
1. Stress
For example:
黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵
李白
故人西辞‖黄鹤楼,
烟花三月‖下扬州。
孤帆远影‖碧空尽,
| 惟见长江‖天际流。 |
ˊˇ│ˊˇ│ˊˇ│ ˊ ˊ ˇ│ˊˇ│ˊˇ│ ˊ
1 Tiger, tiger, burning bright 3 What immortal hand or eye
ˊˇ│ˊˇ│ˊˇ│ˊ ˇ ˊ ˇ│ˊˇ│ˊˇ│
| 2 In the forests of the night, 4 Could frame thy fearful symmetry? |
ˊ ˇ│ˊ ˇ│ ˊ ˇ│ ˊ
1 Spring is gay with flowers and songs,
ˊ ˇ ˇ│ˊˇ ˇ│ ˊˇ│ˊ
2 Summer is hot and the days are long,
ˊˇ ˇ│ˊ ˇ│ˊ ˇ│ ˊ
3 Autumn is rich with fruit and grain,
ˊˇ ˇ │ ˊ ˇ ˇ│ˊ ˇ ˇ│ˊ
| 4 Winter brings snow and the new year again. |
ˊ ˇ │ˊ ˇ │ˊˇ│ˇ ˊ
1 Hearts like doors will open with ease,
ˇ ˊ│ˇ ˊ│ˇ ˊ│ˇ ˊ
2 To very, very little keys;
ˇ ˊ │ˇ ˊ│ˇ ˊ│ˇ ˊ
3 And don’t forget that two are these:
ˇ ˊ │ ˇ ˊ │ˇ ˊ│ˇ ˊ
| 4 “We thank you, all” and “If you please”. |
Take Thomas Gray1’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard as example:
1 The curfew tolls knell of parting day,
2 The lowing herd wind slowly o’er2 the lea3,
3 The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
| 4 And leaves the world to the darkness and to me. | 晚钟敲响为将逝的白昼长鸣 牛群哞哞叫在草地蜿蜒缓行 农夫在归途沉重而默默地走过 将世界留给黑暗和我 |
五言诗总是在第二字之后一顿,例如:
生年不满百,常怀千岁忧。昼短苦夜长,何不秉烛游。(古诗十九首)
| 不惜歌者苦,但伤知音稀。(古诗十九首) |
山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村。(陆游:《游山西村》)
| 沉舟侧畔千帆过,病树前头万木春。(刘禹锡:《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》) |
Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood↓
Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather↓
The multitudinous seas incarnadine,
Making the green one red.
| —Shakespeare, Macbeth, II,2 | 大洋里所有的水, 能够洗净我手上的血迹吗?不,恐怕我这一手的血, 倒要把一碧无垠的海水 染成一片殷红呢。 |
No light; but rather darkness visible↓
Served only to discover sights of woe,
Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace↓
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes↓
That comes to all, but torture without end↓
Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed↓
With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed.
| —Milton, Paradise Lost, Book I, 62-69 | 但那火焰只是朦朦胧胧的一片,并不发光 但能辨认出那儿的苦难情景, 悲惨的境地和凄怆的暗影。 和平和安息从不在此驻扎, 希望无所不到,这里却是个例外。 只有无穷无尽的苦难步步相跟 永燃的硫磺不断地添注, 不灭的火焰有如洪水向他们滚滚逼来。 |
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead ↓
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed ↓
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until ↓
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow ↓
Her clarion o’er the dreaming earth, and fill ↓
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) ↓
With living hues and odours plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
| —Shelley, Ode to the West Wind | 哦,狂野的西风,秋之实体的气息! 由于你无形无影的出现,万木萧疏, 似鬼魅逃避驱魔巫师,蔫黄,黢黑, 苍白,潮红,疫疠摧残的落叶无数, 四散飘舞;哦,你又把有翅的种籽 凌空运送到他们黑暗的越冬床圃; 仿佛是一具具僵卧在坟墓里的尸体, 他们将分别蛰伏,冷落而又凄凉, 直到阳春你蔚蓝的姐妹向梦中的大地 吹响她嘹亮的号角(如同牧放群羊 驱送香甜的花蕾到空气中觅食就饮) 给高山平原注满生命的色彩和芬芳。 不羁的精灵,你啊,你到处运行; 你破坏,你也保存,听,哦,听! |
1 Behold her, single in the field, 看,孤独的山区姑娘,
2 Yon1 solitary highland2 lass3! 田地里独自一身
3 Reaping and singing by herself; 自个儿收割,自个儿歌唱,
4 Stop here, or gently pass! 停在这里,或是轻步前行!
5 Alone she cuts and binds the grain, 自个儿割下来,再打成捆,
6 And sing a melancholy strain; 她唱着忧郁的曲调;
7 O listen! For the Vale4 profound 听!深深的幽谷,
| 8 Is overflowing with the sound. 洋溢着这歌声! |
Somebody
1 Somebody│did a│golden│deed;
2 Somebody│proved a│friend in│need;
3 Somebody│sang a│beautiful│song;
4 Somebody│smiled the│whole day│long;
5 Somebody│thought, “Tis│sweet to│live”;
6 Somebody│said, “I’m│glad to│give”;
7 Somebody│fought a│valiant│fight;
8 Somebody│lived to│shield the│right;
9 Was that│“somebody”│you?
| — Anonymous |
