
如今,中国正步入老龄化社会,因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国开始适当调整计划生育,允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示,很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力,放弃生育二胎。因此,要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升,最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
【翻译词汇】
老龄化社会 aging society
独生子女一代 the only-child generation
计划生育 the family planning policy
在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances
社会保障制度 social security system
学生译文:
Today, China is going to an aging society. So the only child generation is meeting the huge pressure of work and life. Chinese government start to adjust the policy of family planning, allowing some families to have a second boy. But in survey, many couples give up because of economic pressure. Only the establishment of an effective social security system can address the problem of aging but no raising the birth rate.
Nowadays, China is becoming aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing the great pressure which from work and life. The government of China begins to adjust the Birth control planning properly, which allow some family have their second kids in some special situations. But according to the survey, many couples give up having the second kid on account of the economic pressure which is rising. Therefore, in order to work out the aging problem completely, can’t only rely on the birth rates’ rising, The most efficient way is to build efficient social ensure system.
Nowadays, China is stepping into an aging society, on account of which the only-child generation is faced with huge work and living pressure. Chinese government begins to make proper adjustments to the family planning policy, allowing some families to have their second child under special condition. But a survey show shat many couples give up to have a second child as a result of the continuous increased economic pressure. So, depending on the increasement of birthrate is not the fundamental method to solve the aging problem. The most effective method is to set up effective social security system.
一、普遍的问题
1用法和语法
1)放弃生育第二个孩子
give up to have a second child 错误
give up having a second child 不太合适
abandon to have a second child 错误
abandon having a second child 不太合适
更好:give up the idea to/ choose not to have a second child/abandon the idea of having a second child 这儿用abandon这个词太大了点。
2)生活压力 pressure from work and life
3)加重的经济压力 increasing financial pressure (stress burden)
4)generation 做主语单复数都可以, government 做主语,应该用单数
5)中国开始适当调整计划生育,允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。
Chinese government has begun to (is starting to) adjust…, allowing some families to …
动词时态用现在时比较好,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般现在时都可以。
汉语动词没有时体标志,翻译成英语往往要斟酌时态和体。
6)要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升,最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
分析难点:1)主语是一个句子;2)两个句子,是分是合?
2 句子不清晰。
作业中普遍的问题是不清晰,有些句子很messy。老师的建议是不要把句子搞复杂了,就采取参考译文那样的处理。第二个问题是自创的表达太多了,有些是用错了,有些是不太合适。当然也有少数同学已经具有了很好的表达能力。译文准确清晰流畅,有着自己的风格。有些句子和参考译文译得不一样,有些细节很出彩,某些词很不错:stress pressed by address
二、汉语的理解问题(汉语本身模糊不准确)
1)开始适当调整: 适当不一定是properly的意思,而是模糊的说法,有somewhat 的意思。大家理解为properly, appropriately 都可以,也可以不译。
2)特殊情况下:理解为under certain circumstances, 按字面译为in special situations, 也没有问题
3)迫于:理解为由于,考虑到,due to, considering, 比较准确理解是pressed by
4)经济压力: 灵活译为 financial burden 或者 financial pressure, 不要译成 economic pressure
5)老龄化的问题: 按字面翻译为aging problems 不太好,还是用problems of aging society
三、复习总结:
Nowadays, China is stepping into an aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the family planning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances. However, the survey shows that some couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system. (网上参考译文:abandon to do sth, aging problem 两个地方处理不太好)
Nowadays, China is stepping into an aging society, thus, the only-child generation is under tremendous working and living pressure. Chinese government starts to adjust the family planning policy. Some families which meet certain circumstances are allowed to give birth to a second child. But according to a survey, many couples give up this chance due to the increasing financial pressure. Therefore, the most efficient way to address the problems of an aging society is to set up an effective social security system instead of depending on raising natality (birth rate). (光电陈正午版本:非常漂亮,理解准确,表达清晰地道。)
Today, China is stepping into an aging society. And the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. Chinese government has started to ease the family planning policy, giving permission to some families to have a second child under certain circumstances. But a recent survey shows that most couples choose not to have a second child considering the increasing financial stress. Therefore, a more effective cure for an aging society is not growth in birth rate, but the establishment of a sound social security system. (老师译文)
1 汉语的意思需要灵活理解,抓住意思,而不是字面。
2 结构不要照搬,paraphrase, 然后用规范自然的英语结构转换。
3 汉译英是译写结合。
4 参考译文是适合大家学习的译文,也是这学期学习要达到的目标。主要是直译,中规中矩,语言和结构基本准确清晰,适当地带了点中文味道。在形式上比较接近于原文。
5 汉译英有那么一点中式,或者有一点语法问题很正常。因为语法不是绝对的,是一个相对的规范。大家的翻译中,有些是属于错误,有些是不太合适,有些是有点不合适。有点不合适是汉译英的常态。在汉语到英语这个转换过程中,经历了一个跨越千里的艰辛的过程中,最后的结果常常就是这样一个译文:比较规范正确,某些地方有着中式的用法,或自己的用法。我们不如说,翻译是一个在中文和英文两者之间协调靠近的过程。
作业:
一、最大的难句讨论
6)要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升,最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
分析难点:1)主语是一个句子;2)两个句子,是分是合?
1)Therefore, the most efficient way to address the problems of an aging society is to set up a working social security system instead of depending on raising natality. (某同学)
2)Therefore, in order to solve the problems of an aging society, we should build an effective social security system rather than rely on increasing birth rate. (某同学)
3)Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system. (网上参考译文)
1 以上三种翻译分别怎样解决两个难点的? 请说明。
2 后两种处理有相同有不同,相同和不同之处在哪里?
3 以后碰到这样的难点,有什么方法可以借鉴。
4 三种译文中,哪种在形式上是调整最小的,和原文比较?
二、汉译英练习(2)
在炎热难耐的夏天,当清爽的凉风不再光顾北京,胡连群很随意地卷起T恤衫,晾出大肚皮。他们被称为“膀爷”,即“光膀子的男子”(不管年龄多大)。在炎热的季节,“膀爷” 似乎无处不在:在商业区内昂首阔步、在公园里下棋、在动物园里牵着小孩的手,在熙熙攘攘的街巷穿行。
三、汉译英练习(3)
夏末回到伦敦,突然听到霍克思先生去世的消息,怅惘不已。霍克斯是牛津大学一位中国古代文学学者,他把中国人最喜欢的古典文学作品之一《红楼梦》(他译成《石头记》)翻译成了英文,并因此而成名。 (A Dream of Red Mansions - or The Story of the Stone, as he translated it)
最后一次见到先生是今年4月的一个下午,阳光充满暖意,我拜访了先生在牛津的家。他的房子是一座很不起眼二层小楼,先生从窄窄的走道出来,拱手上前,笑盈盈地用传统的中国方式向我们问好:“欢迎光临寒舍”,一口标准的普通话,像一位中国老者. (both hands held together to his chest)
要求
1.第三周完成翻译练习(2)和(3)
2. 第四周发译文下去后,用两周的时间写一篇总结。包括:
1)两个练习自己的翻译
2)两个练习和参考译文比较后自己的总结
总结从用词 搭配 句式还有文化因素处理等方面总结。
3)练习(3)难度较大,自己先做了后,学习参考译文,可以当作赏析来做。
4)本练习共三周完成,作为平时成绩重要参考。要求统一打印上交,有基本的格式,正文统一小四号,表明姓名和院系。
