
雅思作文的时间要求对绝大多数考生来说是很紧迫的,因此很多人拿到考卷就是扫一下题目就匆匆动笔。可是你真的读懂题目了吗?你真的知道题目要求你写什么了吗?如果没搞清楚就贸然下笔,就算你英语再好,词汇再准确,文采再飞扬,离题十万八千里绝对会让你fail没商量!快速来看看下面这篇文章,让你不要辜负了自己辛辛苦苦的准备工作哦~
Understanding the task in IELTS essays
Perhaps the number 1 rule in IELTS writing is to answer the question. This may sound obvious, but it is surprising how many candidates fail to get it right. Even though their English may be high quality, they won’t get the grade they need if their IELTS essay doesn’t address the question.
雅思写作要求No.1:回答问题!没有回答题目问题的作文不会拿高分。
Topics and questions 首先,确定什么是主题和什么是要回答的问题。
The starting point is to recognise that there is in fact a question to be answered and that this is not the same as writing about a general topic. To understand this, read this IELTS essay question:
The first cars appeared on the British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car ownership and use.
Now, the topic is clearly transport and more particularly road congestion or perhaps pollution. But, and I cannot emphasise this enough, that topic is not the question and it is not sufficient to write about that topic in general.
Reading the questionRemember to identify what the exact task is. Do not confuse this with the general topic of the essay and background information given in the essay question
To get this right, it is important to read and think about the question very carefully – time spent focussing on the question is never wasted. Helpfully, the essay questions are almost always structured in the same way. Often they come in 3 parts: background information, problem and task.认真读题绝对不是浪费时间,而且雅思作文题在结构上有一定规律,通常分3部分:背景信息、问题、任务。
1. Background information
Very often, they are introduced with some background information, here:
The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads.
This is background information only. Not to be ignored, as it can be a vital source of both ideas and vocabulary.
背景信息往往能给你一个提示:用什么样的观点、什么样的词汇。
2. The problem
Next comes an opinion based statement which introduces the question and poses a specific problem. In our example:
Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car use and ownership.
This is the part to note. The topic may be transport in general; but reading carefully it is more precisely:
alternative forms of transport
internationallegislation of transport
the relationship between the state and the individual
the concept of car use and ownership (not necessarily the same thing)
确定背景之后往往会引入一个问题,像上面这个例子,背景是交通,具体的问题则可能是不同的交通方式、国家交通法规、国家和个人在交通方面的关系,或者是机动车使用及所有权的问题。
3. The task
The final part of the question is the task itself. It tells you how to write your essay: whether you should be commenting. comparing or arguing. This can help you structure your essay.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Reading the question in this way, you should now see how precise they tend to be.
最后题目会给你一个任务:评论,或比较,或辩论!这也能提示你如何组织文章
The examiner is looking for an equally precise answer: not the repetition of the essay you wrote a few weeks back on a similar looking topic.
考官是睁大了眼睛找确切的回答,所以千万不要随便套用一个你以前写过的相似题材的文章!没有什么模板是万能的,也不是所有同一题材的文章都可以用一个模板解决!
Moral: read the question – the whole question! 请烤鸭们千万认真读题!
Good Luck!
大作文指南 -- 读懂写作题目!
雅思作文的时间要求对绝大多数考生来说是很紧迫的,因此很多人拿到考卷就是扫一下题目就匆匆动笔。可是你真的读懂题目了吗?你真的知道题目要求你写什么了吗?如果没搞清楚就贸然下笔,就算你英语再好,词汇再准确,文采再飞扬,离题十万八千里绝对会让你fail没商量!快速来看看下面这篇文章,让你不要辜负了自己辛辛苦苦的准备工作哦~
Understanding the task in IELTS essays
Perhaps the number 1 rule in IELTS writing is to answer the question. This may sound obvious, but it is surprising how many candidates fail to get it right. Even though their English may be high quality, they won’t get the grade they need if their IELTS essay doesn’t address the question.
雅思写作要求No.1:回答问题!没有回答题目问题的作文不会拿高分。
Topics and questions 首先,确定什么是主题和什么是要回答的问题。
The starting point is to recognise that there is in fact a question to be answered and that this is not the same as writing about a general topic. To understand this, read this IELTS essay question:
The first cars appeared on the British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car ownership and use.
Now, the topic is clearly transport and more particularly road congestion or perhaps pollution. But, and I cannot emphasise this enough, that topic is not the question and it is not sufficient to write about that topic in general.
Reading the questionRemember to identify what the exact task is. Do not confuse this with the general topic of the essay and background information given in the essay question
To get this right, it is important to read and think about the question very carefully – time spent focussing on the question is never wasted. Helpfully, the essay questions are almost always structured in the same way. Often they come in 3 parts: background information, problem and task.认真读题绝对不是浪费时间,而且雅思作文题在结构上有一定规律,通常分3部分:背景信息、问题、任务。
1. Background information
Very often, they are introduced with some background information, here:
The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads.
This is background information only. Not to be ignored, as it can be a vital source of both ideas and vocabulary.
背景信息往往能给你一个提示:用什么样的观点、什么样的词汇。
2. The problem
Next comes an opinion based statement which introduces the question and poses a specific problem. In our example:
Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car use and ownership.
This is the part to note. The topic may be transport in general; but reading carefully it is more precisely:
alternative forms of transport
internationallegislation of transport
the relationship between the state and the individual
the concept of car use and ownership (not necessarily the same thing)
确定背景之后往往会引入一个问题,像上面这个例子,背景是交通,具体的问题则可能是不同的交通方式、国家交通法规、国家和个人在交通方面的关系,或者是机动车使用及所有权的问题。
3. The task
The final part of the question is the task itself. It tells you how to write your essay: whether you should be commenting. comparing or arguing. This can help you structure your essay.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Reading the question in this way, you should now see how precise they tend to be.
最后题目会给你一个任务:评论,或比较,或辩论!这也能提示你如何组织文章
The examiner is looking for an equally precise answer: not the repetition of the essay you wrote a few weeks back on a similar looking topic.
考官是睁大了眼睛找确切的回答,所以千万不要随便套用一个你以前写过的相似题材的文章!没有什么模板是万能的,也不是所有同一题材的文章都可以用一个模板解决!
Moral: read the question – the whole question! 请烤鸭们千万认真读题!
Good Luck!
大作文指南--找到好的ideas
不知道烤鸭们拿到雅思作文题目第一个想法是什么?是马上回忆之前背过的跟题目相关的词汇句型呢?还是迅速头脑风暴要写什么?无论如何,在动笔之前一定要对文章有个大致的安排,在心里面给出一个outline!千万不要提笔就写,然后写到一半发现没思路了,或者写着写着就跑题了~~
总而言之,写作之前还是好好为你的大作选几个好的ideas,并把它们组织起来~~下面就看看具体怎么操作吧!
Planning IELTS essays and finding ideas
This lesson looks at how planning better can help you write better essays. I focus in particular on “ideas” – something that catches many candidates out. The two key points are that the ideas you need to write an IELTS essay are fairly simple and it helps to make a difference between ideas, reasons and examples.
Problem 1 – not enough ideas 观点不够
This is one of most common reasons for candidates to go wrong in the writing paper. They see a question. Try to think of ideas. Come up empty and panic. You will find part of my solution to this below. For now, I will just say that you need very few ideas to write a good essay and those ideas can be simple ideas too. Don’t buy a book on ideas for essays, instead learn this tip:
Tip – you need only 2 ideas to write an essay and those ideas are often found in the question
Problem 2 – the ideas are confused 观点混淆
This is also a very common mistake. There are plenty of ideas to write an essay. The problem is that the reader/examiner does not know what the main ideas are.
Tip – make sure you have one main idea per paragraph. This should be clear from the first sentence of the paragraph
Problem 3 – too many ideas 观点太多
Yes, some people do have too many ideas. This is a trap for candidates aiming for a high score. In particular, if they are used to writing academic essays. IELTS is a 250 word essay marked on language. That means it is probably much shorter than you are used to and there are no marks for quality and quantity of ideas.
Tip – select only enough ideas to write a complete essay – that means one per paragraph
Finding ideas for essays 怎么确定观点呢?
Step 1 – understand the difference between ideas, reasons and examples 区分观点、原因、例子的区别
When I ask my students in a class for “ideas”, they quite often stare at me in silence. When I ask them the question “why” or ask them to give me an example, they (normally!) have plenty to say. That should tell you there is a difference between ideas, reasons (why) and examples. The good news is ideas are not the problem in IELTS, what you need are reasons and examples. They are normally much easier to find.
A paragraph is one idea: supported with reasons and examples. You only need two ideas.
Step 2 – learning where to find ideas for essays?试着从问题里找观点
The ideas you need for an essay are nearly always found in the question. They are typically so big that you think they are too easy to be a real idea. That’s the trap. What do I mean? Take this example:
Human activities have endangered many animal and plant species. Some people think it is too late to save them, while others think humans should still take some action. Discuss both views and express your own opinions.
This is one of the harder questions I have seen recently, but the ideas you need are simple enough.
∙
∙It is too late to save endangered species
∙It is not too late to save species
It is that easy. Those two ideas are your two main topic paras. All you need now are some reasons and examples.
Step 3 – finding reasons and examples – ask yourself questions 通过问问题来确定原因和例子
Here you have different options. One trick is simply ask yourself the questions “why?” or “how?” or “when?” or what?” That is often enough.
Step 4 – thinking vocabulary gives you more “ideas” 通过词汇来激发灵感
This is something else I use with my students a lot. It might also work for you. The concept is that once you have words, then “ideas” come naturally from those words. Try thinking of “planning words” and see if it works for you.
Organising and selecting your ideas reasons and examples
Key concept – one idea per paragraph supported by reasons and examples 一段一观点
Look at these two sample paragraphs from the essay and see how I use simple ideas from the question:
Much of the argument against taking any action to save these species is that the process is irreversible. Just to take one example, there are now so few Giant Pandas left in the wild, they will in all probability become extinct in the foreseeable future. There are simply too few bamboo forests left in order for them to survive. This is also the case with many other endangered species who have lost, or are losing, their natural habitat.
NotesThe first sentence outlines what the paragraph is about. It is the idea from the question: Some people think it is too late to save them.The rest of paragraph is an explanation of that idea
∙
∙Giant Pandas arre threatened and will die out (example)
∙Problem with habitat (extended example)
∙Other species have same pattern (explanation of example)
The opposite view is that it is the responsibilty of mankind to act and try and save these species for posterity. There is a moral aspect to this argument because most of these species are only endangered because of man’s actions and it is our duty to make amends. Another consideration is that advances in science, especially in the field of genetics, mean that we may be able to recreate some of their lost habitats. It is no longer the case that the only option is to preserve these species for future generations in zoos and botanical gardens.
Notes
You should see that this paragraph follows almost the same model. There is one clear and simple idea in the first sentence. It relates back to the question words: while others think humans should still take some action.The rest of the paragraph explains that idea:
moral duty because it is our fault (reason why)
science can now help through genetics (second reason why)
zoos are not the only solution (extended second reason why)
Key concept – you don’t need to include all your reasons and examples
My “notes” for this essay included all this. They are my notes, so you don’t need to understand them all. What I want you to see is that I have not included everything. In an academic essay I might have. Here I have selected the ideas that were easiest to write about.
∙
∙zoos (example)
∙breed in captivity (example extended)
∙preservation (how)
∙giant pandas (example)
∙medical benefits (why)
∙loss of habitat (why)
∙river dolphins (example)
∙biodiversity (reason)
∙logging and rainforests (example)
∙dams (example)
∙progress of man (why)
∙deforestation (how)
∙bamboo forest (where)
∙science (why)
∙cloning (example)
∙genetics (example)
∙moral responsibility (why)
∙
Key concept – balance your paragraphs
There are a number of different possible essay structures. My default (normal) structure is to have 2 paragraphs that balance each other – it is surprising how often this structure works. It is good for the coherence of the essay, it also makes it easier to write – especially if you are short of “ideas”. You use the second content paragraph can reflect the ideas in the first paragraph, but from the opposite point of view.
大作文指南--5步避免词汇出错
词对作文来说是个大问题!有时并不是词汇越多越好,越高深越好~能在适当的地方选用最恰当的词,并且合乎语法规则才有可能造就一篇好文章。下面为大家提出一个5步法,来减少或避免写作中的选词问题~~
A 5 step procedure to avoid mistakes with IELTS vocabulary
五步避免词汇错误
This lesson is about how to choose the right vocabulary in an IELTS essay. You will find 5 tips on how to avoid mistakes in the essay writing process.I also try and show you a way to combine these 5 tips into one step-by -step procedure. Master that and you are on your way. That does not mean your vocabulary will be perfect, it just means you will make fewer mistakes. What you also need to do is improve your vocabulary knowledge, so I point you in the direction of 4 places on the internet that can help you do just that.
这篇文章教大家在雅思写作中如何选择正确的词汇,通过5步避免词汇错误!不过这并不意味着你的词汇就完美了,不过烤鸭们可以少犯一些错误,因此最后还在下面为提供4个网址,让你能够进一步改善自己的词汇。
Tip 1 – listen to your language ear 凭语感!
Can you as a learner see your own mistakes? Maybe not. Somehow you need to find a way to do this though. It may be simpler than you think. Here is an idea that often works: listen to your language ear. What this means is you ask yourself the question:很多人觉得看自己的作文看不出有什么错,可事实上错了一大堆~其实可以把作文读出来,用语感来判断:
∙
∙Does this sound right to me? or 听起来对吗?
∙
∙Am I certain this is right? 我确定这是对的吗?
You don’t have know why something is wrong but very often you can just feel it is wrong. That’s enough. This works for lots of my students. If you can do this, you are half way there. I have a very simple suggestion if you can’t answer “yes” to the questions above, 这里你不用解释为什么,只要有种感觉:这里可能不对,就够了~如果你感觉到不对劲,那么:
∙
∙you don’t write the word down or 不用把它写下来,或者
∙you cross it out. 直接划掉
Tip 2 – know the risk/reward ratio
You may want to take some risks though with your vocabulary and try and use some advanced words – particularly if you are aiming at 7.0 and over. You do get rewarded if you use more advanced vocabulary and show you have range. The problem is the more advanced vocabulary you use, the more likely you are to make mistakes. It is quite possible to recognise a word’s meaning and not be able to use it properly. 如果你想拿到7分或7分以上,那可能会想冒个险,试着使用一些比较高级的词汇~如果使用高级词汇的确会有一定好处,也能展现自己的水平,但是使用越高级的词汇,却果只知道这个词的意思而不能正确使用,就很可能犯错误!
What you need to do is balance the risk of making mistakes against the reward of getting it right. I would suggest that it is often better to be “safe” and not try and use complex words – not to take too many risks. English can be quite a simple language and the best native English writers use relatively simple language themselves. This means that the procedure is now:
因此考生要做的就是权衡犯错的风险和用对了的好处。这里建议大家用一些“安全”的词比尝试使用复杂的词更好,不会有太大风险。英语其实可以很简单,最好的英语作家可能反倒会使用一些相对简单的语言。具体有以下几个步骤:
∙if you are fairly certain that the phrase is wrong, you don’t use it (listen to your language ear) 如果你确定那个短语是错的,那就不要用。
2. if you think it could be right, you have to decide whether the risk is worth the reward. If the risk looks good, you use it. if not you try something else. (the risk/reward ratio) 如果你觉得用这个词可能是对的,那就要权衡利弊咯!如果风险不大,那就用;如果很不确定的话,那就用其他的词~
Tip 3 – just repeat a word 重复一个词!
The next step is to find a way of saying your wrong phrase in another way if the risk doesn’t look good. One obvious way to do this is simply to repeat a word you have already used. I can tell you that sometimes this is quite acceptable and even necessary. Here’s how:
在写作中烤鸭们会想体现自己词汇的丰富而选择用不用的词,但是如果用起来可能会犯错、有风险,那宁愿用自己之前用过的、确定是正确的词语,而且有时这种重复是可以接受的、而且是必要的,比如:
∙we don’t really have another word for “career” in English so of course you can use it again 在英语中没有“career”的同义词,那只能用它了
∙you can repeat words from the question, you can’t repeat whole phrases from it 可以重复问题里面的某些词语,但是不要重复整个短语
Tip 4 – don’t think words, think phrases 不要想词语,而是要想短语!
If you don’t want to repeat a word, there is another solution. It may be that there is no one word that we can use instead of “career’ but there may be a whole phrase – or group of words – we can use. You want an example? Try this:
如果相避免词语重复,还有一个解决方法!如果找不到代替的词语,可以用短语来替代,例子如下:
“Planning the evolution of our what we are going to do in our professional lives”
It is much much better to use the phrase “what we are going to do” instead of “evolution”. The phrase uses simple words but is in fact quite idiomatic, whereas “evolution” is simply wrong here. You may be surprised at how your English improves once you start to try and think of phrases/groups of words and not individual words by themselves.
在这个句子中,用“what we are going to do” 来替换 “evolution”就好多了,虽然这个短语里的词相对简单,但是却比较符合语言习惯,而“evolution”用在这里其实是错的!其实积累一些短语而不是单独的词能有助于提高英语哦!
Tip 5 – write about things you know how to write about 写你自己知道如何写的东西
This one is slightly different. All I’m going to say is that many candidates make the mistake of trying to be clever in IELTS and use their very best arguments. The way this works is:
这一点比较不一样。有些考生想在考试中耍小聪明、用一些不一样的观点,不过:
1. a problem with clever arguments is that they are often complex arguments 如果用聪明一点的论点,这个论点往往会很复杂
2. complex arguments are often hard to describe 复杂的观点通常很难描述
3. the result is more language errors 会导致犯更多的语言错误
You see the point? Remember that this is a language test. The examiners are testing your English, not your IQ.其实烤鸭们应该记住,这是一个语言测试,而不是智力测试。
If you remember that, you may be surprised once more at how your essays improve. The message here is to not try and write about things that you cannot put clearly. Find another argument/reason/example.
如果能够记住这些东西,会发现自己的作为有很多大高!提醒大家,不要写一些自己写不清楚的东西,如果是写不清楚,还不如换一个论点、原因或者是例子。
4 places to learn more vocabulary 4个让你词汇提高的网站
The best way to avoid making mistakes is of course to learn some more language. Here are 4 nice places you can look online for vocabulary. They all offer something a bit different. Variety is good.
Gapfillers:sign up for free and you get an idiom a day. It may not seem much but idioms are best taken in small doses. If you haven’t signed up, this week you have missed so far:
∙
∙jump the gun
∙go overboard
∙call the shots
BBC words in the newsYou can listen to a text, read it or even do both at the same time. Then they show you the really important words in it. They have a massive archive of material.
Flo JoeThis one gives you daily exercises with the difference that it teaches you about the grammar of those words.
Laufer and NationThis site is for those who like to test themselves. That too can be a way of learning. They have lots of tests that show you your level.
大作文指南--什么是衔接?
雅思作文的评分标准分为四项:应题、连贯衔接、词汇量、语法结构和准确性。对于其他几个标准大家都很熟悉,可这个连贯衔接要怎么做呢?下面给大家介绍一下什么是衔接~
An introduction to cohesion
Cohesion is how sentences and parts of sentences link together. It matters because if your sentences are cohesive, your writing becomes easier to read and you become able to write more sophisticated English by linking ideas together. More than that, it is an important factor in how your writing is graded, as with coherence it is 25% of your total score.
衔接指的是句子和句子之间的连接,也就是如何让句子组成段落。
How does it work?
There are a variety of ways to make your writing more cohesive, here are a few ideas:
有以下几种方式让你的作文更连贯:
∙
conjunctions: these are the words like and and but 用连词表达句子之间的关系
pronouns: pronouns (it, they, this and that etc) are generally linking words as they link back to nouns 用代词连接上下文
vocabulary: another way to link is to use the same or similar word again. 用相似的或者同样的词
∙
How to do it?
There is no easy answer to this question. However, one very useful piece of advice is to make sure that each sentence starts with a reference back to the previous sentence.
一个实现句子间衔接的建议是:确保每个句子开头都能提到上一句!
Look at this example:
There are many people who claim that global warming is the most significant threat facing us today. They argue this because it is a danger not just to the current generation, but also to the generations to come. Indeed, it is this threat to our future that is of most concern. For instance, some research shows that one effect of global warming might be there will not be enough food to feed the world in the near future. If that did happen…
If we look at how this links together, we see:
| many people | they (pronoun) |
| that global warming is … | this (pronoun) |
| claim | argue (synonym) |
| not just | but also (a matching pair) |
| current generation | generations to come (repetition) |
| a danger | this threat (pronoun + synonym) |
| Indeed (linking phrase for further explanation) | |
| generations to come | future |
| global warming | global warming (repetition of technical phrase) |
| there will be not enough food | that (pronoun) |
A common mistake
One very common mistake is to overuse certain linking phrases such as “furthermore” and “moreover”. This can be a problem because they are frequently misused: and to link badly is no better than not linking at all. A secondary problem is that by only using such phrases, candidates forget to use pronouns (especially “this”) for linking.
很多烤鸭常犯的一个错误是,滥用“furthermore”和“moreover”,频繁误用还不如不用~~ 另一个常见错误是多次重复相同的短语,却不用代词,this通常指代上一个句子或是上一句话提到的情况,用来做下一句的开头是个很好的衔接。记住!不要用it 来指代上文,it只能指代上文出现的某个东西。
Good luck!
大作文指南--如何实现段落连贯性
雅思作文的评分标准分为四项:应题、连贯衔接、词汇量、语法结构和准确性。对于其他几个标准大家都很熟悉,可这个连贯衔接要怎么做呢?下面给大家介绍一个让全文逻辑连贯的模式~具体什么是PEE模式呢?往下看~~
Paragraph coherence: the PEE model
Coherence is crucial to IELTS writing. Why? It is up to 25% of your score: it is as important to your final score as both grammar and vocabulary. So, as you prepare your writing, you do need to think about it. What I want to do in this post is to show one relatively simple way to achieve it. This may not be exciting, but it is practical in that it will help not just to improve your score, but also make the writing process easier. In truth, I am going to be boring about boring topic sentences, which are something you may have heard before, but at least I am going to do it using pretty colours!
Paragraph coherence
One form of coherence is coherence within a paragraph. To achieve this you need to learn how to structure a paragraph with a topic sentence and to develop that sentence through the appropriate use of explanations and examples. In this post I am going to suggest a possible model to help you do this by teaching you to PEE – something everyone should be able to do quite naturally. It may help, however, first to think about how this works in the reading and speaking papers.
连贯性的一种模式是体现在段内的连贯性,烤鸭要学会用一个主题句、合适的解释和例子来组成一个完整的段落。这里要给大家介绍的是PEE模式,希望有用!
Understanding paragraph coherence – topic sentences – think reading
In the IELTS reading exam, one very familiar task is to identify the main topic of a paragraph by selecting the correct heading from a list. One way to complete that task is to identify one sentence that gives the main point of the paragraph – this is the topic sentence. Your goal in the writing paper is to ensure that each of your paragraphs contains a similar topic sentence. Learn how to write by thinking about reading.
正如烤鸭们在阅读题中做过的“找标题”,写作的目标就是每一点都有一个主题句!
Paragraph coherence – expanding the topic – think speaking
You can also learn to write by thinking about speaking. In the speaking exam, one of the goals is not to give very brief answers, but to give extended answers. In the writing the same applies: it is important to expand on the topic to show you have sufficient vocabulary and grammar to say what you want. The mistake is to write very short paragraphs or paragraphs which contain unrelated points. If you don’t believe me, you should note that the question almost invariably contains these words:
烤鸭们还可以通过口语学习如何写作~和口语一样,我们不能只给出一个简略的答案,还要根据主题句适当扩展~不要写一些不相关的小段落。
“You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.”
This is telling you that coherence is important. If you do support what you say with evidence and examples, your writing will become coherent.
A model – Learn how to P-E-E
One way to expand your topic sentences is to
PEE模式就是指
make the point (P) 给出观点
explain it (E) 解释观点
give an example (E) 给出例子
How it works
This is not the only way to be coherent, but it is a good model to folllow in the context of an exam essay for two reasons.这并不是让段落连贯的唯一方法,但是在考试中很实用!
Firstly, it impresses the examiner. It also makes the writing easier as most paragraphs can follow the same pattern and planning becomes much easier as you already know the shape of each paragraph before you start writing.
这样严密的逻辑会让考官印象深刻,而且也让你在写之前的构思更容易
Some examples
Read through these three paragraphs taken from different IELTS essays and note how they all have a similar structure:
∙
∙Point
∙Explanation
∙Example
This is a pattern you can follow in most essays to give coherence to your writing by expanding on one point. I will add that this just a model guideline, it isn’t a rule. There will be times when you do not use examples for instance.
There are those who argue that the internet has had an extremely positive influence on communication. They say this because in the past it was sometimes impossible to call people in other countries on the telephone, but now it is relatively simple to use a program such as Skype to talk to them for free or to send an email. A good example here are the students who go to study abroad and are able to send messages home with no difficulty, when in past they would have had to buy stamps and go to the post office which was much harder and more expensive.
A strong argument can of course be made from the opposite position.Part of this argument is that countries and nations need to preserve old buildings in order to preserve their heritage. In addition, however, to this cultural argument, there are positive economic benefits in preserving old buildings.An illustration here is Egypt once again, a country which depends on tourism for much of its national income simply because visitors pay to come from other countries to visit its ancient sites. There are several reasons why it can be argued that television has a negative effect on cultural development.Perhaps the principle argument is the lowbrow nature of many programmes, particularly sitcoms and soap operas. People who watch these programmes do not learn anything, they are simply entertained. The other major argument is that because people watch so much television, they no longer take part in more traditional forms of cultural entertainment. An example here is how traditional dancing and music is becoming much less popular because people are staying at home to watch the television.
A suggestion
If any of this is new to you, I have a suggestion. For now, don’t practise writing essays: go back to the paragraph. This may seem limiting, but again it is practical. Once you can write a good paragraph, the exam essay becomes easy, for it is really little more than 5 paragraphs and if you can write one paragraph, you can write 5.
如果你是第一次接触这样的方法,那么给大家一个建议:练习写段落而不是写文章!只有写好段落,考试作文对你来说才更容易!
大作文指南--10分钟搞定雅思作文构思!太久吗?可是有道理哦~~
∙雅思考场如战场,每位烤鸭都是分秒必争~可是作文是赶快写完然后来修改呢?还是先构思再好好写?或许每个人的方法都不一样,可也不妨来看看,花十分钟构思雅思作文值吗?
Planning an IELTS essay – the 10 minute solution
How long should you spend planning an IELTS? There is of course no correct answer to this question, but in this post I am going to make a suggestion that you should consider spending up to 10 minutes on the planning process. Really? Yes, 10 minutes is not too long, let me try and explain why.
Timing – how long does it take to write 250 words 记一下时,写250个单词用多久时间?
You may not be convinced by 10 minutes: it seems a long time doesn’t it? I have three main arguments to put to you:
∙Try looking at it this way: the longer you spend planning, the better and the more quickly you will write. To me, it is a given that you will write better once you have thought about your ideas and the language you want to use.构思好了,写起来又快又好,因为你会很明确自己要写什么样的观点,用什么样的语言。
∙More than that, if you spend 10 minutes on the plan, that still leaves you 25/30 minutes to write 250-275 words. Do the sums: that’s approximately 9/10 words a minute, or put another way a sentence every 2 minutes. No matter your level, that should be achievable. 花十分钟构思,还有25-30分钟写250-275个单词,换算一下,就是一分钟写9-10个单词,一个句子写两分钟,不管你水平如何,这都是可以做到的。
∙Try timing yourself and how you use your 40 minutes. I’m next to certain that if you start writing before 10 minutes is up, you will find that in the writing process you spend minutes at a time doing little – you don’t know what to say next or how to express it. That’s wasted time. If you have read Aesop: the tortoise beats the hare.试着计时,看自己40分钟写的了多少个单词。如果没有构思,可能写到中间就写不下去,反而浪费很多时间。
What happens if you don’t plan enough: overlong essays
没有充分的构思,容易写得太长!
Plan more and write less as well as better. Don’t spend all your time writing
Just recently I have seen a number of essays that are well over 500 words. Some of them are “model” essays from websites and books and some are student produced essays. 500 words is much much too long: too much time is being spent writing and not enough time is being spent thinking. No matter who you are, in 40 minutes you are going to produce better quality English in 300 words than 500 words. One way to do this is plan more and write less
What happens if you don’t plan enough: too short essays
没有充分的构思,也容易写不够
You don’t have time to stop and start again. Plans help you to complete your essay in time
Another point to consider is the exam context: for many candidates one problem is timing, you only have 40 minutes to write an essay. What you cannot afford to do is the academic thing and draft and redraft: you have to get it right first time. If you have to go back and rewrite, that’s when you really run into problems with time. Indeed, having to stop and start again is one leading cause of the failed IELTS essay. What happens is that the essay ends up only half-finished. How can you avoid this? Planning and planning correctly.
What to plan? Ideas, reasons and examples
If I’ve convinced you to spend more time planning, the next step is to think about how to use that time well. It’s no good spending 10 minutes, if there’s no end product. And I suspect that one reason why candidates don’t spend too much time planning is that when they try it, they don’t get any end product. That maybe because they are planning the wrong thing.
Don’t worry too much about ideas. From classroom practice I find that if I ask students to come up with ideas – nothing much happens. It’s a difficult process under pressure. Think about reasons and examples instead. For me, in practice, this is much easier to do. If I ask my students “Why do you agree? or “Can you give me an example of that?”, I get an almost immediate response. Try it for yourself, see if it works.
What to plan? Vocabulary
The next point is to ask yourself what slows you down when you are writing. Is it because you can’t find the words? Quite possibly. So to me the answer is fairly clear: try planning the vocabulary so that you know what words you are going to use before you start writing so you will write more quickly.
There are another two related points here. The first is that if you plan vocabulary, ideas follow: once the words are in your head, you know what to say. The other point is that vocabulary makes up 25% of your mark, so it seems rather misguided not to spend time thinking about it. For more on this, take a look at IELTS essays – the planning process
Experiment – see what works for you The final point I am going to make is this: everyone is different and no one solution can fit you all. Accordingly, I suggest that you should try different solutions and see what works for you personally – give my 10 minute plan a go. It can work. |
有烤鸭认为大作文的结尾不是特别重要,而且有人到最后可能根本没时间好好写了~其实结尾同样重要,如果在前面有一些小缺陷,还可以在结尾的时候把它补回来,怎么才算是好结尾呢?来看看一位外籍老师怎么说!
Essay conclusions
Golden rules四大黄金法则
∙
∙make sure you answer the question 一定要回答问题
∙either summarise or restate your position 要么总结要么重申观点
∙do not use new information 不要加新东西
∙aim for 2/3 sentences 写两三个句子就好
Ideas
∙
∙Make sure you answer the question as it is asked. For example, if the question asks you “to what extent”, make sure your conclusion says how much you agree. 问题问什么就要答什么
∙Balance your introduction and conclusion – using the sandwich technique 利用总分总的结构来平衡你的开头段落和结尾段
∙Vary your vocabulary: do not repeat the language of your introduction or the question word for word 不要重复使用在开头段或是问题中的词语
∙Do not try and include too much information: state your position and choose your best argument for or against. Do not try and summarise all your arguments. 表明观点或者选择同意还是不同意,不要试图总结所有论点!
下面是一些结尾段常用的句型:
