
1. ______is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every moth.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
正确答案应选B项。这是一道由as引导的非性定语从句的语法题。在句中,as为关系代词,在从句中作主语,代表整个主句the moon travels round the earth once every month。在形式上,从句与主句用逗号隔开。此句译为:正如人们所知的那样,月球每个月绕地球一周。在实际做题时,许多学生错误地选择了答案A项,原因在于他们没有搞清楚此类句型的特点。
2. ________ is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
正确答案应选A项。初看起来,此题与上题相似,但实际上有着较大的差别。此句属于名词性从句中的主语从句。在句中,It为形式主语,that引导主语从句the moon travels round the earth once every month。形式上没有逗号隔开。此句译为:月球每个月绕地球一周是人们所共知的。
为了让大家能更好地理解和掌握as引导的非性定语从句,现举例予以说明:
(1)The compass, as is well-known to all, was invited in ancient China. 众所周知,指南针是中国古时发明的。
(2)He seems a farmer, as in actual fact he is. 他看上去像个农民,事实上他就是农民。
(3)As we know, Taiwan is a part of China.正如我们所知道的,是中国的一部分。(as在从句中作know的宾语,代表主句Taiwan is a part of China)
从以上句子可以看出,as引导的非性定语从句具有以下特点:
(1)其先行词可为整个主句,也可为某一个名词。
(2)as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)其从句可以放在主句的前面或后面,也可以放在整个句子中间。也就是说从句可以位于句首、句中或句末,但习惯用逗号隔开。
(4)as仍有“正如……那样;像……一样;由……而知”等作连词时的词义。
(5)在句法上,as常被用作一些实义动词的表语及其被动语态的主语,如see, know, say, report, imagine, show, remember, point out等动词。常见的词组有:
as is well known to all / as we all know 众所周知
as has been said before 如上所说
as you expected 如你所料
as has been already reported 据报道可知
as she imagined 如她所想像的那样
as it showed 正如所反映的那样
as anybody can see 正如人们所看到的那样
as除了能引导非性定语从句外,还能引导性定语从句。常与the same或such连用,构成:the same…as, such…as。as引导性定语从句时,在从句中同样可以作主语、表语或宾语。如:
(1)Such Chinese as is spoken in Shanxi is not Putonghua. We call it the Shanxi dialect.在陕西说的汉语不是普通话,我们称为陕西方言。(as在从句中作主语)
(2)I have the same book as you have. 我的书和你的一样。(as在从句中作have的宾语)
(3)He is not such a clever person as she is. 他不像她那样聪明。(as在从句中作is的表语)
摘自 考试报
