
1. How China’s System Differs from the West’s
Ask anyone who has ever worked as an English teacher in China, and they’ll tell you that the differences between the Chinese and Western education models are vast. Working in a Chinese office can be a shock to the system if you’re more used to Western work practices, and this is also attributable to China’s method of education. Generally favouring rote learning and collective opinion over independent thought and the “thinking outside the box” mentality that is espoused by the West, Chinese education is – unsurprisingly – far more “socialist” than its counterparts in Europe and North America.
The biggest differences
But picking apart China’s education system and holding it up for criticism is an easy stance to take. It is more interesting to examine the differences objectively.
The most visible difference has already been mentioned: learning facts by heart. While Western education systems push for lateral thinking as well as rote memorization, Chinese teachers favour repetition. And since the Chinese writing system has nearly 50,000 characters, this method has clear benefits. It also leads to a kind of “democracy” of learning, whereby pupils of all abilities reach goals together. In the freer Western system, it is easier for less bright students to fall by the wayside.
Another huge difference is the role of the teacher. Widely speaking, teachers in Western countries are afforded far less deference than they are in China, where the lao shi is edified and obeyed to the letter. So strong is the pupil-teacher bond that many students stay in touch with their tutors long after they have left school.
The role of the parent is also largely different in China, with mom and dad playing a greater role in encouraging (some might say “pressuring”) their children to learn. The stereotype of the pushy Asian parent is all too common, but for a generation that grew up during the Cultural Revolution – many of whom had to give up their studies and attend re-education camps – the importance of schooling for their children is huge. Getting good grades is essential, and hobbies are sacrificed in favour of homework. While this sort of set-up can spawn less well-rounded adults, the importance of striving for excellence cannot be denied in a country with fewer post-graduate employment options than the West.
Another notable difference is the method of reward. While Western education systems favour the carrot instead of the stick, it is more common in China to punish mistakes than to praise good work. Many critics cite this as cruelty, but the other end of the spectrum is the permissive “everyone’s a winner” attitude that blights Western education and churns out generations of self-entitled adults.
What the Chinese think of their system
But what do Chinese people think about their education system? Are they happy with their schooling, or do they find it lacking? On January 9th 2009, an article appeared in People’s Daily about the "National Mid-Term and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development Planning." This somewhat long-winded paper would gather opinions about China’s education system in order to asses and improve it. One participant, Han Qinglin, a strategic issues expert and inspector of Hebei Province’s Education Department, named three main problems. First was actual entry into schools – he claimed that many students found it difficult to get into a good school, for financial reasons or lack of places. Quality of education was his second as China develops socially and economically, a higher standard of education is needed. His final bugbear was employment post-graduation - namely whether a university education truly increases an individual’s chances at getting a good job. (Incidentally, the eventual outcome of the Educational Reform and Development Planning was a rise in spending on education, up to 4% of China’s GDP by 2010.)
For Chinese people themselves, opinions vary as to the quality of their education system. Amy Hu, a recent graduate, says, “Of course there are bad aspects in every system. The Chinese education model is often criticized for being rigid and too focused on learning by heart, but at least it provides a strong structure.” However, Frank Yan, age 27, remarks, “I sometimes wish I’d been educated overseas because it would have encouraged me to think more as an individual. At work I often feel hindered by the outlook I was taught at school.”
In a word no system is perfect.
2 .The differences of family education between Chinese and the Western
Chinese and the Western family education each has its own good points, but in different aspects, the educational methods are different, so we need to understand the differences between Chinese and Western family education, make up for one's deficiency by learning from others' strong points, and push forward the family educational modernization instantaneously, in that case, China will have the inestimable prospects.
And at the same time, with the development of educational cause, Western educational thoughts penetrate slowly through the East. before the comparison,we need to know about the social background of China and Western Countries. As we all know, China is a socialist country and most Western countries belong to capitalist countries. And, they have different history and cultures. China advocates Confucianism and the western countries advocate the revival of literature and art. But the most important point is that their attitude towards the position of family institution's position is also different. In china's traditional family, parents' authoritative consciousness plays a leading role while western civilizations mainly emphasize struggle, equality, democracy and human rights. Of course, home education is a kind of humanity's educational practice.
China and the Western family education have many things in common. Generally speaking, it can be summed up as follows:1st, emphasis is laid on family education .No matter which country you come from, what nationality you belong to all think the family is a person's first school, and the parent is the first teacher. Either China or Western countries, either the ancient times or the modern times, family education is always in the most fundamental position 2nd, family education should be started since childhood, perform the duty promptly. 3rd, parents unsuilable role division in education brings about some bad results.4th, pay attention to the training the children’s longing for knowledge, value reading. 5th, attach importance to teaching by personal example as well as verbal instruction. The parents are child's model, usually a simple movement is more effective than the inculcation of ten thousand instructions.
However, the traditional family education in China, on account of the respective differences in more aspects is different from that in the West . They have their own characteristics between regions and cultures. To begin with, the tendency of education is different. The Chinese parents lay emphasis on social enlightenment, ignore the growth of children. The Chinese parents take the social compatible enlightenment seriously, but often neglect the development of children's characteristics, they often train the children under established forms , and lay down the broad road for their growth. The western parents provide the children a environment for growth resistant to them, and foster their tenacious individuality and the good conduct, and they choose their idea and way of cultivation according to the change of society and the characteristic of children physical and mental.
Secondly, the value of family education is different. The function of China’s family education is forced by the China’s traditional culture. The Chinese traditional Confucian culture emphasize “the cultivation of one’s moral character, the running of one’s family, the administration of a state, the peace and security of the world’. The western family education is different from china in the educational goal. Education is not the preparation for earning their living, but for survival. “The learned education” they emphasize has the value of molding one’s mind, one kind of value which has nothing to do with the utility or the occupation consideration. Thirdly, the view of who is the main body of the family and the reciprocity of education are different. The Chinese traditional family culture is following the dominant pattern, displays the family’s internal authority consciousness. It emphasis obedience and respects, takes the external control serious. The chief educator is parents in china’s traditional culture. Whereas, the western civilization takes the child as the main body, emphasizes individual struggle, emphasizes equality, democracy and respects the individual right. The western parents think of the child as an equal member in the family, respect the child's personality and dignity, can let the child think independently and choose freely. They respect the child's right, do not do the compulsory education. They respect the
Fourthly, the focal point of education is different. What the China’s traditional culture grasps is life and morals, so the Chinese value life and the human relations extremely. Therefore, the Chinese parents have regarded the morals as the highest value orientation in the education. Especially, in the Chinese mind, “the good child” is a child who is obedient and sensible at first, aims at the community, liked at first sight. Yet, what the western culture grasps is knowledge, the family mainly arouses the child’s the curiosity about and the imagination of nature. As we all know knowledge creation comes from curiosity
Fifthly, the difference in proportion between family and the individual. The China’s traditional culture takes the family as the focus, pays great attention to individual responsibility and duty. The western culture takes individual as a focus paying great attention to individual freedom and right.
Sixthly, the cultivation of independent consciousness is different. The Chinese guardians think the value of education is studying for entering a higher school, they only ask the child to study attentively, without bothering about other things. So the childern’s consciousness of all-round development is faint. The western parents pay great attention to raising children's independent consciousness since childhood. In the Western family, you may see the child addresses his visit relatives and friend by name, bolds expresses his own opinion, participates in family discussion as adults do. He solves some problems all by himself. Let the child learn how to make a living since childhood, have the strong physique,the quality of bearing hardships and standing hard work, and good psychological quality, thus moves towards life with perfect composure. Such independent individuality causes the child to pay great attention to individual ability and the struggle when he moves towards the society.
3. The difference between Western and Chinese school education
A. Teacher-centered and student-centered
I would say that the prime difference between the two education systems is that one uses teacher-centered classes, and the other uses student-centered classes. In the Chinese education system, the teacher is the only authority; his or her words are not to be questioned. Students are not expected to speak up in class or respond to the questions that the teacher asks. Therefore, most of the questions are rather rhetorical. Questions are brought up for the teachers to answer. Thus, there is no motivation for the students to be active. This leads to a very unusually phenomenon, the students sleeping in class. Students of the Western education system, on the contrary, participate more in class. They have class or group discussions and they are forced to express opinions, which are valued. In this way, students also listen to other’s ideas, which make them not only learn from the teachers, but also their peers.
B. Memorizing and understanding
The way students learn individually (not as members of a class) also differs from East to West. For instance, Chinese education is mainly based on book learning and memorization. They focus on classics and exams. Teachers often have to rush through the textbooks to meet the deadline of every monthly examination. Hence, students learn from memorizing facts, which are often forgotten after a short period of time, rather than understanding. And the lack of understanding all the facts results in the need for cram schools. However, sometimes students put too much dependence on cram schools and often exhaust themselves, which can easily pull down the efficiency of learning. I noticed that recently teachers tried to train us in the ability to analyze
and organize information we receive, but exams put pressure on students to ignore this, since memorizing information is the key to winning points. Somehow the community has formed a rather queer concept that certificates and scores are believed to represent ability. In the end, all we are best at doing is scoring high in exams or getting a diploma. Even our attitude and behavior is graded by numbers. The truth is, however, that most of us show lack of efficiency in solving problems we are confronted, and oftentimes we find difficulties when it comes to organizing activities or our daily routine. We are so competitive but we’re still not in step with the more advanced countries.
If we take a look in the Western way, they have a comparatively relaxed pace of learning. This allows better and deeper understanding of the topic they are working on. They spend more time on class and group discussion in order to know how to speak up logically and learn to accept other people’s opinions. They are often given assignments in the format of a report or project and will have to do their own research and gradually develop their independence. Presentations are also expected to be given properly with a clear voice and information, good time-control and stable eye contact. The skill of taking notes directly from the teacher’s lecture replaces following lifeless
textbooks. This is the education of training students to be provided with skills they will need in their further studies and future careers.
C. Conformity and originality
The Chinese education system puts a great deal of emphasis on conformity. There are tons of school rules to follow and students are expected to line up like troops when attending assembly. Rules like: “sneakers and socks have to be white or black”, “shirts need to be tucked in”, and “no makeup or nail polish is allowed” are common. I personally don’t think these issues have anything to do with one’s attitude. All students are basically graded by scores they get in the exams. The disadvantage of this is that some students might study around the clock but still fail and this would terribly cut down the interest they have towards studies. The Eastern education system seems to be working on producing “perfect”“zero-mistakes” students. Any action that’s out of the ordinary is regarded as some sort of rebellion and will be questioned or punished. Occupations like doctors and lawyers are regarded as decent jobs to do while being an artist or designer is not so respected by others since in our education
system, only those who score low in exams attend vocational schools. This prevents those with special talents from developing into professionals.
Unlike the Chinese system, in the Western education system, mistakes are considered positive. There is no doubt that humans at least once in a while make mistakes, and for Westerners, these are simply steps towards learning and are perfect chances to mature. In contrast to the Chinese grading system, they grade students by assessment of their performance. This way, students who put lots of effort to their studies can be satisfied with the grades they get and will maintain the motivation to keep up the good work and those who don’t work hard also learn that lack of effort is not sufficient to earn a good outcome. Originality and extracurricular activities are highlighted and encouraged, activities like a donation contest, visiting an orphanage
or building houses for the poor. Consequently, they produce more artists and designers that dominate the fashion trends and create a more concerned community.
D. Relationship between teachers and students
Traditionally, the relationship between teachers and students has always been tense between students and teachers in Chinese culture. Teachers are meant to be respected and sometimes students even have to bear teachers’ bad temper. No matter
how familiar we are with a teacher, it is not easy for us to automatically talk to them about our concerns. Some don’t even speak freely with their peers. Students under Western education generally are more willing to speak about their problems to their counselors and are more flexible about other people’s advice.
This is also due to the fact that Westerners consider emotional problems as something normal and always try to be optimistic about them. Through lots of discussions and debates in class, teachers have the status of an assistant or guide instead of a director.
4. Conclusion:
It should be clear from the preceding discussion that there are some definite differences between the two education systems. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Western education encourages people to pursue their true interests,producing a broad range of skills and areas of expertise. Chinese education, on the other hand, discourages the pursuit of learning that has no strictly practical purpose, such as visual and performing arts. Eastern education, however, is an efficient way of training people to perform tasks that require quick and precise thinking. Confucius is known to be the greatest teacher ever. In schools, we are taught about all the famous lines that he said. Things like “The teacher should teach differently according to every student’s condition” are familiar to all of us, but do wesee it inside our education? It’s very ironic that we have the greatest teacher ever but we produce “robot” students. Surely there are some wonderful teachers showing up .now and then, but if the whole system doesn’t change, it would be difficult to just rely on this small portion of teachers.
Overall, I would say that the advantages of Western education outweigh its shortcomings. Western education produces people who are able to make choices more consistent with their own true interests. Therefore, they ultimately achieve more satisfying lives. This gives them the motivation to follow their interest with passion which drives them to become leaders in their chosen field. In the East, seniors often tell us to equip ourselves so that we will have the ability to help others after becoming an adult, but the West lets students participate in charity work since childhood or adolescence and this gradually becomes one of their habits. In actual fact, there is so much we can do even if we are only seventeen or eighteen.
In addition to individual consequences, the education system also has an impact at the social level. For example, the two education systems produce different values. Eastern education gives out the concept that working is the main purpose of life.
While this creates some social stability, it also means that the spiritual life of each person is easy to impoverish. On the contrary, Westerners know better how to relish life and this world. I believe if we want our society to be more progressive and be in line with the most advanced countries, there is definitely a need to reform our education system.
