospital
17. A. wonderful B. serious C. difficult D. proper
这两个小题都可以利用生活常识来解题.一般来说,人们身体出现问题,都送去医院,hospital符合题意;而奶奶需要一台手术,证明心脏病情是严重的,serious符合题意.因此,只要对备选选项的词义有基本的了解,答案就很容易选出.
总之,考生要在"读﹣填﹣读"的过程中遵循以下方针:抓住首句,跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意;理解词义,瞻前顾后,先易后难,逐个突破;重读全文,个个审核,验证答案,战胜自我.
5.人物故事类阅读
【考查类型】
(1)阅读理解考查类型:
1.主旨大意
2.文中细节
3.词义猜测
4.推理判断.
(2)文中细节的考查类型:
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
3.综合信息题.
【解题方法】
1.直接信息题:
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
2.间接信息题:
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
3.综合信息题:
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章.
【常见的提问方式】
1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
6.史地常识类阅读
【考查类型】
(1)阅读理解考查类型:
1.主旨大意
2.文中细节
3.词义猜测
4.推理判断.
(2)文中细节的考查类型:
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
3.综合信息题.
【解题方法】
1.直接信息题:
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
2.间接信息题:
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
3.综合信息题:
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章.
【常见的提问方式】
1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
7.人生感悟类阅读
【考查类型】
(1)阅读理解考查类型:
1.主旨大意
2.文中细节
3.词义猜测
4.推理判断.
(2)文中细节的考查类型:
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
3.综合信息题.
【解题方法】
1.直接信息题:
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
2.间接信息题:
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
3.综合信息题:
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章.
【常见的提问方式】
1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
8.广告布告类阅读
【考查类型】
(1)阅读理解考查类型:
1.主旨大意
2.文中细节
3.词义猜测
4.推理判断.
(2)文中细节的考查类型:
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
3.综合信息题.
【解题方法】
1.直接信息题:
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
2.间接信息题:
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
3.综合信息题:
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章.
【常见的提问方式】
1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
9.任务型阅读
【考查能力介绍】
①任务型阅读理解题是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型,所选文章题材内容贴近现代社会生活,涉及学生生活、富有时代气息.
②任务型阅读题型综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等.考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目作出正确的分析和判断,产生曼延作用.
③任务型阅读理解分为表格型和非表格型.其中非表格型阅读题目主要有:问答题;翻译题(英汉互译);句式转换;用所给词的适当形式填空;判断正误题;补充句子;拟标题;改错;写近义词、同义词、反义词;选择题;排序题.但不论题型如何变化,只要准确把握文章信息,掌握一定的解题方法,都能得以解决.
【解题方法点拨】
完成任务型阅读的过程就是:阅读(信息输入)→判断、分析、概括、推理(信息加工与处理)→答题(信息输出).具体解题方法如下:
①在读文章之前,先看一下文章后面的题目及要求,这样在阅读文章时就会有针对性;
②在读文章过程中,要兼顾文章主旨的归纳和细节信息的收集;
③在读文章后,核对各条题目,将信息进行梳理,根据要求(表格类阅读题往往没空词数)处理信息,正确表达.
④答题时还要注意: A.尽量简略回答;B.句子开头首字母要大写,标点符号要规范,单词拼写要正确无误,书写要认真;C.要对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、时态、单复数、主谓搭配等方面进行核对.
解题步骤(以题目为例)
任务型阅读.阅读短文,根据其内容,完成下列任务.
One morning it took me an hour to watch a small ant carry a huge feather(羽毛)across my
back hall.Several times it met objects on its way and after a short time it would go around them.
At one point the ant had to deal①a crack(裂缝 )about 10 mm wide.After a short time of thought,the ant put the feather over the crack,②it and picked it up on the other side,then continued on its way.
I was attracted by the cleverness of this ant,one of God's smallest creatures.It was an example of the wonder of creation.Here was an insect,tiny,yet given a brain(大脑)to think,discover and beat difficulties.But this ant,just like people,also shares human weaknesses(弱点).
After some time the ant finally reached its home﹣﹣a flower bed at the end of the hall and a small hole that was the entrance to its underground home.And it was here that the ant finally faced the problem.How could that large feather be possibly pulled into the small hole?
Of course it couldn't.So the ant,after all this trouble and using much creativity,beating difficulties all along the way,just left the feather behind and went home.
The ant had not thought the problem through before it began its brave journey and in the end the feather was nothing more than a heavy weight.
Isn't our life like that?
任务一:请根据短文内容,分别写出①、②处所缺的单词.(每空限填一词)
1.① ②
任务二:请把上文中画线的句子翻译成汉语.
2.
任务三:请根据短文内容,补全下面的句子.(每空限填一词)
3.(A) At the entrance to the ant's home it found the feather was too for the small hole.
(B) According to the writer's opinion,the small ant is clever,brave and ,but also has its own weaknesses.
任务四:请根据短文内容回答下列问题.
4.Did the writer show a great interest in the ant at first?
5.What does the writer mainly want to tell us?
Before we do anything,we should .
任务一是补充句子题,①考查固定搭配,②考查动词及其语法,都是词汇的惯用法,需要在读完全文的基础上,深入理解文章信息,推出正确的词语填入空缺处,也需要考生平时积累.
任务二是句子翻译题.这类题往往可以脱离文章直接做,做完后套入文章语境看是否翻译正确.
任务三是同义转化题,答题时要做到:弄清转换部分与原句的对应部分,对原句加以分析;根据所给的空格,把原句与要改写的句子联系起来;注意检查所用的表达方式、时态、语态、词汇、结构等是否符合题目要求.
任务四属于问答题,考查考生信息归纳能力.题目5考查作者态度,作者的态度和立场一般分支持、中立、反对三类,答题时要:寻找文中带有感情色彩的词来判断识别作者的态度;根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点;根据与问题相关的细节做出判断;通读全篇文章,把握文章的主旨后,才能做出正确的回答.题目6是内容归纳题,做题可以:从文章中找出能概括文章中心思想的主题句;注意文章的标题,开头和结尾;用自己的语言归纳概括;注意结合文中主题词所在的一些相关句子,整合出主题句;.注意归纳要概括性强,谨防以偏概全.
【中考命题方向】
中考中任务型阅读多为说明文和记叙文.其题型设置多样化,各地考试中所设题型各不相同,设计比较灵活,答案往往不一,允许考生自主发挥,加强了对学生语言综合运用能力的考查.但其考查难度也在增大,考生在复习时要有针对性地进行练习.
10.阅读表达
【考查能力介绍】
①阅读表达即根据短文内容回答问题,是阅读理解的一个重要题型.此题为5个问题,一般比较简单,多数为细节理解题,答案能在原文中找到出处;也有开放性题目,往往需要概括文章主旨大意.
②阅读表达题往往从不同的角度命题,既考查学生的阅读理解能力,也考查他们的英语表达能力和概括能力,另外,对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的也有较高的要求.
【解题方法点拨】
①通读全文,弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度.
②根据问题去寻找答案,避免答非所问.
③简练作答,不要画蛇添足.组织答案时,注意避免语言错误,如:时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等.
④认真核查,逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节,是否答非所问,是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误,如果对字数有要求,是否符合要求.
⑤答案形式要符合提问方式,如原文中提问方式为"why",那么就要用"because"引导的从句来回答.
解题步骤(以题目为例)
One day,Peter had a fight with one of his classmates.Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story angrily."He is really bad,"the boy said,"and I hate him."
The grandfather said,"Let me tell you a story.When I was a boy,I also sometimes hated others for what they did."
As Peter listened carefully,the grandfather went on."There are always two tigers inside my heart.One is good and kind.He gets on well with everything around him.But the other is bad and unfriendly.Even the smallest thing will make him angry.He fights with everyone all the time,and for no reason.He can't think carefully because he always hates others.It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart.They both try to control (控制) me."
Peter looked into his grandfather's eyes and asked,"Which tiger always controls you,grandfather?"
The old man said slowly and seriously,"The one that I feed.I always feed the good and kind tiger,so I never hate others and seldom (很少) get angry now."
阅读表达.阅读短文,根据短文内容回答下列问题.
(1)What's wrong with Peter?
(2)Who did Peter tell his problems to?
(3)How many tigers are there in the grandfather's heart?
(4)Is it easy to live with these two tigers?
(5)Why does the old man never hate others and seldom get angry?
题目(1)问彼得怎么了,细读原文可得出答案"He had a fight with one of his classmates.",因问句中有提到彼得,答句中不能用原文直接回答,需变主语为代词避免重复.
题目(2)问彼得把他的问题告诉谁了,抓住中心词who,回答时只需答出这个人即可,根据原文可知应答"His grandfather.".
题目(3)问祖父的心中有多少只老虎,对how many的回答需要用数字,根据细节"There are always two tigers inside my heart."可知要答"Two.".
题目(4)是个一般疑问句,回答时用Yes, it it.或No, it isn't.,根据文中细节"It is difficult to …"可知应该用否定回答.
题目(5)问为什么老人从不怨恨别人也很少生气,用why提问,回答时要用because.根据末段老人的话可以知道答案"Because he always feed the good and kind tiger.".
从问题中找出关键词在文章很容易寻出细节理解题的最佳答案.对于例题中没有涉及的归纳概括题,解题时要关注语篇结构(总﹣分、分﹣总、总﹣分﹣总),尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题,但不能照抄原句,要对原文进行总结归纳.
【解题技巧】
答题时,要了解不同问题的回答方式.
①一般疑问句用Yes/No回答.
②选择疑问句回答时不用Yes/No,需选择其中正确的一部分来作答.
③回答特殊疑问句较为复杂,要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应:问目的,就用 for短语、不定式短语等来回答;问原因,就用 because of 短语或because 从句来回答;问方式,就用 By doing来回答;问时间、地点时,答语中不要忘记介词;提问词是what 只能用完整句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句(多为宾语从句)来回答.
【中考命题方向】
阅读表达题是一些地方中考命题的重点题型,阅读内容贴近中学生学习生活.随着英语语言的普及,命题难度也在逐年增加,由简单的细节型提问更多地转变为对归纳概括能力的考查.一般疑问句的回答会逐渐减少,会更多地倾向于对特殊疑问句的问答.
11.选句补全短文
【考查能力介绍】
①选句补全短文即短文还原,要求考生把所给选项中的句子还原到文中相对应的空白处,设空位置一般为三种:段首、段尾和段中,以段中设空居多.
②这类题型最常见的体裁是记叙文,近年来各地对说明文和议论文等都有所涉及.该题型要求考生了解常见写作顺序,关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系,主要为:并列、转折、因果关系及其它关系.
复习方法点拨:
①坚持每天阅读英语文章,保证一定的阅读量以培养语感;
②在保证阅读量的基础上阅读时间,提高阅读速度;
③多积累词汇知识,打好基础;
④坚持复习语法知识和惯用法知识,提高自己的理解能力.
【解题方法点拨】
①通读全文,了解文章大意;
②细读五个选项,找出和文章相对应的关键词,分析选项间的逻辑关系;
③根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,选出最佳选项.
④将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理.
解题步骤(以题为例)
Why should students play sports? Some people think that students play sports in order to get exercise.(1) But that is not enough. If students play sports, they can get more than healthy bodies.
Why?(2)
Students who play sports do better in school.(3) But a recent study has shown that students who play sports get better scores in school than those who don't. Exercise gets students to learn, remember things and concentrate(专心) better.
(4) When they are working together with others to win games and reach goals, they're learning how to be successful in practice. And these skills will be useful to them for study or their future work.
Playing sports can also improve confidence. Students who play sports feel better about themselves. When they know they can improve and reach their goals by practicing,(5) And sports can also help them communicate with others actively and make new friends.
Now, how about going out to play sports with your friends every day?
A.it builds their confidence.
B.Here are three more reasons.
C.Some students like playing basketball.
D.Others think it can help students have fun.
E.Some people think that doing exercise will take up(占据) students' study here.
F.Students who play sports develop their teamwork spirits and learn problem﹣solving skills. |
在答题时,我们要先细读选项确定各个选项的意思,心里有个初步概念.
第二步我们要通读全文,在通读过程中就可以考虑选项位置.
第三步需要先易后难来确定答案:根据设空处(5)前面是逗点,可知其后并不是个大写字母开头的句子,只有A项合适;(1)空处前面有some正好可与others形成惯用法,some …others …,可选D项;(2)空前有问句why,可找其对应词reasons,选B;(3)处可下文中的转折关系推知此处是说做运动不好的地方,只有E项符合题意;(4)是段首设空,可能是段落中心句,根据后文中working together对应选项F中的teamwork spirits,be successful in practice对应选项F中problem﹣solving skills可知应选F.
答题的最后一步,我们需要回读文章确定答案是否正确.
【解题技巧】
①抓住过渡词,看住上下句;盯紧横线的前后词语.
②如果问题设在段首,有以下三种情况:A.通常是段落的主题句,需认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句;B.与后文是并列,转折,因果关系等;段落间的过渡句,这时要瞻前顾后找启示,结合上下文看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来.
③如果问题设在段尾,需要考虑:A.空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词;B.通常是结论,概括性语句;C.与前文是转折或对比关系,此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词;D.与前文是并列或排比关系,根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词;E.所选答案是引出下一段的内容;如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题.
【中考命题方向】
选句补全短文是中考中的常见题型之一,近年来题目难度也有所增大.考查方式上常见的有7选5,5选5,也有些省份甚至从句子还原升级到了段落还原.这就要求考生在平时要加大阅读量,培养一定的语感,在平时练习时总结出合适自己的答题技能,以不变应万变.
12.语法填空
【考查能力介绍】
①语法填空分为纯空格语法填空和单词的适当形式填空.对介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句引导词、情态动词等的考查一般是纯空格形式考查;对谓语动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级等的考查一般是根据提示词填写单词的适当形式;也有给出音标或汉语提示的填空题出现.
②语法填空主要考查考生阅读理解的能力、分析句子结构的能力和熟练运用语法的能力.
【解题方法点拨】
①快速地阅读全文,从整体上掌握文章大意;
②再次阅读全文,先易(固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构)后难(名词、动词、形容词、副词,注意联系上下文),确定语义,判断词形.;
③三读全文,上下参照,验证答案:看上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章;语法结构是否正确无误.
解题步骤(以题为例)
World famous scientist Stephen Hawking(霍金)died(1) the age of seventy﹣six in his home in Cambridge, England on March 14. British Prime Minister Theresa May said Hawking was one of(2) (great) scientists of his time. She also said, "His achievements will not(3) (forget).
Hawking was one of the most respected scientists in the modern history of(4) ['fIzIks]. Because of an uncommon disease(疾病), he was kept to a wheelchair. (5) , the disease did not stop Hawking from studying. He used every new day that life offered(6) (continue)his research of the universe(宇宙). He said, "Where there is life, there is hope." He developed(7) way of thinking about problems in his mind to reach a solution.
This way of thinking has led to his important discoveries. He was(8) (one) person to present the idea of some special energy in the universe. At the same time, Hawking tried to explain many of these difficult(9) (science)ideas to more people. He(10) (write) several popular science books, including the bestseller A Brief History of Time which made him a household(家喻户晓的)name.
Stephen Hawking spent his whole life understanding the universe. He is, no doubt, a legendary(传奇的)scientist of all time.
这是个设有10个空的语法填空题,其中有3个空无提示.我们可以这样解题:
首先,快速阅读全文,了解文章大意.
其次,我们需要在理解全文内容的基础上开始答题.(1)空是个固定搭配,at the age of.(5)空前后句表转折,空后有逗号,应该用副词however,句首首字母大写;(7)空后是个名词,前需加冠词,非特指用a;……根据先易后难的顺序一一填入答案.
最后,把所填答案带入原文通读,凭语感和所学知识判断是否正确.
【解题技巧】
①有提示词填空的解题技巧:
A.要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式.
B.如果填空处是谓语,要考虑时态、语态和动词的第三人称单数;如果填空处是非谓语,根据对句子成分的分析和对语境的理解,要考虑填to do、doing还是done,同时,也要考虑该动作发生时间的先后以及与主语的关系(是主动关系还是被动关系),并填写相应的形式;在平时的模拟题中,有时还要根据句意填写该动词的名词形式,甚至是形容词或者副词形式.
②无提示词填空的解题技巧:
A.代词:这类设空比较少,通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词;
B.冠词:如果设空处后面是名词,那么可以考虑是否要填冠词,再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指,并填上合适的冠词,在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词;
C.介词:这类设空一般比较简单,主要涉及动词短语中的介词搭配、形容词短语中的介词搭配以及一些固定的介词短语.
【中考命题方向】
中考中语法填空题更侧重对文章整体的把握,各地设空多少不一,大多是10空,在考试中考查最多的是谓语动词、非谓语动词和此类转换,其他语法比重虽不及这三个,但多少均有涉及,考生可以在平时的学习中进行专题训练,牢牢把握常见的13种基本语法.
13.图表作文
【概念】
图表类写作题一向是中考书面表达中的难点.它不像看图叙事和提示作文那样直观明了,文体多以说明文和议论文为主.考查时要求同学们根据所给的图表、数据等进行分析、研究,阅读其中的文字和说明,弄清各种信息之间的关系,提炼要点,然后组织语言进行写作,必要时还要加入作者自己的观点.
和看图叙事不同的是,写图表作文时对图表和数据内容不必全部描述,只需重点引用能支持观点的一些数据.分析图表时切不可凭空想象,要善于抓住总的规律和趋势.时态方面除特定的时间用过去时外,常用一般现在时.
【结构】
图表作文的结构通常是三段式:
第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势,简要概述图表所揭示的信息.
第二段分析原因.
第三段提出解决问题的办法或建议.
【考查形式】
1.调查图
如2006年河南试验区中考卷关于"学生吸烟情况"的调查图,2005年包头市关于学生
视力下降原因的调查;
2. 表格
如2006年盐城中考卷根据表格设计宣传单饼提出给驾驶员和行人的2条建议;2005年大连中考卷关于班级去年今年情况对比的表格等;2005年哈尔滨中考关于压岁钱的使用情况表.
3. 柱图
如2006年青海中考卷关于"学生上网目的"的调查.
【写作方法指导】
一、写作图表作文时应该注意的几个方面:
1. 要对图表作简要的主题介绍.
2. 切忌不加详细分析、罗列数字.要进行横向、纵向的比较,寻找规律性的信息,通过计算找出部分与整体、部分与部分之间的关系,如增减的绝对数字、百分比、分数或倍数等.
3. 分析原因,寻找规律,把握主题.
4 根据分析所得信息得出结论.
二、写作过程
仔细审题永远是写作中最重要的部分.认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系,整理要点.
图表作文的结构通常是三段式:
第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势,简要概述图表所揭示的信息.
第二段是解释原因的段落,一般要用到一些过渡句.
第三段提出解决问题的办法或建议.
写作时注意直截了当、尽快入题,适当加入自己的议论,力争做到观点明确,不要拐弯抹角,拖泥带水,使人读后一头雾水.
三、注意事项
文章应包括图表所示内容,但不是全部写到;叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比;最重要的是要有表明自己观点的句子.书写要规范,包括大小写、标点符号等.写作之后还要注意认真检查,改正错误.
【写作举例】
英语课上老师让同学们讨论网上购物的利与弊,根据你们组的讨论结果,请你做代表发言.
要求:1.语言流畅、规范;
2.包含提示内容,并适当发挥;
3.词数80左右.
利(advantages) | 弊(disadvantages) |
方便;24小时营业;不用排队 | 看不见物品;不能享受和朋友一起购物的乐趣 |
这是一篇提示性作文,要求答题者根据提示写出网上购物的利与弊.同时要联想出与advantages 有关的词语:convenience, open 24 hours a day, do not queue;以及与disadvantages有关的词语:can't see the products, can't enjoy walking around the shops with your friends等等.
作为一篇短文,除了写出提示词所给的信息外,还要根据题意,在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥.
范文
Shopping online is a new way of shopping. It has many advantages. It is much more convenient. You can shop whenever you like as the on﹣line shops are open 24 hours a day, and you do not have to queue. Second, it is often cheaper to buy goods over the Internet and easier to find what you are looking for. There are some disadvantages, too. You cannot see the products or check their quality. Besides, you cannot enjoy walking around the shops, and talking with your friends.