Contents
Explorer Training Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Explorer Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Data Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Explorer Training Manual Part One Workflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Session Manager Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Introduction to the Epos 3 Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Paradigm Name Service (PNS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
PNS Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Working with the Paradigm Name Server- An Example Workflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Practical Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Data Repository. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Well Data Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Step One: Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Starting the Session Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Creating a New Project and a New Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Step Two: Data Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Loading Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
3D Model Building for the floating_datum Horizon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Importing Well Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Importing Vertical Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Loading Fault Outlines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Loading SEG-Y Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Explorer Training Manual
This training manual is designed to lead you step-by-step through a procedure for 3D time to depth conversion. This conversion can be carried out in many ways depending on the data structure, available applications, or the personal preferences of the interpreter. The workflow described in this training manual is generic. The main goal is to introduce you to Paradigm’s Explorer applications and acquaint you with its flexible environment, so that later on you will be able to design your own time to depth conversion workflow based on the specific structure of your data and your own experience. The training manual starts with data loading, and walks you through data visualization and analysis to velocity preparation and depth conversion.The output is depth maps that are calibrated to wells.
At the end of the training manual there are examples of the workflows used for different data types. In addition, the appendixes cover Explorer applications and functionalities that were not included in the main workflow.
Y ou are guided through these exercises:
•Getting Started
•ASCII Data Loading
•Data Visualization and QC
•Data Preparation
•Depth Conversion for the First Horizon
•Depth Conversion for the Second Horizon
The data has been provided with Epos 3 SE, and can be found in:
T o provide you with more information,the training manual is linked to the Explorer online help.T o access the online help, copy the training manual file into the following directory: For more information, Paradigm’s Epos 3 SE Online Help offers detailed explanations regarding applications,icons and buttons,parameter settings,workflows,and technical information. 1.In the Epos 3 SE Online Help Menu, in the Visualization, Interpretation, and Earth Modeling category click on Explorer . The Explorer Help Menu opens. 2.Click the topic of interest. The help page opens. 3.In the bookmarks on the left side of the help page,click on the topic of interest.To view the list of subtopics, click the advance button next to the topic of interest. In the Explorer menu you can click on the to view menu options for the application.In the Epos 3SE Online Help Menu you can perform keyword searches across all of Epos 3 SE online help files using the Acrobat Search plug-in. Click the Search button and enter the keyword you want to find. * 2D/3D Post-stack based Velocity Estimation and Depth Imaging Product Explorer2D/3D is designed to allow interpreters to perform highly accurate time-to-depth conversions rapidly. Explorer inputs and integrates all seismic and well data relevant to time-to-depth conversion. It offers model-building approaches suitable for areas where velocity is controlled mostly by depth, age, lithology, or a combination of these factors. Explorer provides a wide variety of advanced, easy-to-use tools for data QC, problem analysis, and velocity and depth mapping. The Explorer workflow offers users an efficient strategy of velocity model building and time-to-depth conversion by providing: • A comprehensive database •Data QC and problem diagnostics •Data analysis and model representation •Seismic processing •Seismic interpretation •Velocity mapping •Depth conversion •Uncertainty assessment Explorer is a multi-domain,multi-data type system allowing you to load and work with different data types. The most important of these are time migrated, depth, interval velocity, average velocity, and RMS velocity.The naming convention of Explorer differentiates between the time and time migrated domains, and in most of the Explorer workflows you mainly use the time migrated domain. For definitions see “Appendix B: Glossary” on page91. General Information Epos 3 SE uses several Window/UNIX standards. Y ou multiselect options by pressing the Shift key while clicking MB1. Y ou multiselect noncontinuous options by pressing the Ctrl key while clicking MB1.Cancel closes dialog boxes.OK executes the action of the dialog box and closes it, whereas Apply is similar to OK, but keeps the dialog box open. The Mouse Fig.1 shows the functions associated with each of the three mouse buttons.Fig. 1left button MB1middle button MB2right button MB3 Open pull-down menus and windows. Activate buttons. Select a point on the display . Activate a process.Open a pop-up menu.Select items from a pop-up menu. Undo the selection of a segment. Open all levels within a selected folder. Windows Windows can include pull-down and pop-up menus, buttons, and dialog boxes. Fig. 2: Components of a window Window Title Bar (contains application name and survey name) Menu Bar contains Option menus Option Menus Click MB1 in the Menu Bar to open.Menu options followed by three dots indicates that selecting this option opens a dialog box. Click on an option to execute it.Menu options followed by an arrow indicates that it will open an additional option menu. Toolbar Buttons Click MB1 on a button to open a dialog box with corresponding options or to execute corresponding procedures. Click MB1to set cursor mode. Title Bar Contains information about panel content. A blue title bar indicates that this is the active panel. Click on the option to view other options.. Hide Show All Selected Hide All Selected Hide All Show All Unselect All Properties MB3 Menus Click MB3 on an item in a tree to access more options. Toggle button Toggle an option on or off. Dialog Box Tree List The Data Tree The data tree is a hierarchy of folders.At each level,folder s can be opened to reveal subsets of data. The lowest subset of data is represented by an icon specific to a type of data (picks,grids, etc.).The “open/close folder” toggles next to each level allow you to display or hide all the subsets of data in that level, either one by one (MB1), or all together (MB2 on a folder).Note:•Open folders to the lowest level to make sure you see all the data available. •Clicking MB2 on the highest level folder opens all the subsets under that folder. Clicking MB2 a second time closes all the subsets. •Clicking on a folder opens lower levels, but this is not a selection.•T o make a selection you must click on the name of the item. • Once selections are made, opening or closing a folder does not affect the selection. Y ou select an item in the Data T ree by clicking on its name.The name is highlighted in brown.T o cancel the selection, click on the highlighted name. The highlighting is removed. Y ou can select one folder at a time using [Ctrl]/MB1,or multi-select by dragging the cursor,or by clicking [Shift]/MB1on the first and last name of a consecutive list. Fig. 3: Data Tree Folder Click MB1 to open or close one level. Click MB2 to open or close all subsets under the folder. Closed folder Opened Folder Selected item The tutorial dataset is part of a 3D survey in southern Poland. It studies a well-imaged, complexly structured basement-cover unconformity which strongly influenced the location and geometry of superposed kilometer-scale contractional structures. See Fig. 4. Fig. 4 Six reflectors were selected for time-to-depth conversion, where Reflector 5 represents the basement unconformity. See Fig. 5. Fig. 5 Explorer Training Manual Part One Workflow Well Tops Time Maps Vertical Velocity Functions INPUT DATA Getting Started -Run PPM -Activate the license -Start Session Manager -Create a new project ASCII Data Loading -Load maps -Build FD 3D model -Load Well Markers -Load Vertical Functions Data Preparation and QC -Surface Table -Create seismic interval velocity maps Depth Conversion for First Horizon -Check the correlation between seismic Depth Conversion for Second Horizon -Check correlation between seismic Data Loading OUTPUT DATA Depth Maps calibrated to Wells -Create a new survey -Load Maps -Build floating datum model maps -Load Well Markers -Load Vertical Functions -Load SEG-Y Data -Well Marker assignment -Well Markers Table -File Manager -Map window -3D Canvas -Well Log window -Vertical Functions Depth Conversion for Horizons Three to Six velocity maps and well velocity markers -Map well velocity markers -Convert the time migrated map to depth velocity maps and well markers -Create an interval velocity map using the time migrated map -Scale the time migrated map to depth Scale the Seismic Cube to Depth -Convert horizon three to depth and adjusting to depth markers -Convert time migrated maps to depth for horizons four to six -Rebuild the interval velocity for the second horizon -Create an interval velocity volume -Perform QC in Volume Viewing -Scale the time migrated volume to depth -Perform QC in 3D Canvas -Load fault outlines Y ou use the Session Manager to run all Epos 3 SE applications. The Session Manager is also used to:•Create and open projects and surveys •Register projects, surveys, and well databases to a Paradigm Name Server •Set paths to CGM plot files location and tape devices •Copy and delete projects and surveys, and delete survey lines •Create surveys from VoxelGeo, GeoSec, SeisX, Focus, and third-party databases •Store and retrieve backup versions of the survey database file (Datastore.HDS) •Add plug-ins developed from OpenGeo API libraries •Access Epos 3 SE Online Help •Open a UNIX shell •Remove shared memory •Run the Tape Manager See Fig.6. For more information about the Session Manager see Epos3SE Online Help>Explorer > Getting Started >The Session Manager. Fig. 6: Paradigm’s Session Manager The applications you use in this tutorial are listed below.For other applications available in Explorer see “Appendix A: Explorer Applications” on page”. •The ASCII Import/Export utility is used for importing and exporting ASCII datafiles(picks, maps,contours,outlines,well markers and logs,culture data,and vertical functions).It is accessed from the Data Import/Export panel in the Session Manager’s Epos Utilities tab. •The Surface T able is used for viewing and editing the formation name,colors and pattern, and formation data such as interval velocity, gradient, and rock physics. Y ou can access the Surface Table from the Data Management panel in the Session Manager’s Epos Utilities tab.Y ou can also access the Surface T able from the Map,Velocity Navigator,and 3D Canvas windows. •The3D Canavs window in this tutorial is used only for3D display of the time workbench.•The Map window is used for grid creation and editing, as well as displaying information from the database such as well locations,culture data,shotlines, survey boundaries, outlines etc. The Map window is also used to launch different grid related applications such as map scaling, map to well calibration, map filtering, and extrapolation. It is accessed from the Session Manager’s workbench. •The Crossplot window enables you to plot two points at the same location in two datasets as one point.Y ou can crossplot between map and map,map and well markers,well marker and well marker, well log and seismic vertical functions, and vertical functions or logs for correlation. It is accessed from the Session Manager’s Accessories tab. •The Geostatistical Mapping application uses the interpolation method known as kriging to obtain the statistically optimal gridding of input data.Y ou can use information from different sources to obtain the best interpolation between input points. It is accessed from the Session Manager’s Accessories tab. •The Vertical Functions window is used for displaying and editing both seismic and well vertical velocity functions. It is accessed from the Session Manager’s Accessories tab. Fig. 7: Session Manager Accessories tab containing applications used in this tutorialIntroduction to the Epos 3 Environment Paradigm Name Service (PNS) A key element in the Epos3infrastructure is the Paradigm Name Service,known as the PNS. The PNS is an enhanced name service,and like most services,it is implemented as a server. A PNS server can be thought of as a directory assistant. It has two basic roles: —It maintains, shares, and provides applications with information about the services available.It is used by applications to obtain connections to other services,most often data servers, starting them if necessary. —It manages access control, licensing, starting, monitoring, and shutting down services.The PNS monitors the life cycle of services.It can initiate them and shut them down when they are no longer needed. It assures that the proper user rights and permissions are applied when accessing other services. The PNS is derived from a combination of generic services: Name, License, Life Cycle, and Security. For more information about the PNS Manager see Epos3SE Online Help>Online Help Menu > Paradigm Name Service (PNS). Fig. 8: Server relationships Note:: Optional items in Fig. 8 are framed with dashed lines.PNS Terminology Term Definition PNS Paradigm Name Service PNS server A daemon process contents list of all registered databases on a given subnet,it is responsible for the running and monitoring of all service servers. Service server Daemon processes launched and monitored by the PNS. HDS, the File Manager, and Well Servers are examples of services. PNS host A computer on which the PNS server is running. PNS study Any entity registered on the PNS.Seismic survey,project or well database are examples of a PNS study. Datastore A database type, meaning if it is an Epos 3 database, the datastore name is EposData 3.0, whereas for GeoFrame it will be GeoFrame4.02,etc.A datastore has a name(which means a type of database) and a version number. Data Model An interface for a data type operated by a specific application,such as Geolog wells or HDS data or seismic data managed by the Epos File Manager or seismic data managed by StratiMagic. For each data model there is a corresponding service server. Application client An application is what users run to do their work (for example Geolog6 or Stratimagic). Applications “know” the data model(s) they are designed to use. ID A unique ID given to a seismic survey or project, while registering on the PNS. The PNS requires a special installation by the user with superuser permissions. Once it is installed and is running properly,it does not need any special treatment,since it is a daemon process,that usually self-regenerates when it falls for any reason.It is a good idea for you to learn how to register and unregister studies on PNS servers. Working with the Paradigm Name Server- An Example Workflow What the User does.... 1.Open the seismic 3D survey named TEST in the Session Manager. The survey is registered on the PNS running on a computer called COCONUT. 2.In the Session Manager go to the Epos Utilities tab.In the Data Management panel select File Manager and see the list of seismic files. What the PNS does... The datastore for the survey is EposData3.0. Several data services are active for this survey: —PGDBhds (to work with data in the database file) —PGDBFileManager (to work with bulk data via the Epos File Manager) —CorSerSeismic (to be able to see its 3D seismic data in Stratimagic) In addition, a lock service is invoked each time an application reads/writes from/to database/bulk data. When you click the Open button in the Session Manager,an application sends a request to a PNS server to get a list of all available studies.This can be a PNS server running on: — a host selected in the Session Manager > Customize > Environment > PNS Host as Active—the current host —thefirst PNS host which responded after an application broadcasted the request on the subnet,if none of the above is available.Each PNS host sees all other PNS hosts on the subnet. Therefore, via a PNS server that has answered, an application gets a list of all studies registered on all visible PNS hosts on the subnet.Notice that the survey name appears in that list as registered studies appear in all lists and titles in this format. After you select TEST@COCONUT from the list,the PNS invokes the lock service which locks the database while the Session Manager reads some information from it. When you click on the File Manager,the service server PGDBFileManager is invoked to provide information about bulk data for this survey. Practical Tips 1.The static table lookup for host names /etc/hosts should be set with real IP addresses assigned to the host name,even if you work on a standalone machine,for example on your laptop.Otherwise you may not be able to work with the PNS and you may get these error messages while trying to open or register a study on PNS: —The StudyList is unable to connect to a PNS server —Caught a system exception while getting study list —Can not connect to HDS service This is especially important for Linux, which by default sets the table to: 127.0.0.1 It should be changed to: 127.0.0.1 2.Service servers run on the PNS host where the study is registered, regardless of where the data is located. This means, that if the survey is registered on a remote PNS, it may slow down the data access, even if the data is located locally. 3.If one of the PNS servers on the subnet is down or problematic, it is useful to specify the active PNS host by selecting Session Manager > Customize > Environment > PNS Host to avoid the possibility of connection to this 'bad' host. 4.Y ou can work simultaneously on the same computer with different surveys having the same name,by registering them on different PNS hosts(one computer can host one PNS). 5.After registering seismic surveys and Epos projects get a unique ID.If you manually copied a study directory(survey,well d b etc.)from another computer,and want now to register it to a new PNS, remove the ID from the survey/project database directory. However if you remove the ID for the registered survey,you will not be able to open it in Epos3software until you remove it from the PNS and then reregister it. Data Repository Projects An Epos 3project allows you to work simultaneously with multiple seismic surveys of different geometry, including 2D and 3D surveys and Epos 3 well databases. A project contains the database located at the project database path,and a bulk directory located at the project bulk data paths. See Fig. 9 and Fig.10. Fig. 9: The Project Database Path/ Fig. 10: Project Bulk Data Directory Bulk data in a project can be distributed between several locations.For each location you can specify how much disk space you want to leave free on this disk and/or the maximum size of the file created on this disk. If the file is bigger than a specified amount, it will be distributed between all available disks. Project Database Path/ (survey-user customization and preference files)surv-us_cust_surv-us_set_(survey customization surv_cust_and preference files) DataPath.list (list of Data Paths) ** represents many directories and files.map/Project Bulk Data Paths/survey/ geocellular model/ grids models Fig. 11 Important Facts about a Project 1.Y ou can store in a project any interpretation data such as:picks,grids,slices,geocellular models, or T-surface models. 2.Project geometry does not contain3D volume concept(inline/crossline),nor2D shotlines. As a result: —The project geometry boundary cannot be rotated. —Y ou cannot have any 2D or 3D seismic data in the project. 3.Y ou can only work with well data when it is in a project. Surveys do not contain well data. 4.Y ou can have the same well database or survey attached to more than one project simultaneously. Surveys Surveys are the data repository that enable you to work with all types of seismic related data. Surveys can be 2D that contain multiple 2D shotlines, or 3D that contain a system of inlines and crosslines. Geometry: A 2D survey outer box is always x/y oriented and cannot be rotated, regardless of the directions of its shotlines. 2D shotlines, however can have any geometry, including crooked lines, negative increments etc. A 3D survey outer box is oriented by its inline/xlines and therefore can be rotated. Inline/xline increments cannot be negative. Each survey contains a database under the survey database path, and bulk data under bulk data paths. Bulk data paths are defined and managed the same as for a project. Fig.12:The survey database/ Fig. 13: Bulk data paths Datastore.HDS DataPath.list FileTable.tbl / /CRPM /g_VN /GVA /... /MDS LineNames.list (list of lines in survey)(survey-user customization Focus.link Datastore.HDS * /Datastore.lock Pref * For 3D surveys created from Focus projects with multiple geometry .and preference files) Survey Database Path/ ** represents many directories and files. /survey / •Culture •Contours •Outlines •Picks (horizon multi-value, fault, velocity and attribute picks, 2D model picks) •Vertical functions •Mute lines •Fault markers •Penetration points For more information about survey database structure see Epos 3 Online Help > Explorer > Getting Started > Epos Framework > Epos 3 Survey Structure Well Data Repository The Epos 3 well repository uses the Geolog well database to store and manage all well related information: logs, checkshots, well markers, well location etc. This database is designed for optimal efficiency and forflexible well data management,and for direct access to third party databases. Once registered on the PNS, the well database is available for all Epos 3 products, including Geolog or VoxelGeo, as well as for direct interaction with third party databases (GeoFrame, OpenWorks and Gocad), through the Epos well data servers, with no need to copy or reformat the data. Y ou can work with the well database alone (after registering it on the PNS) in Geolog. However, to apply any other Epos 3 functionality, you must attach your well database to a project. Note:You can work in the Well Log window with any well database registered on the PNS, however to launch the Well Log window you have to first open a project. If you want to use well data together with seismic data, you must also attach one of the seismic surveys to the same project. The Epos Well Database is composed of: 1.Well Lists, which is a list of wells you select from the Epos well database. They are identified by a user-defined name. Well lists can be created when you create a new well database or load the data to an existing one,or created in the Well Log,Velocity Navigator, Section, and AVO Inversion and Analysis windows. Well lists are saved in the well database and can be accessed by all users. Fig. 14: Well Lists 2.Wells, where every well is a separate file (see Fig.14). A well database can contain any number of wells. Each well contains a well header and any number of Well Log Sets.The well header is a special set which stores any number of well constants (well name,units, type, datum information, Kelly Bushing, etc.) and comments. Well log sets contain the logs and marker data.Each well log set contains well logs and/or markers having the same references. One very important concept to understand is well reference logs.The reference log is the z-axis, meaning True Vertical Depth or Measured Depth or Time. The reference logs can be represented as checkshots,time-depth pairs,or position logs (downhole trajectories or deviation logs). There are two types of well log sets: Aperiodic and Periodic. —Periodic Sets contain logs where the sampling rate of the reference log is regular.The sampling step in the measured logs can vary from that in the reference by multiples of the reference sampling rate (the sample rate in the reference log should be the smallest). The Start and End point for each log can also vary. —Aperiodic Sets contain logs which have the same Start and End values,and sampling rate as the Reference Log, which is not regular. Well markers are saved as aperiodic sets.Well 2Well 3Well 1Epos Well Database Well List AAA Well List BBB Well List CCC Well List DDD Well 1 Well 2Well 1Well 3 Well 4Well 3Well 5Well 6Well 4Well 5 *The same well can be included in more than one well list. Well 4Well 5Well 6 All Wells * Fig. 15: Well Log Set (Periodic): Reference Log is Measured Depth The name of each set describes the Kind of well logs it contains. For example, Wire sets contain Wireline Kind logs.The relationship between the set names and the Kinds is defined in the ASCII file and can be edited by the user. Examples of Kinds are Synthetic, Wireline,Zone, Pick, All, Checkshot, Position, Core, and Lithology. The Kinds are listed below according to the Kind Group in which they are located. •Well Logs —Synthetic —Wireline •Well Markers —Zone —Pick •Reference Sets —All -(All is simply a name - it does not mean that it contains all types of data.) —Checkshot —Position •Well Set Data —Core —Lithology —any other group not listed as belonging to the other Kinds.reference log calculated logs*(blue)measured logs (white)measured logs (white) Reference Sets is the only Kind that is used for domain conversion. Each Kind can have a number of well log sets assigned to it. See Fig.17. For more information about well logs and Kinds see Epos 3 Online Help > Explorer >Workbench > Well Log > Displaying Well Logs. Fig. 16: Schematic diagram of well data hierarchy in a Well Database Fig. 17: Well hierarchy including Kind Groups and Kinds Wire Logs Well Name Well Marker Sets Reference Sets Well Set Data Well Markers Logs used for Logs Well Log Sets Domain Conversion Well Database All Wells Well List Well Name Kind Groups Kinds Sets Logs Markers Well Name Well Log Well Marker Reference Sets Well Set Data Synthetic Wireline Zone All Checkshot Position Core Lithology, etc.Well Log Set Well Marker Set Reference Sets Non Reference Sets Logs Well Markers Logs Logs Pick Fig. 18: Well log data tree Host Name Well Database All Wells Well List Kind Group Kind Kind Group Kind Kind Well Log Set Log Reference Set Log Well Log Set Kind Group Log Well Marker Set Well Marker Attribute Logs Registered Host Well Marker Logs Well Marker Well Name s s Workflow Phase Shift Plus Correction (PS Phase Shift Plus Correction (PS Run Paradigm Product Manager Create a New Survey Step One Workflow (PPM) Activate Your License Start Paradigm Session Manager Create a New Project Tutorial Workflow Getting Started Depth Conversion for Data Loading Data Preparation and QC Depth Conversion for Second Horizon Scaling the seismic cube to depth First Horizon Depth Conversion for Horizons Three - Six Before you begin working in this tutorial, you: •Start the Session Manager —Select a license •Create a new project •Create a new survey Starting the Session Manager To select a license 1.Run the Paradigm Product Manager (PPM). Y ou have to run the PPM only thefirst time you begin to work in Epos3.If you continue to work with the same license, when you start your next working session you can proceed directly to the Session Manager. 2.If the Epos 3 startup directory is in your path, you can type PPM at the terminal prompt. Otherwise run PPM from system administrator to set your environment. The Paradigm Product Manager appears. See Fig. 19.Product Wheel Product Configuration Selected Products Fig. 19 On the left side is the selection wheel with all Paradigm product suites arranged by their part in the geoscience cycle. Each quarter of the wheel represents a different part. The products that are available in your license highlight in white,whereas the products that are not available are grayed out. In Fig. 19 note that Sysdrill and Workbench Simulation Interpret products are grayed out. 3.Click on Explorer in the green segment where Visualization, Interpretation and Earth Modelling products are located. In the Product Configuration section of the PPM all products and add-ons available for the Explorer product suite appear. See Fig. 20. Fig. 20 4.Click on the pulldown menu in the Product Configuration section to see all Explorer products as shown in Fig. 21. Fig. 21 Click here. Product Configuration Product Configuration 6.Under Stand-alone Add-ons select Map Geostatistics . Click on the Add to Settings button to select the license. Map Geostatistics now appears in the Default Settings field in the Selected Products section of the PPM. See Fig.22. Fig. 22 7.Click the Start Session button. This message appears. Click the select the the license. Add to Settings button to 8.Select Save and Start Session.The Paradigm Session Manager appears. It contains all the applications that belong to the products you selected. See Fig.23. 9.Close the PPM. Select File > Exit. Fig. 23: Paradigm Session Manager with Explorer Licensed productsCreating a New Project and a New Survey In this step you create a new project. Y ou have to create a new project because you will be working with well data in this tutorial. Note:In Epos 3 you create a project when you want to integrate seismic data, interpretation, grids from different seismic surveys, and well data into a single working area. An Epos 3 survey does not contain well data. Well data is stored independently in a well database and can be accessed only through a project. To create a new project 1.Click the Create New Project button or select File > New Project. 2.In the Create New Project dialog box: —Enter a project name, for example EXPLORER_TUT_proj. —Enter the database path or click the Browse button and select the database path. —Select a PNS host from the list. —Set Working Units to Metric. Remember that you cannot change the working units once defined. —Bulk Data Path:T oggle on User Defined. 3.Click OK. The Set Bulk Data Paths dialog box appears. Y ou set the paths for storing seismic, attribute, and map data in the Set Bulk Data Paths dialog box when you set up your survey or project. See“Data Repository” on page18. 4.Enter the data path.If you want to browse,select the data pathfield by clicking on the row number and then click on the Browse button. For more information about the Set Bulk Data Path dialog box see Epos3SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling > Project Manager > Creating Projects > Project Management Utilities > Editing Bulk Data Path. 5.Click the Check Paths button to verify that the path is entered correctly.Click OK. A directory named survey is created under this path if it does not already exist. In addition, under it the subdirectory EXPLORER_TUT_proj is created. The Project Manager appears after several seconds.Y ou use the Project Manager to edit project parameters, or to add or remove surveys and well databases to or from projects. For more information on using the Project Manager to create projects, see Epos 3 SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling >Project Manager. 6.Click the Save button. 1.In the Project Manager select File >New Survey. The Create New Survey dialog box appears. Note:The survey created by using the Project Manager is automatically assigned to the opened project. 2.Set parameters as shown and click OK. The New Survey geometry setting dialog box appears. 3.Set the parameters as follows: —Global (SRD): -290 This is land data with irregular topography, therefore the time data is displayed from SRD, and not from the surface, that is with static correction applied. (For more information about static correction see“T o load the data” on page46.)—Grid definition: Regular mode There are two ways to define 3D geometry: Regular which is by shooting direction,inline,crossline step,and coordinates of survey first inline/crossline intersection. 3 Points which is by defining inline, crossline and x, y for any 3 points in the survey. —Main Volume Grid: T race (Crossline) Spacing: 25 —Line (Inline) Spacing: 25 —Coordinates of First Inline and Crossline Intersection: x =4507124.5 y =5550175.5 Note:Observe that these are coordinates of the first inline and crossline in the survey, that is inline 16 and crossline 16, and not of inline 1 and crossline 1. —Inline range: 16 – 400, Step 1 —Crossline range: 16 – 400, Step 1 —Working Units: Metric Important! This is your last chance to change the units. Once you click Apply in this dialog box and the survey is created, you cannot change working units for the survey anymore.—Time Interval: 0 - 2996 —Shooting Direction (the deviation of inlines from North): 90o —Crossline Direction:+90o.This means that the crossline numbers will increase from left to right along the inline. The dialog box should look like Fig. 25. Fig. 25 4.Click Apply. The Manipulate Volume dialog box appears containing volume parameters for the new survey. 5.Set the minimum depth to be-300and make sure that the inline and crossline increment are both 1. See Fig. 26. Click OK. Fig. 26 Y ou next check that the boundaries and volume of the project are updated with the new survey parameters. Fig. 27 6.Click on the Surveys folder in the right part of the Project Manager as shown in Fig. 2 7. The folder opens showing the surveys included in the project See Fig. 28. Fig. 28 7.Click the Save Project button. The Project Info dialog box appears.Click here to see the surveys included in the project. Y ou next want to incorporate the survey boundaries and volume limits of the survey into the project. 8.Click Scan to extend the project bounding box to wrap survey boundaries. application creates a rectangular bounding box around all surveys and well databases. This also applies when a project contains one rotated 3D survey. 9.Click Get Ranges from Survey.The parameters are taken from all selected surveys in the project. In this tutorial there is only one 3D survey, however the parameters can be taken from several 3D surveys or 2D surveys, or a combination of 2D and 3D surveys.See Fig. 29. Fig. 29 10.Click OK. 11.Acknowledge the message that appears telling you that all the surfaces are successfully autoassigned. 12.Close the Project Manager. Select File > Exit. Assigning surfaces between a project and its surveys is very important. For more information see Epos 3 SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling > Surface Assignment. 3 SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling >Setting Up Surveys. Workflow Activate License Load ASCII Data to the Survey Load Maps Step Two Workflow Activate License Load ASCII Data to the Survey Build Floating Datum Model Maps Tutorial Workflow Getting Started Depth Conversion for Data Loading Data Preparation and QC Depth Conversion for Second Horizon Scaling the seismic cube to depth First Horizon Depth Conversion for Horizons Three - Six Activate License Load ASCII Data to the Survey Load SEG-Y Data Activate License Load ASCII Data to the Survey Load Well Markers Activate License Load ASCII Data to the Survey Load Vertical Functions Activate License Load ASCII Data to the Survey Load Fault Outlines In this step you load the following data into the project: —Maps —Well Markers —Vertical Functions —Fault Outlines Y ou also: —Buildfloating datum model maps Y ou then load: —SEG-Y data Overview Y ou use the ASCII Import/Export utility for loading ASCII data,such as picks,maps,outlines, well data, vertical velocity functions, contours, shotlines, and culture data.The ASCII Import/ Export utility enables you to import ASCII data into Epos3or export ASCII data from Epos3 to your hard disk for future use. When you import ASCII data, the data is stored in Epos 3 format in a specific survey database. If your ASCII file contains more than one type of data, you need to import each data type separately. In Epos 3 you also have other ways to load interpretation and well data from third party databases via the Paradigm ULA utility or by Geolog direct access. For more information on ASCII Import/Export,see Epos3SE Online Help>Explorer> Data Handling > Importing/Exporting ASCII Data. For more information on ASCII Import/Export data parameters and required import parameters and default formats, see Epos 3 SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling >ASCII Standard File Formats. For more information on ULA,see Epos3SE Online Help>Explorer>Data Handling> ULA Import/Export. Y ou can use either the SEG-Y Data Loading utility or the ULA Import/Export utility to load seismic, and attribute volumes and sections in Epos 3 SE. T asks 1, 2, 3, and 4 involve ASCII Data Loading. Task 5 guides you through SEG-Y Data Loading. Note:Tutorial data can be downloaded to a location other than the default one.Adjust the path as necessary. Loading Maps In this task you load the interpretation horizon maps and static correction map. To select the format and input files 1.In the Paradigm Session Manager go to the Epos Utilities tab.In the Data Import/Export panel select ASCII Import/Export.3D Fig. 30 2.In the Import/Export Data dialog box select: —Options:Import to Explorer_TUT3D@ Note:In this task you load the maps into the survey. Generally you can import the maps to either a survey or a project. However keep in mind that you cannot create your maps aligned to inlines or crosslines within the project. —Data Type: Maps —Format: Zmap —Automatic: T oggle on. Note:For some formats Automatic on-the-fly cutomization of the default format is allowed. In this case the parameters are read from the file sequentially and not from the specific location. For more information, see Epos 3 SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling > Importing/Exporting ASCII Data > Formats and Format Versions > The Automatic Option. 3.Click Select. 4.In the Select File dialog box select files from this data path: ../Epos3/data/EposDemoDataset/tape/EXPLORER_TUT_DATA/ZMAP_GRIDS If you have installed Epos 3 software for the first time with the SE installation the path to the data will be:Epos3/tape/EXPLORER_TUT_DATA/ Note:You can multiselect files for map data type only.5.Click OK. 6.Click Apply in the Import/Export Data dialog box. The Import Maps dialog box appears. For more information see Epos 3 SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling >Importing/Exporting SEG-Y Data >Overview. Then go to T opography. To load the data This survey is a land survey with irregular topography.All calculations in Epos3are performed from topography, when display in time is from Seismic Reference Datum (SRD). To perform the calculations correctly, you have to define Floating Datum, which is the smoothed version of topography in depth, and time static correction. The time correction (static correction) corresponds to the difference between Floating Datum and SRD in depth. Y ou next load the map of static corrections in time,and then calculate the Floating Datum map in depth using the static map and constant velocity. For more information on floating datum see Epos 3 SE Online Help > Explorer > Data Handling > Importing/Exporting SEG-Y Data >Overview. Then go to Topography > Seismic Datum. 1.In the Import Maps dialog box set: —Data Type: Time —Dataset: Interpretation —Assign the filename from the list to the horizon in your survey. T o do this click on the correct line from the Input File list, select the horizon from the horizon list, then click the Assign button at the right. —Select t60 in the Input File list and Floating Datum (the static correction map is also called Floating Datum) from the Horizon list. Click Assign. —Click Apply. After the map is loaded this message appears. 2.Click Acknowledged. This question appears. 3.Select No.Y ou do not need a part of the map that is outside the previously defined survey or project boundaries for this tutorial. Additional Information If you are loading a map that is bigger than the survey or project boundaries, you will be able to display the entire map.However all manipulations on or with this map will only use the part that is inside the boundaries of your survey or project.For a project or2D survey, you can automatically update the boundaries according to the map. However when working with a 3D survey you should manually update boundaries using the Survey Manager utility. 4.Deassign the file by clicking the Deassign All button. Note:If you have selected several files for import from different data types, always deassign files when switching domains to avoid confusion. 5.Y ou now load horizon interpretation maps. Assign files map1 through map6 to Time Migrated Interpretation horizons as follows: —map1 assign to Horizon 1 —map2 assign to Horizon 2 —map3 assign to Horizon 3 —map4 assign to Horizon 4—map5 assign to Horizon 5 —map6 assign to Horizon 6 Additional Information The names of the Horizons (Horizon1- Horizon6) are default horizon names. In“Step Three: Data Preparation and QC” on page93you learn how to change default horizon names. Y ou can also change the name of the horizon in this dialog box by entering a new one in the Horizon text field. Fig. 31: Assigning maps to horizons 6.Use the scrollbar to verify that all horizons are assigned properly. 7.Click Apply, then Acknowledge the message and click No to extend the project boundaries.Cancel the Import Maps dialog box. 8.Select File > Exit in the Import/Export data dialog box. 3D Model Building for the floating_datum Horizon Before you load the rest of the data, you have to build floating datum and time static correction 3D model maps for correct referencing of vertical functions and well data. Y ou calculate the floating datum map using the time static correction map and constant interval velocity. For a definition of3D model building and usage in the Explorer workflow,see“Creating a3D Model” on page125. To create statics and Floating Datum 3D model maps 1.In the Paradigm Session Manager go to the workbench and click on the Map icon. The Map window opens. 2.Select Mapping > 3D Model Builder.
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