アジャンター後期石窟における碑铭について

Bull. Nagoya Univ. Museum

No. 19, 73–86, 2003

The Inscriptions at Aja NTA Caves

FUKUYAMA Yasuko

Doctoral Course, Graduate School of Letters, Nagoya University

Abstract

a jaNTA caves are excavated into the face of rock façade sweeping around a semi-circular ravine with the Waghora river flowing below. The site was developed in two distinct phases. An early phase is datable from ca. 100 B.C.E to 100 C.E. After a period of inactivity, excavations resumed from the latter half of the 5th century under patronage.

My study will focus upon this second period exclusively. a jaNTA includes archaeological evidence in the form of architectural programs, sculptures, paintings and epigraphs, which have attracted the close scrutiny of generations of art-historians and scholars of Indian Buddhism. But a study on the relationship between the art and inscriptions has not been attempted. This article deals with the epigraphs surviving at a jaNTA which provide historical information about patronage and the genealogy of the V A k AT akas, donative practices and explanatory reference to artists and visitors, and discusses the correspondence between those inscriptions and a jaNTA art such as architecture, sculptures and paintings.

This article consists of three parts. The first chapter explores the interpretation of some words seen in the dedicatory inscriptions of programmatic caves comparing with usage in the Buddhist texts and the art of a jaNTA itself. The second chapter discusses the date and the purpose of painted inscriptions such as descriptive labels and didactic verses. In the third chapter, we will find that a significant proportion of a jaNTA’s intrusive donors are monastic. This chapter examines several epithets of monastic donors seen in the epigraphs and explores the relationship between those donors and donated images.

Daji, 1863; Burgess et al., 1975; Mirashi, 1963; 1979; 1998

Dehejia, 1992 (1) Mirashi, 1963

1998; Daji, 1863; Burgess et al., 1975; Mirashi, 1963 veßma ambumahånidhånam

suv¥thi Mirashi, 1963 suv¥thi Indraji, 1881 Burgess et al., 1883 v¥thi “Uttararåmåcarita” Monier-Williams, 1988suv¥thi

gandhaku†¥ muniråjacaitya

1998; Daji, 1863; Burgess et al., 1975; Mirashi, 1963 gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ muniråjacaitya gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥

gandhaku†¥ Fausböll, 1962 gandhaku†¥ Fausböll, 1962 gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ Norman, 1924; Walleser and Kopp, 1930 gandhaku†¥

gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ Vaidya, 1959 gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ Gnoli, 1978 (3)gandhaku†¥ m∑lagandhaku†¥

gandhaku†¥ gandhaku†¥ muniråjacaitya gandhaku†¥ muniråjacaitya tathågathacaitya gandhaku†¥ Dutt, 1984 (4) tathågathacaitya gandhaku†¥ Dutt, 1984 (5)

gandhaku†¥ muniråjacaitya gandhaku†¥ (16)

gandhaku†¥

1998; Daji, 1863; Burgess et al., 1975; Chakravarti, 1955 Spink, 1992(7) Burgess et al., 1975 (8) Gupta, 1991 k˚ Cohen, 1995

1998; Daji, 1863; Burgess et al., 1975; Chakravarti, 1955

51

Oldenberg, 19 skt.nabakammika (9)

Oldenberg, 19 (10)

vihårasvåmin

(11) 1998

Måthura vihårasvåmin vihårasvåmin vihårasvåmin vihårasvåmin¥ Fleet, 1970 (12) vihårasvåmin

dharmamahåmåtra vinayasthitisthåpaka Gokhale, 1983 vihårasvåmin vihårasvåmin 50 Abhisamåcårikå vihårasvåmin¥ Jinanda, 1969 (13) vihårasvåmin 1998 Abhisamåcårikå vihårasvåmin

1998 (14) (15)

(16)

1998 1998

1998 Schlingloff, 1988

1998 1998

Prinsep, 1836 (17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

ßåkya-upåsaka ßåkya-upåsika upåsaka (21) ßakyabhiksu bhadanta åcårya Mahåyåna Cetika ßåkya- Mahåyåna

ßåkyabhiksu ßåkyabik≈u paramopåsaka Schopen, 1979 (22) Sircar, 1966 Sarkar, 1966 ßåkyabik≈u ma[hå]yåna -yayina˙ aparaßaila ßåkyabik≈u ßåkyabik≈u ßåkyabik≈u

ßåkyabhiksu

(1)

(2)†ato bhagavån bahirvihårasya pådau prak≈ålya˚ijuµkåyaµpra∫idhåya pratimukhaµsm˚timupasthåpya

prajñapta evåsane niß∫∫å˙|yåvad bhagavatågandhakutyåµsåbhisaµskåraµpådo nyasta˙,ßa∂vikåra˙p˚thiv¥kampo jåta˙—iyaµmahåp˚thiv¨¥calati saµcalati saµpracalati|vyadhati pravyadhati saµpravyadhati|p∑rvadigbhåga unnamati,pa≈cimo vanamati|pa≈cima unnamati,p∑rva vanamati| dak≈i∫a unnamati,uttaro vanamati|uttara unnamati,dak≈ino vanamati|anta unnamati,madhyo vanamati|µadhya unnamati,anto vanamati|råjååyußmantaµp∑r∫aµp˚cchatiå—årya p∑r∫a,kimetat?

≈a kathayati mahåråja,bhagavatågandhaku†yåµsåbhisaµskåra˙pådo nyasta˙,tenaßa∂vikåra˙p˚thivikampo jåta˙|

(3)bhagavånåba:yadi trilayanaµkårayasi madhye gandhaku†i˙kårayitavyådvayo˙pårßayo˙dve layane;

evaµtrißåle nava layanåni;catu˙ßåle madhye dvåralo≈†hakåbhimukhaµgandhak†i˙;

dvårako≈†hakapårßvayor dve layane|(4)suvar∫a ca hiranyaµcånyacca k˚tåk˚taµtrayo bhågå˙kartavyå˙|eko buddhasya|dvit¥yo dharmasya|

t˚tiya˙saµghasya|yo buddhasya tena gandhaku†yåµke≈anakhast∑peßu ca kha∫∂acuttaµpratisaµskartasyam|

(5)yat tathågatacaitye vågandhakutyåµva chattraµvådhvajaµvåpatåkåvååbhara∫akaµva saµghena

pån¥yaµpåtavyam iti|upasthåyikena vikr¥ya,

(6)

(7)

(8)[cak]r[e] bhuva(m) st∑pavihårabhå≈a(m)

(9) (1999) 148-151

(10) (1999)169-173

(11)

(12) No. 1602

vihårasvåmin (1998), 681, 987 (13)e≈o bhk≈u˙upåsakåµvådånapat¥nåµvåvi˙årasvåmin¥µvåßabdåyituµkåmi bhavati nåpi k≈amati vå

atteti våbhadde[ti vå]|atha khalu upåsakaketti vådånapati tti våvihårasvåmini tti vaåßabbdåyitavyaµ| (14)tad bhavatu måtåpitros tåtåmbåyåßcågrånva[vå]ya-su ........ s sarvvasatvånåñcå[nu]ttarajñå∫åvåptaye|

1998: 361-362, 380

(15)

(16) vihårasvåmi vihårasvåmin

1998: 0-1

(17)Prinsep. J. (1836) Facsimiles of Various Ancient Inscriptions, Journal of the Asiastic Society of Bengal, 5,

560. årabhdavaµni≈kråmata yujyadhvaµbuddhaßåsane|dhunita m˚tyuna˙sainyaµna∂ågåraµiva kuñjara˙|| yo hy asmin dharmavinaye apramattaßcari≈yati|prahåya jåtisaµsåraµdu˙khasyåntaµkari≈yati|| (Cowell and Neil 1987: 300).

(18)…… [dasa]ratha [ma?]∫∂a∫a…… . (Chakravarti and Chhabra 1955: 111).

(19)

(20)

(21) [para]mopasaka

(Chakravarti 1946: 21

(22) 1952: 104-105

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