
一、现在完成时态的结构
have /has (助动词)+done(过去分词)
说明: 动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种,规则形式同过去式的规则形式。非规则形式需要特殊记忆。可以这样分类:AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC
AAA cost-cost-cost,hit-hit-hit,let-let-let,
read- read-read, put-put-put,set-set-set hurt-hurt-hurt, cut-cut-cut
ABB buy-bought-bought,catch-caught-caught,teach-taught-taught ,find-found-found,sell-sold-sold stand-stood-stood build-built-built sleep-slept-slept spend-spent-spent
ABA come-came-come,become-became-become ,run-ran-run
ABC break-broke-broken,fly-flew-flown,ride-rode-ridden ,take-took-taken,write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken, drive-drove-driven
二、现在完成时态的基本句式
肯定句:主语+have/has+Vpp+其他
否定句:在助动词have/has后加上否定词not
一般疑问句:将助动词have或has提到句首,肯定的简略回答是:Yes,主语+have/has. 否定的简略回答是:No,主语+have/has not.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
三、现在完成时态的用法
1、用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在,可以和already, never, ever, just, before, yet等副词连用。例如:
They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)
He has seen the film. So he won’t go with us. (看电影发生在过去,但现在仍然记得它的内容。)
说明:already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。例如:
I have already finished my homework.
I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?
2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如:
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.
自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了?
注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。例如:
(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误:I have bought the book for three months.
正确:I have had the book for three months.
(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了?
错误:How long has your brother joined the army?
正确:How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?
四、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday last week, ...ago,
in1990,in October, just now,
现在完成时的时间状语:
for, since, so far,ever, never, just, yet,
in the past few years, already,
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的)
She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续)
She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).是团员的状态可持续)
比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间— “自从……”,for用来说明动作延续时间长度— “长达……”。在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和
have been in
have(has) been 表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”,可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone 表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来[注意]:第三人称”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等
He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海
He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)
He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2、He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?
A. already B.never C.ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ____?
A. Just B. ago C.before D.a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
5、—Our country ____ a lot so far .
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B.did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finishedD. will; do; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A.joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D.have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15、 It ___ ten years since he left the army .
A. Is B. has C. will D. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.
A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone toD. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ____?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, ____________ ?(改成反意疑问句)
2、They have been here since 2000. (提问) ___________ have they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year. He ____________for a year. (die) (动词填空)
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ____________________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao____________________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
A) 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
B) 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。
1)Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2)John _______ England since he came back.
3)How long _____ have _____ this village?
4)The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
5)_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
6)I _____ this school since three years ago.
A)按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. → be in sw.
come/go/move to sw. ---be here/be there
1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2)I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3)I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4)They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1)He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1)I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2)The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1)The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2)The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get to sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
1)I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2)He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3)My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4)The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5)I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6)They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2)The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear catch/get a cold → have a cold
get to know → know
1)They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2)I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3)I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4)I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
1)He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the Party/the army
→ be a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of t the Party
→ be in the Party/the army
1.My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
