
1. can
⑴modal v be able to do sth or know to do sth 能;会(表能力)
He can finish this task within two days.
This machine can make you feel cool.
Tom was able to do the work. 不能说: This machine i able to work.
⑵to be allowed to sth; asking or giving permission; may
可以(表请求或允许)
We can call for you at nine.
You can go swimming when you have finished your
homework.
⑶used in order to show what sometimes happens
可能;会(表潜在的可能性)
I still think the problem can be solved.
I can see him tonight.
It can get quite cold here at night.
He can be quite annoying sometimes.
⑷to have to; must 必须
If you won’t keep quiet you can get out!
⑸offering to do sth 提议干某事
Can I help you? Is there anything I can do for you?
⑹(in question only)used in order to show your doubt
表怀疑并由感情色彩
Can it be true?
Can he really be ill?
Can he be making the investigation all alone?
Can she have told a lie?
Can she really have been at home all this time?
⑺n a closed metal container in which foods are preserves
without air; tin 罐头,听头
Food in cans is called canned food.
⑻v to preserve food by putting it in a closed metal container
without air 把...装成罐头
Eat what you can; can what you can't.
In this factory they can fish to be sent abroad.
⑼ AmE infml to dismiss from a job; sack
(美俚)解雇, 辞退, 抛弃, 开除(学生), 监禁, 停止, 停用 can-dry
2. may
⑴to have permission to; to be allowed or permitted to可以;允许
You may come if you wish.
You may (can)go now .
⑵(used to show possibility) to be perhaps or likely to do
可能;也许
He may be at home.
She may not be at home.
He may not know about it.
He may have been at home for about two hours.
He may have been waiting for us for an hours.
⑶(used when expressing a wish, usu with the subject after the
verb)祝愿
May they live long. 祝他们长寿。
May you succeed in the coming examinations.
⑷(used clauses expressing hope or purpose)will; can 会;能够
Write to him at once so that he may know in time.
Let’s talk it over, so that we may come to a decision.
⑸may as well: used in order to say that you will do sth even
though you are not very interested in it or excited about it
还是…为好
You may as well give him the letter.
3. might:
⑴ When you are talking about possibility might sometimes
suggests a smaller possibility than may, but often these
words are used to mean the same thing.
⑵There can be a difference between He may have ( =perhaps
he has) drowned, and He might have ( =he was in danger of
drowning, but he did not).. But many people now use these
words to mean the same thing.
4. must
⑴(past form had to) used in order to say that sth is necessary
because of a rule, or because it is the best thing to do
必须, 必须
I must shut the door, or the rain will come in.
⑵(past form must have) used in order to say that sth is very
likely to be true很可能, 准, 必定
You must renew the book, needn't you?
You must be tired after your long journey.
They must have gone home, for the classroom is empty.
⑶used in order to suggest that sb do sth 应该
We must be careful, mustn't we?
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?
⑷n sth that you must do or must have
必须做的事;必须有的东西
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
住山里必须备有厚衣服。
5. shall
⑴used in order to say what you are going to do in the future
将;将要 (助动词,过去时为 should)
We shall be going away tomorrow by train.
They shan't be coming back today.
Shall I open the window?
Shall the boy wait? 用于一、三人称表征求意见
⑵used in order to say what will happen or what must
happen; must将要;必须
(情态动词,表“必须”同 must 与 should 是两个不同的词)
She shall do as she is told.
You shall do as I say.
⑶to be allowed or permitted to; may可以;允许
(情态动词 表“许诺” 用于二、三人称)
You shall get the money as soon as I get it.
You shall have my answer tomorrow.
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.
She shall get her share.
⑷used in order to show duty or responsibility ]应, 必须
(情态动词 表“义务,责任” 用于二、三人称)
You shall do as you see me do.
She shall be punished if he disobeys.
6. should
⑴used for saying that it is right for sb to do sth or for sth to
happen 表示应该做或发生
The police should do something about it.
Children shouldn’t be left on their own.
⑵used for giving or asking for advice 用于提出或征求意见
You should try that new restaurant.
He really shouldn’t work so hard.
⑶used with ‘have’ to say that sb did the wrong thing
表示某人犯了错误
I’m tired. I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late.
⑷used for saying that you expect sth is true or will happen
用来表示期待某事发生
She’s been studying hard for the exam, so she should pass.
There are plenty of hotels in the town. It shouldn’t be difficult to find somewhere to stay.
7. have to & have got to
⑴to be forced to do sth because sb makes you do it, or
because a situation makes it necessary必须要;不得不
We don’t have to answer their questions.
Mary hates having to get up early.
I’ve got to go now. I’m already late.
⑵used when saying that it is important that sth happens
一定;必须
You’ll have to be ni
⑶used when telling sb how to do sth要;应该
First you ;have to take the wheel off.
⑷used when saying that you are sure that sth will happen or is
True肯定;必定
He has to be stuck in traffic---he wouldn’t be late otherwise.
⑸usage
Use have to to say that sth is necessary, and you do not have a choice about it. I ;have to study for my test. We have ato visit Grandma on Sunday. Use must to say that sth is necessary, and that you know it is a good ;idea. I really must study harder. We must visit Grandma sometime soon. Use have got instead of have to or must in order to emphasize how important sth is. I ‘ve got to talk to him.
8. ought to
⑴used in order to make a suggestion; to have the moral duty to do something应该(用于提出建议),应当(指道义上有责任)
You ought to work harder.
You ought to have come earlier.
The table-tennis game ought to / should have finished by now.
You ought to take a day off.
⑵used in order to say that sb should do sth because it is right
(shows that some action would be right or sensible)
应该(表示做某事正确); 本应; 本当; 早应该(显示所取行动正
确和明智)
One ought not to cross the street against the red light,
You ought to have told me that yesterday.
She ought to have been more careful.
It ought to have been done long ago.
He ought to apologize to her.
We ought not to be eating such high fat food.
⑶used in order to say that you expect sth to happen or be true
应该(表示与计某事会发生)
The weather ought to be nice there in October.
Prices ought to come down soon.
They ought to win easily.
⑷Usage
①Ought to and should are similar in meaning but ought to is slightly stronger.
②Oughtn't to and shouldn't are used to warn that an action is
wrong or unwise. Needn't which means that something is unnecessary.
You oughtn't to (shouldn't) talk so loud; you'll wake up the sleeping baby.
You needn't talk so loud; I can hear you.
③ The past form of ought is ought to have
You ought to have / should have helped him. (=but you did not)
You oughtn't to have hit him. (= but you hit him)
9. be to
“to be+不定式动词”只有现在时和过去时
㈠表示坚决的命令。 (order)
You are to be back by 10 o'clock.
⑴ This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over.
⑵ No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard.
㈡表示“计划”或“安排的事项”。 (arrangement)
We ate to meet at the school gate.
⑶ Betty is to be married soon.
⑷An insurance agent is to meet us this afternoon.
㈢表示“可能性”。 (possibility)
⑸ Are you to pay the debt for your wife?
⑹ The lovely puppy is nowhere to be found.
㈣表示“意图”或“打算”。 (intention)
⑺If you are to be there on time, you had better hurry.
⑻ If all of us are to remain friendly, we must be sincere with one another.
㈤表示“应该”。
⑼ You have done so well. You are to be rewarded.
⑽ Such nasty questions are to be avoided.
㈥表示“不可避免”。
⑾ Anne was wondering what was to become of her boy friend, Tommy.
⑿The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment and was never to see his family again.
㈦表示“假设”。
⒀If I were to do it, I would do it well.
⒁ Even if you were to take a taxi now, you would not be able to arrive at your destination on time.
㈧有“期待将来”的含意。
⒂The actual usefulness of the newly invented equipment is still to be determined.
⒃Henry's appointment with the accountancy firm is yet to be confirmed.
㈨ 有“必然会发生”的含意。 (doom)
They were never to meet again.
⒄ She did not think too much of her unkind acts. However, they were to be harmful to herself, too.
⒅ Tom wasn't worried about his head injury, but it was to be troublesome for him later.
上述九种“Be+不定式动词”的语义,稍纵即逝,常常会不多留意,而且也不会时常用到它们,但是只要定睛注意,多少也会领略这些结构的个中味。
I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou.
(responsibility)
A knife is to cut with. (use)
