小学名词讲解及练习

名词

一. 名词的意义和种类

1.名词意义: 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如：Shanghai, Lilei, desk

2.名词的种类：

A.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如：Jim, June, China, Harbin.

注意：(1)第一个字母要大写；(2)专有名词前不加冠词，也没有复数。

B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。

(1)个体名词：表单个的人或者事物。如：boy, teacher, apple…

(2)集体名词：表一群人或一些事物的总称。如：family, people, police, class…(3)物质名词：表无法分为个体的物质。如：water, money, sea…(4)抽象名词：表抽象概念的词。如：health, friendship…

二. 名词的数

A.可数名词（个体名词和集体名词）：有单复数之分

1.规则变化

2.不规则变化

a.常见的有：man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, child-children, woman-women, tooth-teeth…

b. 单复数同型: deer fish sheep Chinese Japanese

c. 有些名词通常只有复数形式，谓语动词也用复数，这些名词有：glasses, clothes, trousers…

d. 表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下：

(中日友好永不变) a Chinese---two Chinese; a Japanese--- four Japanese (英法联盟a 变e) an English--- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen

(其他后面加s)

a German---five Germans

B.不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）一般用单数形式。三.复合名词的复数变化规则

man 和woman 都要变，girl 和boy 却不变四.名词的格

A. 有生命的名词所有格：

1、名词＋’s 例：汤姆的姐姐Tom’s sister ；孩子们的书包 children’s schoolbags

情况构成读音

例词

一般的词＋s 浊辅音[z]清辅音[s] day-days desk-desks 以s, sh, ch, x 结尾＋es [iz]match-matches boss-bosses

以辅音＋y 结尾改y 为i ＋es [z]baby-babies fly-flies 以f/fe 结尾

改f 为v ＋es [z]wife-wives leaf-leaves 以辅音＋o 结尾＋es [z]potato-potatoes hero-heroes

但photo-photos

以元音＋o 结尾

＋s

[z]

radio-radios zoo-zoos

3、's 属格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示无生命的东西

如：

①：表示时间 a day's journey 一天的旅程

②：自然现象the moon's rays 月光

③：表国家，城市等实体the city's parks 城市的公园

④：表工作群时候the ship's crew 船上的工作人员

⑤：表示度量衡及价值 a mile's distance 一英里的距离

⑥：表示拟人化death's door 死亡之门

⑦：固定用法 a stone's throw 一箭之遥

B.无生命的名词所有格：一般用of短语构成词组。

如：①：用于无生命的东西the subject of the sentence 句子的主语

②：用于名词化的词the livelihood of the poor 穷人的生计

③：修饰语比较多的时候

the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat

老黑猫又长又美的尾巴

C.省略’s后的名词时，常代指“家、工作场所”，例：在诊所at the doctor’s, 在外婆家at my grandmother’s

D. 共有的格，后面名词＋’s：Joan和Jane的房间（共一间）Joan and Jane’s room

E.各有的格，每个名词＋’s：Joan和Jane的房间（每人一间）Joan’s and Jane’s rooms

F. 双重所有格，

a.在所属名词前有a/an, one, some, any, a few, this, my等冠词、代词、数词时，

常要用’s或名词性物主代词与“of词组+所有格”。例如：

例：我姐姐的一个朋友 a friend of my sister’s=one of my sister’s friends.

b. of 后面的名词必须是指人的名词。

例： a picture of my uncle 叔叔本人的照片

a picture of my uncle’s我叔叔的一张照片

（我叔叔所有照片中的一张，但不一定是他本人的照片）

如：①：表示部分a picture of Li's 李的一张照片

②：表示感情色彩the big nose of David's戴维的那个大鼻子

③：双重格与of 属格的不同

He is a friend of your husband's .他是你丈夫的一个朋友。

（强调你丈夫不止一个朋友）

He is a friend of your husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。

（强调他对你丈夫的友好）

★五.名词作主语时谓语动词数的变化一般情况下名词为单数，谓语动词则用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词则用复数．

看下面的特殊情况：

A. family, team, police, crowd, class等集体名词，

1.指一些人时，接谓语动词的复数形式：His family are having dinner.

2.作整体意义看待时，接谓语动词的单数形式: His family is a happy one.

B. 度量、距离、金额或时间等名词作主语时，接谓语动词的单数形式: Two days’ rest is not enough.

C. 用and连接两个以上的单数名词时，谓语动词要用复数。

如and连接的两个名词是指明同一个概念时谓语动词则用单数。

（1）The brother and sister are both students.

（2）The doctor and writer is going to give a speech.

D. 在there be, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…句型中，谓语动词采取就近原则。

例：Either you or he is going to buy the book.

【练习】

1．给出下列名词的复数形式。

1）piece shoe orange lake

2）bus fox glass wish

3）body city enemy baby

4）boy key holiday way

5）life leaf thief wife

6）zoo piano radio photo

7）tomato hero

8）tooth foot goose

9）man woman fisherman policeman

10）German Chinese Japanese child

roof chief sheep

11）man doctor woman driver

小六专题复习之名词

( )1. These__________ speak very good__________.

A、Germany, English

B、Germens, England

C、Germans, English

D、Germen, English

( )2. We can see__________ and __________in the Zoo.

A、hippos, kangaroos

B、hippoes, kangaroos

C、hippos, kangaroos

D、hippoes, kangaroos

( )3. Help yourself to some __________..

A、chickens and apples

B、chicken and apples

C、chickens and apple

D、chicken and apple

( )4. Some of them are__________.A、woman doctors

B、woman doctor

C、women doctors

D、women doctor ( )5. Joan is__________sister.

A、Mary and Jack

B、Mary’s and Jack’s

C、Mary’s and Jack

D、Mary and Jack’s ( )6.__________that pair of new__________ Mary’s?

A、Is, shoe

B、Are, shoe

C、Is, shoes

D、Are, shoes

( )7. March 8 is__________ Day.

A、Woman’s

B、Womans’

C、Woman of

D、Women’s

( )9. —What would you like to drink, girls?

—__________ , please.

A、Two cup of coffee

B、Two cups of coffees

C、Two cups of coffee

D、Two cup of coffees

( )10. There is __________in the bottle.

A、no any milk

B、not a milk

C、not any milk

D、no milks

( )11. Twelve __________were hurt, but no__________ were lost in that accident.

A、person, life

B、people, lives

C、peoples, lives

D、persons, life ( )12. Look, these__________ eating grass on the hill.

A、sheep is

B、sheeps is

C、sheep are

D、sheeps are

( )13. My father told me __________just now.

A、two piece of news

B、two pieces of new

C、two news

D、two pieces of newses

( )14.__________turn green in spring.

A、Leaf

B、Leaves

C、Leave

D、Leafs

( )15. He bought two__________ for our computers.

A、mouse

B、mice

C、mouses

D、mices

( )16. They come from different ______

A. country

B. countries

C. a country

D. countrys

( )17. There are some ______ in these _______.

A. knifes…pencil-boxes

B. knives…pencils-box

C. knives…pencil-box D .knives…pencils-boxes

( )18. ______ like ______ by air.

A. Greens, travelling

B. The Green, traveling

C. The Greens, travel

D. The Greens, traveling

( )19 There is no ______ in the plate.

A. apples

B. oranges

C. rice

D. eggs

( )20．are usually careful in doing exercises.

A、Girl students

B、Girls students

C、Girls’ students

D、Girl’s students

( )21.They are________

A、man doctor

B、men doctors

C、men doctor

D、man doctors( )22 Those white socks____small.

A、are

B、is

C、am

D、do

( )23How many_____do they have?

A、picture

B、pictures

C、a picture

( )24Tom and Jim are ___.

A、friends

B、friend

C、brother

D、sister

( )25 This is room.

A、Tom and Mary’s

B、Tom’s and Mary’s

C、Tom’s and Mary

D、Tom and Mary

( )26．We had a good time during our holiday.

A、two-weeks

B、two weeks

C、two-week’s

D、two weeks’

( )27．I can see some on the hill.

A、sheeps and deers

B、sheep and deer

C、sheeps and deer

D、sheep and deer

( )28．We are , but they are .

A、Germans; Japanese

B、Germen; Japanese

C、Germans; Japaneses

D、Germen; Japanese

( )29．My father left his bike outside and went in.

A、the doctor

B、a doctor

C、doctor’s

D、the doctor’s

( )30．—Would you like ? —Thank you, but I’m not thirsty.

A、some bread

B、some sandwiches

C、some mooncakes D some orange

( )31．mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.

A、Li Lei and Lucy’s

B、Li Lei’s and Lucy’s

C、Li Lei and Lucy

D、Li Lei’s and Lucy

( )32．There are few in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.

A、vegetable

B、meat

C、eggs

D、fruit