
A1201 杨晓倩
"Stereotype" refers to people's general and simple views on groups with different cultural backgrounds in cross-cultural communication. In a book called The Nature of Prejudice, Allport proposed that "stereotype is an overgeneralized and simplistic understanding that turns a certain group into a type".For example,black sheep, black guard, blacklist, Negro problem,It is seemed that the Blacks is often regarded as negative,and they are the origins of problems.And “language deficient child” refers to the immigrant children whose language or dialect is different from that of the mainstream culture.”Red China” refers to communist China, always associated with despotism.Such examples can be multiplied indefinitely.
The formation of stereotype is closely related to people's cognition. Stereotype is a universal and inevitable way of human cognition resulting from a psychological need to sort affairs out. To understand and grasp an accurate definition in the complicated world,it is necessary to simplify and classify the circumstances.And stereotype precisely helps us categorize anything.If seeing different words,describing certain groups,such as college professors, surfers, bankers, New York citizens -- people tend to associate certain inherent characteristics or qualities with these groups. If someone from one of these groups walks into a room and communicates with them, they are likely to immediately apply the cognition of the group to that particular individual because it enables them to get to know him quickly.
As an inevitable universal phenomenon in the process of communication, stereotype affects the direction and results of communication. On one hand,by means of summarizing cultural commonness and differences,people can set up a kind of stereotype,by which each other's behaviors can be predicted,thus we can take corresponding countermeasures. But on the other hand, this measure is too simplistic, and the overgeneralized classification also has some drawbacks, mainly manifested in exaggerated group differences because it ignores both the particularity of individual culture and the fact that culture is dynamic and changeable characteristics,thus contributing to ethnocentrism.This kind of "overgeneralization",namely,"symbolization",artificially constructs an invisible barrier, hindering intercultural communication,which is called “the Paradox of cross-cultural Communication”.
Therefore, a correct understanding of the characteristics, causes and possible influences of stereotypes on intercultural communication has profound implications for intercultural communication practice. Only by facing up to this social phenomenon and analyzing the generalized stereotypes in specific communication situations and occasions can we minimize the negative impact of stereotypes on cross-cultural communication.
