Fresh Start
Understanding and Learning
Overview
The first unit of the first book of our series meets students who have just entered college or university and are beginning a new phase in their lives. We hope that students will be able to talk about their expectations of their college experience, and they will be aware of the expectations their parents and their educators have of them.
Text A is a university president’s welcome speech, in which the president gives valuable guidance to and expresses expectations of freshman students.
Text B is a letter written by a father to his child who is about to start college, in which the father expresses his expectations of the child. We hope that the two texts will stimulate students to share their own expectations regarding their college experience; and we also hope the two texts will help students look from a new perspective at the expectations their educators and their parents have of them
Text A shows characteristics of a speech. Pronouns I, we and you are more frequently used than in other kinds of writing because the speaker is addressing the audience directly, hoping to motivate the audience and to gain their support and understanding. In a speech, the speaker can employ a variety of figures of speech to make his speech vivid and powerful, such as simile, metaphor, contrast, parallelism(排比), and repetition. A very common figure of speech is parallelism. In parallelism, coordinate ideas are arranged in words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs to emphasize and point out relations. In Text A, for example, the president uses many sentences of parallel structure. This makes his speech powerful, persuasive, and thought-provoking. It can even produce humorous effect as in the example: “You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally with doing your laundry!”
The most obvious feature of Text B is that it contains many imperative sentences, and these sentences tend to be brief. An imperative sentence advises, instructs, requests, or commands. It begins with a verb; the implied subject is you. In Text B, a father makes use of imperative sentences to give advice and instructions to his child who has just left home for college. For example: “Don’t be bound by what other people think.” “Pick friends who are genuine and sincere.” “Become the great thinker you were born to be.” In class the teacher can make the students compare the writing styles of Text A and Text B. Class activities may include pair work, group discussions, and mini-surveys about students’ high school experience, their families and friends, and their expectations of college life.
Section A
Toward a brighter future for all
Background information
1. American higher education
In the United States, students can choose to go to college after high school. (They can also choose to go straight to the workforce after high school.) They have the option of attending a two-year community college before applying to a four-year university. Admission to community college is easier, tuition is lower, and class sizes are often smaller than at a university. Community college students can earn an associate agree and transfer up to two years of course credits to a university.
College and university students need to pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Although admissions policies vary from one university to another, most determine admission based on several criteria, including a student’s high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test) or ACT (American College Testing) exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview with a representative from the admissions office.
Most students in the United States take the SAT Reasoning Test or the ACT during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to gain admission. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT tests critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills, The ACT tests English, mathematics, reading, science reasoning, and includes an optional writing test.
Extracurricular activities may include scholastic clubs, athletic teams, student government, and philanthropic clubs. Voluntary participation in these kinds of activities is an indication that a student has learned valuable life lessons, such as teamwork, leadership, or civic responsibility.
University students pursuing a bachelor’s degree are called “undergraduates”; students pursuing a master’s or doctoral degree are called “graduate students”. Most universities give under graduate students a liberal education, which means students are required to take courses across several disciplines before they specialize in a major field of study. Graduate and professional programs, such as medicine or law, are specialized. All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours before graduating.
Selection for admission to a graduate program is based on several criteria. These include completion of a bachelor’s degree, the student’s undergraduate coursework and GPA. Students are also expected to write an essay as part of their application or to submit a writing sample. Most master’s programs require students to have a minimum score on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tests verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills.
Students continue to take course at the graduate level. A final thesis is required for most master’s programs. Doctoral students take course until they have earned enough credit hours to attempt their qualifying examinations. These are usually taken over several days and often include a written and oral component. After doctoral students pass their qualifying exams, they are advanced to candidacy and can begin writing their dissertation. Before the degree is given, the completed dissertation must be orally defended before the candidate’s faculty committee.
2. Vera Wang
Vera Wang is a Chinese-American fashion designer. She was born and raised in New York City. While trained as a figure skater in high school, she eventually earned a degree in art history from Sarah Lawrence College in 1971. But a career in fashion was her dream. She worked as a senior fashion editor for Vogue magazine for 15 years. In 1985, she left vogue and joined Ralph Lauren as a design director for two years. In 1990, she opened her own design salon in New York, and featured her trademark bridal gowns. Wang has made wedding gowns for many celebrities and public figures, such as Jennifer Lopez (詹尼佛·洛佩兹), Sharon Stone (莎朗·斯通) and Chelsea Clinton (切尔西·克林顿).
Detailed study of the text
1. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents’ and teachers’ hard work.
★triumph: n. [C] an important victory or success after a difficult struggle (尤指苦战后获得的)胜利，成功，成就
Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young tennis player.
赢得冠军对这个年轻的网球运动员来说是很大的个人成就。
2. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible.
★pledge: vt. make a formal, usu. public, promise that you will do sth. 发誓；作保证
The new president pledged to cut taxes and increase employment.
新总统承诺要消减税收、就业。
n. [C] a series promise or agreement, esp. one made publicly or officially(尤指公开或正式作出的)誓言，誓约；保证
All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.
所有的候选人都保证如果他们当选，他们不会提高税收。
★rewarding: a. giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit 值得的；有意义的；有回报的
Our journey to the orphanage was a very rewarding experience.
我们的孤儿院之行非常有意义。
Word formation
形容词后缀-ing
1. -ing加在某些及物动词后，构成形容词，主要用于表示事物的性质或特征，或某物或某事给人的感觉、情感、印象等。这类词包括welcoming, charming, discouraging, disgusting, frightening, alarming, surprising等。 例如：
a welcoming smile 热情的微笑
a charming house on the outskirts of the town 在城镇郊外的一栋漂亮的房子
an alarming increase in housing prices 房价的惊人增长
A surprising number of men stay bachelors. 有相当多的男子仍然是单身。
2. –ing 加在不及物动词之后，构成形容词，表示某事或某人仍然处于某种状态。例如：
A recurring problem 反复出现的问题
his aging mother 他那日渐苍老的母亲
| He wore his hair in the prevailing fashion. 他的头发理的是当时流行的发型。 |
Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.
★remind sb. of sb./sth.
1) make sb. remember sb. that they know or sth. that happened in the past. 使某人想起某人或某事
The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico. 那首歌总让我想起我们在墨西哥的那次假期。
2) be very similar to sb. or sth. else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事
Nancy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah. 南希身材高挑，让我想起了我的表妹萨拉。
4. “Pose naturally,” Mom instructed us. (Para.2)
★pose: vi. sit or stand somewhere so that sb. can take a photograph of you or paint a picture of you(为照相或画像而)摆姿势
The leaders posed briefly for photographs before entering the conference room.
领导们进入会议室之前匆匆地摆个姿势拍照。
vt. create a difficult or dangerous situation造成，导致（困难或危险）
We are very glad to hear that the incident in the chemical plant poses no threat to the environment.
我们很高兴地得知化工厂的事故没有对环境造成危害。
5. You will miss your old routines and your parents’ reminders to work hard and attain your best. (Para.3)
Meaning: You will miss your usual life patterns and your parents’ reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can.
★routine: n. [C,U]your usual way of doing things, esp. when you do them in a fixed order at the same time 例行公事；常规；惯例
Arriving at the office at 8 a.m. and staying there until 5 p.m. has become my routine.
早上8点到办公室，一直呆到下午5点，这已经成了我的惯例
a. happening as a normal part of a job or process 常规的；例行的；惯常的
The problem was discovered during a routine check. 这个问题是在一次例行检查中发现的。
★reminder: n.[C] sth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的东西
The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite finished.
寒冷的天气提醒人们冬天还没有过去。
★attain: vt. (fml.) succeed in achieving sth. after trying for a long time 得到；获得；赢得
Not all athletes attain this standard of physical fitness. 并非所有的运动员都能达到这种身体素质水平。
6. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! (Para.3)
Meaning: Perhaps you were so happy that you cried because at last you finished high school, and perhaps your parents were so happy that they cried because eventually they wouldn’t have to do your laundry any more.
Note: Pay attention to the humor the president creates by contrasting the different responses from children and their parents—they all cried, but for different reasons!
★may have done sth.: used for talking about past possibilities
She might have changed her mind and decided not to come. 她可能已经改变了主意，决定不来了。
★finished: a.
1) (not before noun) no longer doing, dealing with, or using sth.结束了的
When you are finished with the book, give it back to me. 你看完这本书后就还给我。
2) (only before noun) fully and properly made or completed 完成了的
Joanna promised to send me the finished painting as soon as possible.乔安娜向我保证会尽快把完成的画作寄给我。
3)(not before noun) no longer successful, effective, or able to continue 没有希望的；完蛋了的
If Mom finds out that we lied to her, we are finished. 如果妈妈发现我们对他撒谎了，我们就完了。
Collocation
1. do 是最常见的表示“做”的动词， 说明某人进行某项行动、活动、或任务，常和事情或工作搭配。例如：
Today I have a lot of work to do.我今天有好多工作要做。
2. do 也常常和表示锻炼或劳动等方面的名词或动名词连用。例如：
| Do physical exercise/ the dishes / one’s cooking进行锻炼/洗碗/做饭 |
Meaning: But you should know that your future success can only be attained when it is built on a solid past.
★foundation: n. [C] the most basic part of sth. from which the rest of it develops基础
The course gives students a solid foundation in English writing skills. 这门课为学生的英语写作能力打下了坚实的基础。
8. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. (Para.4)
Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life.
9. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest—from the arts to science, to community service and so on. (Para.4)
Meaning beyond words: Here the president is introducing to students the many resources available on campus: interesting schoolmates, knowledgeable and helpful teachers, a big library, great sports equipment, various student organizations, etc. all these will help make students’ campus life colorful and fulfilling.
★resource: n.
1) [C] sth. you can use to help you to achieve sth., esp. in your work or study 资源
Museums are important resources for teaching history. 博物馆为历史教学提供重要资源来源。
2) [C, usu. pl.] things such as coal, trees, and oil that exist in nature and can be used by people 自然资源
Many of these countries are rich in natural resources such as iron and coal. 这些国家中有许多国家都拥有丰富的诸如铁和煤炭这样的自然资源。
★learned: a. (fml.) learned people have a lot of knowledge because they have read and studied a lot 有学问的，博学的
My advisor is a very learned person and she could answer any question I asked. 我的导师是一位非常博学的人，她能够回答我提出的任何问题。
★caring: a. thinking about what other people need or want and trying to help them 关心他人的；乐于助人的
The school aims to provide a caring environment for students. 学校旨在为学生提供一个充满关会的环境。
★faculty: n.
1）[U](AmE) all the teachers in a university, college, or school 全体教员
Both the faculty and students opposed the proposal to turn one of the playgrounds into a parking lot. 老师和学生都反对把其中一个运动场改为停车场的提议。
2）[C, usu.pl.] a natural physical or mental ability that most people have 天赋，能力，本领
She had her mental faculties even in her 90s.她九十多岁了，但仍然思维清晰。
★comprehensive: a. including many details or aspects of sth. 综合的；多方面的
This booklet offers a comprehensive guide to out goods and services. 这本小册子对我们的产品和服务提供了综合指南。
★facility: n.(-ies)[pl.] rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose（为某种目的而提供的）设施，设备
The hotel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities. 这家宾馆有室内游泳池和其它休闲设施。
★community: n.[C]
1) the people who live in the same area, town, etc.（同住一地的人所构成的）社区
The new arts center will serve the whole community.这个新的艺术中心将为整个社区服务。
2) a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc. 群体；团体
The conference will make further efforts to gain the support of different ethnic communities. 会议将进一步努力，以取得不同少数名族团体的支持。
10. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. (Para.4)
★explore:
vt. examine or discuss a subject, idea, etc. thoroughly 探讨，研究（主题、思想等）
We are exploring the possibility of taking legal action against the company. 我们正在探讨对这家公司采取法律行动的可能性。
v. travel around an area in order to learn about it or to search for sth. valuable such as oil 勘探；探测；考察
A group of experts have set out to explore for minerals in this area. 一组专家已经出发前往该地区勘探矿物。
11. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions.(Para.4)
Meaning: You will learn to manage with very little sleep, meet very interesting people, and find new interests.
★get by: have just enough of sth. such as money or knowledge so that you can do what you need to do 过活；过得去；勉强应付
I couldn’t possibly get by on $300 a month with everything so expensive.什么都很贵，一个月300美元我恐怕无法生活。
★on: prep.
1) eating or drinking a particular type of food or drink in order to stay alive 靠……生存
Using a cave as shelter, the man survived on wild berries and raw fish.这人以一个山洞作为避身之处，靠吃野果和生鱼活了下来。
2) using a particular type of fuel or electrical power in order to operate 靠……运行
Why can’t we make a car that runs on water? 我们为什么不能制造出靠水驱动的汽车呢？
★fascinating: a. making you very interested or attracted 吸引人的；迷人的；使人神魂颠倒的
He is such a great writer that his stories are always fascinating.他是个了不起的作家，他写的故事总是引人入胜。
★pursue: vt.
1) try to achieve sth. 追求；致力于
He wanted to pursue a bachelor’s degree after working for two years.他想工作两年以后再去读学士学位。
2）chase sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追赶；追逐
The police officer pursued the speeding car and eventually stopped it with the help of another police car.这名警官追赶一辆超速行驶的车，最终在另一辆警车的协助下，截下了那辆车。
★passion: n.
1) [C] a very strong liking for sth .强烈的爱好；热爱
Her lifelong passion for music began in childhood.她对音乐的毕生热爱始于孩提时代。
2）[C,U] a very strong belief or feeling about sth.强烈的情感；激情
The young man gave a speech with great passion and moved all those who were present.这个年轻人的演讲充满激情，感动了所有在场的人。
12. I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity. (Para.4)
Meaning: I want to encourage you to do all you can to take advantage of this special experience, and to use your energy and passion to gain rewards/good results from this chance.
★make the most of sth.: gain the greatest possible advantage from sth.最大限度地利用某物
Since the Internet is a very useful tool, we should make the most of it in our study.既然物联网是很有用的工具，我们就应该在学习中最大限度地利用它。
★unique: a.
1) very special, unusual, or good 特别的；极不寻常的；极好的
You will be given a unique opportunity to interview the CEO of the company.你将获得一个难得的机会去采访那家公司的首席执行官。
2) not the same as anything or anyone else不同的；独特的
Each person’s fingerprints are unique, so you won’t find two people with the same fingerprints.每个人的指纹都是不一样的，所以你找不到指纹相同的两个人。
★enthusiasm: n. [U] the feeling of being very interested in sth. or excited by it 热爱：热情：热心
His enthusiasm for music stayed strong throughout his life.他一生酷爱音乐。
★reap: vt. get sth. as a result of sth. you have done 收获；获得
We will certainly reap the rewards of this meaningful research.我们肯定会从这项有意义的研究中受益。
v. cut and gather a crop such as wheat 收割（庄稼）
It’s about time to reap the rice in the field.快到去地里收割稻子的时候了。
★benefit: n. [C,U] an advantage, improvement, or help that you get from sth.好处；益处；裨益
Regular exercise has many benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease.有规律的锻炼有很多好处，包括降低心脏病的发病风险。
vi. get help or an advantage from sth.受益；得到好处
The unemployed actually benefited most from these polices.实际上失业人员从这些中受益最大。
★reap the benefits of sth.: enjoy the advantage of sth.得享（某事物的）好处
The small town is still reaping the benefits years after the film was made there.那部电影在那里拍完了好几年后，这个小镇仍在受益。
★opportunity: n. [C,U] a chance to do sth. or an occasion when it is easy for you to do sth.机会；时机
There was an opportunity for her to further her study in the States, and she seized it.她有个机会到美国深造学习，她抓住了这个机会。
13. You may feel overwhelmed by the wealth of courses available to you. (Para.5)
Meaning: When facing the large number of courses that you can take at college, you may not know how to choose.
★overwhelm: vt. (usu. passive) exist in such great amounts that sb. or sth. cannot deal with them （数量大得）使无法对付
We were overwhelmed by the number of applications for this position.这个职位的求职申请多得让我们应接不暇。
★wealth: n. [U] a large supply of useful things 大量；众多；丰富
I was impressed by the wealth of choices available in college.大学里有这么多的选择，这让我印象深刻。
★available: a. (often after noun) able to be obtained, taken, or used 可获得的；可利用的；现成的
Organic food is now widely available in many stores.有机食品现在在很多商店都可以买到。
14. You will not be able to experience them all, but sample them widely! (Para. 5)
Meaning: You will not be able to take all the courses, but try as many different courses as possible to see what they are like.
★sample: vt.
1) try an activity, go to a place, etc. in order to see what it is like体验
He was excited to have the chance to sample the delights of country life.他为有机会去体验乡村生活的乐趣而感到兴奋。
2) test a small amount of sth. in order to get information about the whole thing 对…作抽样检验
The air is sampled to measure the effects of air pollution on the city’s population.对空气进行抽样检验，以检测空气污染对该城市人口的影响。
n. [C] a small part or amount of sth. that is examined in order to find out sth. about the whole 样本；样品；货样
The doctor took a blood sample to see if the patient was infected with the disease. 医生取了血样来检查病人是否感染了这种疾病。
15. Challenge yourself! (Para.5)
Meaning: Try taking some courses that may be difficult for you, so you can test your skills or abilities.
★challenge: vt. test the skills or abilities of sb. or sth.考验……的技术/能力；激发；激励
The work is too easy. The students are not being challenged enough.作业太简单，没有让学生得到充分发挥。
16．Don’t assume that you know in advance what fields will interest you the most. (Para. 5)
Meaning: Don’t think that you already know what fields will be most interesting to you.
assume: vt . think that sth. is true, although you do not have definite proof 假定；假设；认为
I assume that every college student has access to the internet.我以为每个大学生都可以使用互联网。
Usage NOTE
assume, suppose
1 assume指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或，含有较强的武断成分。凡肯定与事实或不同的情况下，一般用assume。例如：
Some people assume that there is life on the other planets when they see UFOs.有些人看到了不明飞行物就想当然地推测其他的行星上有生命。
2 suppose表示有一定根据的猜想。在口语短语中，I suppose和I guess 用法相同，但suppose更常见于英国英语，guess更常见于美国英语。例如：
| I suppose he left home at a very young age. 我猜他很年轻的时候就离开家了。 |
Details of the meeting had been given to the public in advance.会议的详细内容在会前已经公之于众了。
17 You will not only emerge as a more broadly educated person, but you will also stand a better chance of discovering an unsuspected passion that will help to shape your future.(Para.5)
Meaning: You will not only grow and develop into a more broadly educated person, but you will also be more likely to find a passion you don’t know you have, which will help you to shape your future.
emerge: vi.
1) appear or become recognized 出现；为……所公认
No new leader has emerged to take his place. 还没有新领导来接替他。
2) come out of sth. or out from behind sth.出现；露出
The sun emerged from behind the clouds.太阳从云层后面露出脸来。
| Note When in college, the student is accumulating a variety of experiences. In essence he is growing and developing. At the end of this experience, the student will emerge, like the caterpillar(毛虫)that undergoes metamorphosis(蜕变).While emerge may not literally mean “evolve”, there is a feeling or sense of “evolving” here. |
Do they stand any chance of winning against France in the soccer game? 他们有希望在这次足球比赛中战胜法国队吗？
unsuspected: a. existing without your knowledge 未知的；未被想到的
A previously unsuspected bone disease caused his disability.一种前所未闻的骨头疾病导致了他的残疾。
Word formation Note
形容词后缀-ed
1. -ed 加在某些及物动词之后构成形容词，表示某人已受到……的影响/干预等。例如：
I was frustrated.我感到懊恼。
a group of very excited children 一群非常兴奋的孩子
I got bored with my job.我对工作感到厌倦了。
2. -ed 加在少数不及物动词之后构成形容词，表示该动作已经完成。例如：
a retired teacher 一位退了休的老师
My yard is covered with fallen leaves.我家的院子里铺满了落叶。
3. 后缀-ed和后缀-ing的不同
以后缀-ed结尾的形容词（如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等）通常用于说明人的心理或精神状态；若修饰事物，则多为air（神态），appearance, cry, face, voice, mood等显示某人情感状况的名词。
以后缀-ing结尾的形容词（如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, pleasing, surprising, worrying等）主要用于说明事物的性质或特征；若用于形容人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。例如：
He is frightened.他很害怕。
He is frightening.他很吓人。
He has a frightened look on his face.他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face.他脸上的神情很吓人。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
| I read an interesting expression on his face.他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。 |
Meaning: A very good example to show the importance of trying something you have never tried before is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who at first studied art history.
Meaning beyond words: Here the president is citing Vera Wang as an example to show the importance of trying something new and challenging yourself, which may bring about unexpected benefits.
19. Over time, Wang paired her studies in art history with her love of fashion and turned it into a passion for design, which made her a famous designer around the word. (Para. 5)
Meaning: Gradually, Wang combined her studies in art history with her love of fashion and developed it into a passion for design, which made her a famous designer around the world.
over time: gradually 逐渐地；慢慢地
For good or bad , things will change over time. 不管是好是坏，事情慢慢都是要变的。
★pair: vt. put two people or things together 使成对；配对
You wil look wonderful if you pair this dress with high heels. 要是用高跟鞋来配这条连衣裙，你看上去就棒极了。
★turn (sb./sth.) into sth.: become sth. different, or make sb. or sth. do this(使某人/某物)变成
Hollywood discovered her and turned her into a star.好莱坞发现了她，并把她变成了明星。
20. Here at the university, it may not always be pleasant to have so many new experiences all at once. (Para. 6)
★all at once:
1) at the same time 同时
She had two projects at hand, three classes to teach, and a baby to take care of all at once. 他同时有两个项目要做，三个班级要教，还有一个婴儿要照顾。
2) suddenly and unexpectedly 一下子；突然
All at once there was a loud banging on the door. 突然传来重重的敲门声。
21. In your dorm, the student next door may repeatedly play the one song, which gives you a giant headache!(Para. 6)
★giant: a. (only before noun) extremely big, and much bigger than other things of the same type 巨大的；特大的
The company I am working for is a giant electronics company. 我现在工作的公司是家规模超大的电子产品公司。
22. You may be an early bird while your roommate is a night owl!(Para.6)
★early bird: n. [C](infml.)
1) sb. who gets up early in the morning早起的人
My mom is an early bird—she always gets up at 5 in the morning.我妈妈喜欢早起，她总是早上5点就起床。
2) sb.who arrives somewhere or does sth. before other people do 早到的人，捷足先登者
Go down to the store as early as you can because it is the early bird that catches the worm. If you get there after 10 o’clock, the best stuff will have been sold out. 你要尽可能早点去这家商店，捷足先登嘛。要是你十点钟之后才赶到，好东西可就都卖完了。
★night owl: n. [C](infml.) sb. who enjoys going out at night or does not go to bed until it is late 夜猫子；惯于晚睡得人
He is indeed a night owl; he never goes to sleep before midnight.他是个真正的夜猫子，从来不在半夜之前睡觉。
Sentence structure NOTE
句中while 用作并列连词。用作并列连词时，while有两个意思，一是表示“但是；而”，表示两种情况之间的差别。例如：
I like the mountains while my little sister prefers the seaside. 我喜欢山，而我妹妹喜欢海滨。
while 的另一个意思是“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。例如:
| while there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty.虽然没有确凿的证据，大多数人还是认为他有罪。 |
Meaning: Don’t worry if you don’t feel very happy with some of your new experiences. I promise you that there will be more happy experiences than unpleasant ones.
★outweigh: vt. be more important or valuable than sth. else 比……更重要；比……更有价值
The advantages of the new policy outweigh the disadvantages. 这项新利大于弊。
24. And I promise that virtually all of them will provide you with valuable lessons which will enrich your life. (Para.6)
Meaning: And I promise that almost all of your experiences, pleasant or unpleasant, will give you valuable lessons that will make your life better and more enjoyable.
★ virtual: a. (only before noun)
1) almost the same as the thing that is mentioned 几乎相同的；实质上的
When her husband had a stroke, she was given virtual control of the business.她丈夫中风之后，生意几乎全部交给她掌管
2) made, done, seen, etc. on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world 虚拟 的；模拟的
New technology has enabled the development of an online “vietual library”.新技术已使在线“虚拟图书馆”的发展成为可能。
★virtually: ad.
1) almost实际上；几乎；差不多
The small village was virtually empty since most people moved to the city to work. 由于大多数人到城里工作去了，这个小村庄几乎都空了。
2) on a computer, rather than in the real world 虚拟地；模拟地
★enrich: vt. improve the quality of sth. esp. by adding things to it 使丰富；充实；强化
Education can enrich and improve your quality of life.教育可以充实你的生活，并提高你的生活质量。
25. So, with a glow in your eye and a song in your heart, step forward to meet these new experiences! (Para.6)
Meaning: Therefore, with the excitement and enthusiasm that I know you must have in your heart, I encourage you to go forward from here and face this new part of your life!
Note Here the president is speaking figuratively.The expression a glow in your eye and a song in your heart implies the excitement and enthusiasm of the students.
★glow: n. [sing.]
1) a strong pleasant feeling (某种)强烈的情感
Upon hearing what Anne said, she felt a warm glow deep inside .听到安的一番话，她内心深处感到一阵暖流流过。
2) a soft steady light 柔和稳定的光
He turned on the table lamp and the room was filled with a soft glow .他打开台灯，房间里充满了柔和稳定的光。
vi. produce or reflect a soft steady light 发出柔和稳定的光
The tip of his cigarette was glowing in the dark. 他的烟头在黑暗中闪烁着。
26. We have confidence that your journey toward self-discovery and your progress toward finding your own passion will yield more than personal advancement. (Para.7)
Meaning: We firmly believe that this educational process will help you learn a great deal about yourself. And it will help you find your own passion. This will not only bring about personal advancement, such as a prestigious job and better position, but also help you become a complete person.
★confidence: n. [U]
1) The belief that sb. or sth. is good and that you can trust them 信心；信赖；信任
Public confidence in the government is at an all-time high.公众对的信心达到历史最高水平。
2) the belief that you are able to do things well 自信心
He gained confidence in his abilities after he passed the difficult exam.通过那次艰难的考试后，他对自己的能力更加有信心了。
★yield: vt.
1) produce a result, answer, or piece of information 产生（结果等）
Our research has only recently begun to yield important results.我们的研究最近才取得重要的成果。
2) produce crops, profits, etc.出产；产生
The tourist industry yielded an estimated ＄20 million for the area last year.去年旅游业为这一地区带来了估计两千万美元的收益。
vi. finally agree to do what sb. else wants you to do 屈从；让步
The hijackers finally yielded to demands to release the passengers .劫机者最终同意了释放乘客的要求。
★advancement: [C,U](fml.) progress or development in your job, level of knowledge, ect.进步；进展
There is plenty of room for personal advancement within the company.该公司内部有足够的晋升空间。
NOTE Advancement is like getting a raise or a better title. But college education enables one to do more than that; it is about becoming a complete person.
27. We believe that as you become members of our community of scholars, you will soon come to recognize that with the abundant opportunities for self-enrichment provided by the university, there also come responsibilities.(Para.7)
Meaning: We believe that once you join our group of scholars, you will soon come to realize that the university offers you so many chances for personal development, there come duties as well.
Meaning beyond words: After elaborating on all the opportunities and benefits that a university education is to bring to students, the president is coming to another topic: responsibilities that students are to take.
★abundant: a.(fml.) existing or available in large quantities大量的；丰富的；充裕的
The country has an abundant supply of natural gas.这个国家有充足的天然气供应。
★responsibility: n.
1) [C] sth. that you ought to do because it is morally or socially right (社会、道德)责任，义务
What is the individual’s responsibility to others in modern society? 现代社会中，个人对他人的责任是什么？
2) [U]a duty to be in charge of sb. or sth., so that you make decisions and can be blamed if sth. bad happens责任
Don’t worry. If anything goes wrong, I’ll take full responsibility.没关系，出了问题我会负全责的。
3) [C] sth. that you must do as part of your job or duty职责；任务；义务
Being the manager of this project, he has many responsibilities on his shoulders.作为该项目的经理，他肩负着很多职责。
28. A wise man said that: “Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.”(Para.7)
Meaning: A wise man said that education is truly the spirit and heart of a society because it passes from generation to generation.
simply: ad. used to emphasize what you are saying实在；根本；简直
He simply won’t accept the committee’s decision.他根本不会接受委员会的决定。
29. You are the inheritors of the hard work of you families and the hard work of many countless others who came before you. They built and transmitted the knowledge you will need to succeed.(Para.7)
Meaning: You inherit the fruit of the hard work of your families and of many other people who were before you. They built and passed on to you the knowledge which you will need in order to succeed.
★inherit: vt. receive a belief, tradition, or way of life from people who lived before you沿袭，秉承（信仰，传统或生活方式）
Many countries have inherited traditions of public service.许多国家沿袭了公共服务的传统。
v. receive property or money from sb. Who has died继承（财产）
He inherited a fortune from his grandmother, so he bought a huge house.他从祖母那里继承了一大笔遗产，所以他买了一个大房子。
★inheritor: n. [C]
1) sb. who follows an established way of life or thinking(生活或思想方式的)后继者，继承人
We are the inheritors of a great cultural tradition.我们是一个伟大文化传统的继承者。
2) sb. who receivers money, property, ect. from sb. who has just died遗产继承人
He was the only inheritor of his uncle’s property .他是他叔叔财产的唯一继承人。
★transmit: vt. (fml.) send or pass sth. from one person, place or thing to another传送；传递；传播
In the past, a teacher’s main responsibility was to transmit knowledge to students.过去，教师的主要责任是把知识传递给学生。
30. Now it is your turn. (Para.7)
Meaning: Now it is time for you to acquire knowledge and pass it on.
31. What knowledge will you acquire? (Para.7)
★acquire: vt.
1) gain knowledge or learn a skill学到，获得（知识、技能）
She acquired a good knowledge of Chinese.她汉语学的很好。
2) get or gain sth.取得，获得
We should acquire more first-hand information.我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。
3) obtain sth. by buying it or being given it 购得；得到
She hoped to acquire valuable works of art as cheaply as possible.她希望以尽可能低的价格买到有价值的艺术品。
Collocation NOTE
| 有的学生用learn knowledge来表示“学习知识”，但是这个搭配在英语中是错误的，正确的表达应当是acquire knowledge。其他可以和knowledge搭配的动词还有gain, absorb, build up, accumulate, use, apply, possess, develop等。 |
1 acquire多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识等，也可用于表示获得财物。该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。acquire常与ability, education, knowledge, fortune, information, habit等词以及与其词义相近的词汇搭配使用。例如：
We want people to acquire the habit of using public transportation.我们希望人们养成使用公共交通的习惯。
2 attain是正式用于词汇，指经过不懈的努力取得结果，常用语表示达到某一目标。Attain常与level, standard, goal, target, position, perfection, proficiency, excellence, fitness, mastery, maturity等词以及与其词义相近的词汇搭配使用。例如；
| The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。 |
★prosperous: a. (fml.) rich and successful富裕的；繁荣的；兴旺的
Sales have grown fastest in the more prosperous areas of the south.销售额在南部较富裕地区增长最快。
33. We take great pleasure in opening the door to this great step in you journey. We take delight in the many opportunities which you will find, and in the responsibilities that you will carry as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world.(Para.8)
Meaning: We are very happy to open the door to this next great step in your journey. We are delighted that you will find many different opportunities and many responsibilities，which you will shoulder as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world.
★take pleasure in (doing )sth.: enjoy (doing) sth. very much乐于做某事
He took great pleasure in his work.他从工作中得到了很大的乐趣。
★open the door to sth.: make an opportunity for sth. to happen 给…以机会；给…敞开方便之门
Research on genes should open the door to new medical treatments.基因研究应该会为新医疗方法的诞生创造机会。
★take delight in (doing) sth.: enjoy (doing) sth. very much 以（做）某事为乐
I take delight in warm sunshine .我喜欢享受温暖的阳光。
Structure analysis and writing
For structure analysis, there are two levels in the Teacher’s Book. The first level focuses on the typical writing skill of the text while the second level provides additional analysis of the whole text structure to meet teaching needs.
The first level of structure analysis in Book 1 focuses on the paragraph level. One paragraph (or paragraphs) from Text A has been chosen to be analyzed as a model for students. Another paragraph (or paragraphs) of similar structure has been chosen to be analyzed by students themselves .
A paragraph with a topic sentence supported by details
A paragraph is a series of sentences which are organized in a coherent way and are related to a single topic. A good paragraph should have a topic sentence and some specific details to support the main idea expressed in the topic sentence. Sometimes a paragraph also has a concluding sentence to summarize the paragraph or leave the reader with something to think about.
The topic sentence presents the topic or the main idea of the paragraph. It should be a statement and should not be too general or too specific.
Specific details should be organized in a coherent way so that the reader can move smoothly from one piece of information to the next.
Unit 1 focuses on a paragraph with a topic sentence supported by specific details. Please note that a topic sentence is sometimes called a general statement.
In paragraph 4 of Text A, the topic sentence is the first sentence. Then specific details are presented to explain the topic sentence, i.e. the reasons why the next four years will be different. Finally, the paragraph ends with a concluding sentence to call for action from students. The concluding sentence will make students think and respond to the president’s call.
After studying the model provided in the Student’s Book, ask students to analyze another paragraph of similar pattern.
Analysis of the whole text structure
Text A is a welcome speech delivered by a university president to college freshman students. The president urges students to take full advantage of the unique opportunity, to challenge themselves, and to face new exciting experiences so that they will reap the benefits of their college years. The president also expresses the university’s expectations of its students and of the responsibilities they carry. The text has three parts.
Part One consists of the first three paragraphs. The president congratulates students on their achievement(para.1), uses an anecdote of his own to show the beginning of his college life (para. 2), and reminds students of the fact that their current success was due to their future success is built on a solid foundation of the past (para.3).
Part Two is the major part of the text .It is made up of four paragraphs from Paragraph 4 to Paragraph 7. In this part the president offers students comprehensive advice on how to make the most of their four college years. He also makes then realize the university’s expectations and their own responsibilities.
Paragraph 4 focuses on advising students to make the most of what they have. College years will be different from other times; students have great resources as well as freedom to explore new subjects and pursue new passions. The president encourages students to take advantage of this unique experience, and to use their energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.
Paragraph 5 explains why students should challenge themselves. College offers a wealth of courses. Students should sample new subjects and try something new to broaden the range of their interests. Vera Wang is cited as a successful example of challenging oneself.
Paragraph 6 tells students how to face new experiences at college. There will be many new experiences, some of which will be pleasant while others will not. But the pleasant experiences will outweigh the unpleasant ones. All experiences will become valuable lessons eventually. Students should get ready to face a new world and embrace new experiences.
Paragraph 7 discusses another important topic: opportunities and responsibilities. Students should understand the opportunities the university provides for them as well as their responsibilities to inherit the spirit of hard work and to acquire knowledge to pass on to the future generation.
Part three is paragraph 8. It asks students to cherish their opportunities and bear in mind the many responsibilities as citizens of their communities, as well as citizens of their country, and the world.
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