解析同义型、条件型句型转换
句型转换是要求学生根据所给的句型,按要求或提示完成考题,考查的是学生对句子结构的构成、变化等方面的知识以及对此类知识的运用能力。该题型首先给出一个完整的句子,再给出一个含有几个空白处的句子,根据不同的要求填入适当的词完成句型转换。句型转换涉及到语法知识的各个方面,在做这种题时,应注意时态、语态、人称、数的变化,特殊疑问词的用法,及助动词的用法等。句型转换考题虽然包括各种句式,但通常以两种形式进行考查:同义型句型转换和条件型句型转换。
一、同义型句型转换
同义型句型转换即是用另一种方式来表述与原句相同的句意,也称作同义句转换,主要考查学生对句型及词汇的掌握情况。
【真题引导1】
I prefer walking there to going by bus. I prefer to walk there ___ by bus.
【答案与解析】
该题考查prefer...to...与prefer...rather than...这两个句型的转换。前者后接动词时用V.+ing形式,而后者则接不定式,并且rather than后的不定式符号要省略。答案:rather than go。
【真题引导2】
It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam. Mary ____ two weeks ___ for the exam.
【答案与解析】
该题考查的是表示“花费时间做某事”的两个句型的转换,take常用的句型是:it takes +时间 + to do...;而spend却是:sb +spend + 时间 + (in)doing...。答案:spent, in preparing。
【真题引导3】
I always get up before six o'clock in my school days. I __ get up ______ six o'clock in my school days.
【答案与解析】
根据原句的意思,只有在第二句的两个空白处分别填入never与after,这样才能表达出与第一句相同的含义。这里要注意always的否定副词是never。答案:never,after。
【真题引导4】
The children are too tired to walk farther. They are_____tired____they ____ walk farther.
【答案与解析】
含有too...to的简单句常和so...that 引导的复合句互相转换。但是too...to的本身是否定意义,so...that从句要改为否定。答案:so, that, can't。
【真题引导5】
The girl left her home a few days ago, she has not come back yet.
The girl has____ from her home for a few days.
【答案与解析】
第一句意思为“女孩几天前离开家,她现在还未回来”。根据句意可知应用现在完成时。for a few days表示一段时间,在完成时中只能与延续性动词搭配,而leave是非延续性动词。答案:been away。
【巩固训练】
1. They say that Mr. Liu can speak German. ____ that Mr. Liu can speak German.
2. Can you show me the way to the post office? Can you tell me _____ get to the post office?
3.People plant many young trees on both sides of the street each year.
Many young trees are ____ on ____ sides of the street each year.
4.My parents left home three days ago. They have not come back yet. My parents____from home for three days.
5.They knew something about it only after you told them. They knew______ about it _____ you told them.
6.If you play basketball here, you may break the windows. _____play basketball here,______you may break the windows.
7.This is the most enjoyable journey that I have ever heard of. I have ______heard of______ an enjoyable journey before.
8. Hot dogs are not so delicious as sandwiches. Hot dogs are______ delicious ___sandwiches.
9. Her father bought the car three months ago. Her father ______the car for three months.
10. It's good for your health to take exercise often. ____ exercise often can make you ______.
11. All the books cost me 365 yuan. I ______ 365 yuan ______ all the books.
12.The doctor put down the telephone, left his home at once and hurried to Jim's home.
After the doctor ______ the phone call, he left his home at once and went to Jim's home as _____.
13. At the end of the meeting his bag was lost. He______ his bag when the meeting ______.
14. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better. He ______ F4 ______ Backstreet Boys.
15. Tom spent two hours in mending the bike. It _____ two hours______ the bike.
16. He hardly does wrong in his homework. He hardly ______ any ______ in his homework.
17.I will tell you my telephone number after you tell me yours. Please tell me your telephone number,___I__tell you, ____.
18. The Indian old lady no longer lived there. The Indian old lady ______ live there _____.
19.Jane got to school earlier than any other students. Jane got to school ______ all the students.
20. My sister prefers reading to going shopping. My sister likes______ than going shopping.
二、条件型句型转换
条件型句型转换即是要求根据句子后给出的具体要求变换句型。具体考查内容为:
1.单数句、复数句之间的转换;
2.肯定句、否定句、疑问句之间的转换;
3.简单句、并列句、复合句之间的转换;
4.陈述句、感叹句、祈使句之间的转换;
5.主动语态、被动语态之间的转换。
【真题引导1】改为单数句
There are some old sheep on the farm. There is ______ old ______ on the farm.
【答案与解析】
sheep的单、复数形式一样,old是元音开头的词,故冠词不能用a 。单数句与复数句转换时,名词、代词要一 一对应互换。注意名词变复数的规律,同时注意主谓的一致性。答案:an, sheep。
【真题引导2】改为一般疑问句
He set the alarm clock for seven. ______ he ______ the alarm clock for seven?
【答案与解析】
一般疑问句及否定句的构成:(1)当谓语动词是be 动词、助动词或情态动词时,将其直接移到句首便可构成一般疑问句,或在其后直接加not构成否定句;(2)当谓语动词是行为动词时,则加助动词do来完成一般疑问句,第三人称单数用does,一般过去时用did,加助动词后应注意其后谓语动词要用原形,这一点要切记。答案:Did, set。
【真题引导3】改为否定句
Both of the players are very popular in England. _____of the players______very popular in England.
【答案与解析】
Both“两者都”为全肯定。其反义词neither “两者都不”为全否定。either“两者之一”是部分否定。另外either和neither作主语,谓语动词应用单数。答案:Neither, is。
【真题引导4】改为反意疑问句
Sue speaks little French. Sue speaks little French, _____?
【答案与解析】
反意疑问句应遵循的原则是:前半部分肯定,后半部分否定;前半部分否定,则后半部分肯定。前半部分中有no, little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定词时,后半部分则用肯定。答案:doesshe。
【真题引导5】对画线部分提问
The bank near the shop is very big. ___________________________
【答案与解析】
就画线部分提问实际上是将句子改为特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句中的疑问词是根据画线部分来确定的。特殊疑问句的构成:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。该题中near the shop在句中作the bank的定语,故疑问词应用which。答案:Which bank is very big?
【真题引导6】改为感叹句
It's raining very heavily. ______it is raining!
【答案与解析】
本句感叹的是副词heavily,所以要用how,原句中的very应去掉,还应注意句子开头的首字母要大写。答案:How heavily。
【真题引导7】改为被动语态
They have painted their new house. Their new house ______ by them.
【答案与解析】
原句是现在完成时态,被动结构要用have been done。在主动变被动时,特别要注意被动语态句中主语的人称、数的变化,这句被动句的主语是第三人称单数,要用has。答案:has been painted。
巩固练习
Ⅰ.单、复数相互转换
1. The woman is a nurse.(改为复数句) They are all______.
2. There are some old cars behind the house.(改为单数句) There______ old ______ behind the house.
3. He has a new book.(改为复数句) ______new ______.
4. Are these your English-Chinese dictionaries?(改为单数句) ______ your English-Chinese ______?
5.Is there a sheep in your uncle's farm?(改为复数句) _____ there ______ in your uncle's farm?
Ⅱ. 肯定句与疑问句相互转换
1. Mr. Hu taught her maths last year.(改为一般疑问句)_____ Mr. Hu ______ her maths last year?
2.The foreign visitor comes from Russia.(用Australia完成选择疑问句)
____ the foreign visitor come from Russia ____?
3. Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句) ____ Tom ______ lunch at school every day?
4. That dictionary cost him twenty yuan. (改为一般疑问句 ____ that dictionary ______ him twenty yuan?
5. Don't you think her radio is too loud? (作肯定回答) ___, I ______.
Ⅲ. 完成反意疑问句
1. You've never been out of China before, _____?
2. You came here together, ______?
3. There're more than ten pandas on the hill,____?
4. Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, ____?
5. Don't look out of the window, ______?
6. I don't think you can answer this question,_____?
7. Let's ask our teacher for help, _____?
8. Everything goes well, _____?
9. She isn't the best one in the class, ______?
10. You like listening to soft music, ______?
Ⅳ. 肯定句与否定句相互转换
1. He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句) He ______ finished his homework ______.
2.Both of his parents were pleased with the result.(改为完全否定句) _____ pleased with the result.
3. Don't let him go boating today!(改为肯定句) _____ go boating today.
4. You'd better take it to your office.(改为否定句) You'd better_____ it to your office.
5.The children weren't playing on the playground.(改为肯定句) The children______ on the playground.
6. All of us want him to rest.(改为完全否定句) _____ of us ______ him to rest.
7. Mary does her homework on Sundays. ( 改为否定句) Mary ______ her homework on Sundays.
8. Meimei has to look after her little brother at weekends. (改为否定句)
Meimei______ to look after her little brother at weekends.
9. I think you are right.(改为否定句) I ______ think you ______ right.
10. She isn't going to wash anything on Sunday.(改为肯定句) She ______ going to wash ______ on Sunday.
Ⅴ. 简单句、并列句、复合句相互转换
1.The water was so dirty that we couldn't drink it.(改为简单句) The water was ______ dirty for us ______ drink.
2.Does the shop close at six every day?Do you know?(两句合并为一句)Do you know ___ the shop ___ at six every day?
3.The question isn't easy enough for them to answer.(改为复合句) The question is ______ that they ___ .
4. I really don't know which book I should choose.(改为简单句) I really don't know_____.
5. I don't know when we shall meet again. ( 改为简单句) I don't know when ______ again.
6.The man is very strong and he can carry the heavy bag. (改为简单句) The man is _______ to carry the heavy bag.
7."Does the girl need any help?" he asked me.(改为复合句) He asked me ______ the girl ______ some help.
8.I don't know what to do next.(改为复合句) I don't know what ______ next.
9.George has two cabbages. Mary has only one.(用比较级改写句子) George has ______ cabbages ______ Mary.
10.We won't have any lessons tomorrowbecause we'll have the sports meeting.(改为简单句)
We won't have any lessons tomorrow _____the sports meeting.
Ⅵ. 陈述句与感叹句相互转换
A.改为感叹句
1. The film is very interesting. ________ the film is!
2. English is very useful. _____ useful subject English is!
3. These flowers are so beautiful. ______ these flowers are!
4. The children are singing and dancing happily. ______ the children are singing and dancing!
5. They are running fast. ______they are running!
6. Her sister is a very lovely girl. (1) ______ lovely girl her sister is! (2) _____ her sister is !
B.改为陈述句
7. How beautiful these flowers are! ______ so beautiful flowers.
8. What a nice box it is! The box _____.
9. How brightyour dictionary is! Your dictionary is______.
10. How hard the workers are working! The workers are ______.
Ⅶ. 陈述句与祈使句相互转换
1.If you don't work hard, you won't pass the exam next time.(改为祈使句)
____, ______ you will fail the exam next time.
2. Don't make any noise.(改为陈述句) _____ make any noise.
3. Will you please read after me? (改为祈使句) ____________________________.
4. Don't look out of the window.(改为反意疑问句) Don't look out of the window , _____?
5. Tom is sitting on the desk.(改为否定祈使句) _____ on the desk, ______.
6. Don't let him go boating today? (改为肯定句) ______ go boating Today!
7. Do it like this, please.(改为否定句) ______ it like this, please.
8. Hurry up, and you'll catch the early bus.(改为陈述句) _____, you'll catch the early bus.
9. Let us go and see what has happened.(完成反意疑问句) Let us go and see what has happened,_____?
10.If you let him try and then he will know all about it.(改为祈使句) ______ ,______ he'll know all about it.
Ⅷ. 主动语态与被动语态相互转换
A.改为被动语态
1. We call maths the language of science. Maths _____the language of science.
2. Where did they plant trees? Where ______ trees ______?
3.The workers built the Green Great Wall across the northern part of the country.
The Green Great Wall ________ across the northern part of the country.
4. The teacher made the students copy the text. The students ______________ copy the text.
5. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _________ in Suzhou.
6.They built a bridge between the two islands lastyear. A bridge __________ between the two islands lastyear.
B.改为主动语态
7. A birthday party will be had tomorrow. We ______a birthday party tomorrow.
8.John was seen to cross the street just now by someone. Someone saw John _____the street just now.
9.Can another way be thought of to keep your wine or water warm?
Can ________ another way to keep your wine or water warm?
10.Too many trees are still being cut down in the USA. ___are still____ down too many trees in the USA.
Ⅸ. 对划线部分提问
1. Jim has stayed in the college for five years. ______ has Jim stayed in the college?
2. The twin brothers get on very well. _____ the twin brothers get on?
3. My foreign friends will arrive in half an hour. ______ will your foreign friends arrive?
4. The car near the river is mine. ______ is yours?
5. It's very wet and hot today. _____ the weather ______ today?
6. He is looking for a pair of black shoes. _____ is he ______?
7.He went to the station to meet the twins last Wednesday. ____ did he ____to the station to meet the twins?
8. Jack has been to Hong Kong only once. How ______ has Jack been to Hong Kong?
9. We have a class meeting once a week. ____________ have a class meeting.
10. They came to ask for help. ___ did they come ______?
中考句型转换专项练习
1.She doesn’t want to drink milk now. She doesn’t ______ ______ ______ milk now.
2.Florence Nightingale was a nurse. She came from a rich family.
Florence Nightingale was a nurse ______ _____ ____ ____.
Do you often dream? Do you often ____ _____ ______ ?
3. They told the boy not to pick flowers. They ______ the boy ______ ______ flowers.
4. It’s time for our lunch. It’s time for ______ ______ ______ lunch.
5. Don’t worry. I’ll look after your baby carefully. Don’t worry. I’ll _____ ______ ______ ______ your baby.
6. People in Japan eat a lot of fish. We eat a lot of fish, too. People in Japan eat a lot of fish. ______ _____ ______.
7. It may have different tastes. ______ it ______ different tastes.
8. All the other girls are standing behind the tallest one. The tallest girl is standing ____ _____ ____ ____ the line.
9. It takes about fifteen minutes on foot. It is about ______ ______ ______.
10. I didn’t have a rest. I went on writing. I went on writing ______ a rest.
11. How sweet her voice is! ______ ______ ______ ______ she has!
12. Beethoven didn’t say any more. Beethoven said ______ ______.
13. The man upstairs always dropped his shoes on the floor, so the man downstairs couldn’t get to sleep.
The man downstairs ____ _____ ____ get to sleep ______ the man upstairs didn’t put his shoes ____ on the floor.
14. I woke up very late this morning, so I was late for school. I ____ ____ up ___ ____ ____ get to school on time.
15. If you don’t study harder, you won’t catch up with the others. If you don’t study harder, ____ ____ ___ the others.
16. Lin Tao runs faster than the other two boys. Lin Tao runs ______ of the ______ boys.
17. He was surprised to find the girl was blind. _____ ______ ______, he _____ the girl was blind.
18. This kind of medicine is much too expensive for poor people. The poor people ___ ____ __ this kind of medicine.
19. He is sure to be on time. I’m sure ______ ______ ______ on time.
20. I bought this dictionary for 58 yuan. I ______ 58 yuan ______ this dictionary.
21. Mark Twain wrote the book. Mark Twain ______ ______ ______ of the book.
22. She isn’t free now. She’s at work. She is ______ ______.
23. What’s the matter with him? What’s ______ ______?
24. Everyone is healthy. ______ one is ______.
25. Maths is more difficult than physics. Physics is ____ difficult than maths. Physics isn’t ___ _____ ____ maths.
26. Do you have a favourite band? ______ ______ a band ______ ______ ______ ?
27. His first visit to China was in 2000. He ______ China ______ ______ ______ ______ in 20000.
28. I can help my father with the farm work, or my brother can help him with it.
______ my brother ______ I ______ ______ my father with the farm work.
29. What other things would you like? ______ ______ would you like?
30. We are all before you. You ______ ______ ______ all.
31. She sat nearest to the doctor’s door. ______ ______ sat ______ to the doctor’s door ______ she did. 32. Please stand in line. Please ______ ______ your ______. Don’t ______ ______ ______, please. 33. You mustn’t put the plastic bags here and there. You mustn’t ______ the plastic bags ______.
34. If you play football here, you may break the windows. ____ play football here, ____ you may break the windows.
35. It seems that our class is going to win. Our class ______ ______ ______.
36. My father is working here. My uncle is also working here. ____ my father ______ my uncle ____ ______ ______.
37. Jim doesn’t know how he can swim. Jim doesn’t know ______ ______ ______.
38. Hangzhou is very famous, because of its beautiful West Lake. Hangzhou is ____ ____ ___ beautiful West Lake.
39. The weather in England is never too cold or too hot.
The weather in English is ____________ ______ ______ ______ ______.
40. His job is to be an assistant in a shop. He ______ ______ ______ ______ in a shop.