
第一节 通 知
从语言表达上来看,英语的通知可分为两类,即书面通知和口头通知。我们在日常生活中所见的书面通知包括正式文体及非正式文体。从正式文体上来说通知是“适用于发布行规和规章,批转下级机关的公文,转发上级机关或不相隶属机关的公文,传达要求下级机关和有关单位需要周知或共同执行的事项,任免和聘用干部”的公文。而在非正式文体中通知也是使用非常广泛的公文文体,面广、量大,涉及学习、生活及工作的方方面面,因此根据其适用范围我们可将其分为一般性通知、指示性通知、发布性通知、会议通知等。但就我们日常生活中最常见的为一般性通知,格式及内容语言都较为简单。
一、基本格式
1.种类
(1)一般式通知:即成段落形式的把事情通知给有关人员,如学生、观众等,可用或不用称呼;
(2)广告式通知:把事情通知给有关人员,只要写明通知的具体内容即可。广告式要求简明扼要,一个句子可以写成几行,且尽量写在中间,各行的第一个字母一般要求大写。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。
2.结构要素
(1)标题
通知必须有标题。作为正式公文的通知一般要求发文机关、事由、文种三要素齐备。而一般性书面通知,多用“通知(Notice)”作标题。标题写在正文上方居中,为了醒目起见,标志的每个字母可以用大写NOTICE(但如发出通知的单位以首字母大写形式出现在通知的标志之上,则也要首字母大写形式Notice),并常写在正文上方的正中位置。书面通知的标题有完全式和省略式两种。
① 完全式:包括发文机关、事由、文种, 如“×××单位关于××××××的通知”、“电视台招商通知”;
② 省略式:根据需要省去发文机关、文种其中的一项或两项。即可由事由加“文种”组成标题,如“会议通知”;也可只用文种作标题,如“通知”、“紧急通知”。
(2)受文机关或对象
即通知送达的单位或个人名称,通常首行顶格。若为普发性通知,则此项可省略。被通知的单位或人员一般用第三人称;但如果带有称呼语,则用第二人称表示被通知的对象,口头通知就常用第二人称表示被通知的对象。涉及要求或注意事项时,也常用第二人称表示被通知的对象(祈使句中常常省略)。
(3)正文
正文一般由开头、主体、结尾三部分组成。开头交代发通知的原因、目的、意义;主体陈述须办理、周知、执行的事项;结尾提出贯彻执行要求。根据通知的不同类型,有的正文比较简单,只明确告知通知的内容,三言两语即可;有的正文内容较多,则须安排好层次段落,写好开头、主体和结尾。
(4)落款
在正文的右下方写明发文机关名称,如发文机关在标题中注明,落款则可省略。
(5)成文时间
英语中的成文时间格式与中文不同,发通知的日期,一般写在左下角,但有时可以省略。
三、写作要领
1.要把握不同场合中通知的使用语言:若是正式性场合的通知一般要求完整具备通知的五要素;若为非正式场合通知,比如说班内的会议通知,则可适当省略部分要素;
2.正文要简明、具体、条理化。通知事项要具体明确、切实可行,以便有关单位和人员执行;
3.语言准确、通俗易懂。写通知的目的是让人一看就明白有什么事,需要做什么和怎么做,因此语言一定要浅显、通俗、大众化;
四、范例
1.常见通知
(1) 失物招领通知
Found
A green coat, in the dining hall on the morning of Oct. 8th.
Owner please claim at the lost and found office, Rm. 209 on the 2nd floor of the central building.
| Lost and Found office |
(2) 出售通知
Sales Notice
To whom it may concern,
I am a senior in the English Department in this college. I will graduate next month so that I have written this notice to sell some of my old reference books.
My old reference books will be sold at an incredible low discount. My books include some important English reference books and dictionaries, for instance, English books on TEM 4, TEM 6. Most of them contain the yearly genuine test papers.
Anyone who is interested in my old books may contact me. My contact number is 5436278.
Sincerely Yours,
| Li Ming |
(1)常见模式:省略式标题→正文→发文时间
会议通知
Notice
All teachers and students are requested to meet in the college conference room on Sunday, August 8, at 3:00 p. m. to discuss questions of self-principle.
| Aug. 5, 2006 |
清仓销售通知
Closing-out sale
Mr. / Ms,
On Sunday, 13 December, we will hold a closing-out sale. Everything on hand will be cleared regardless of cost. There will be a substantial reduction in all departments, prices will be marked down by as much as one half. Everything to be cleared is unrivaled in both variety and quality. As the sale will be well attended, we hope you will visit the store as early as possible during the opening days.
| Your sincerely, Wood Stor |
(2)常见模式:简略式标题→通知的对象→正文→成文时间→落款
道歉及事项通知
Notice
Dear students:
As you know, due to unfortunate circumstances, our final examination scores of October, 13, 2006 were cancelled. You should take another test next term. We apologize any inconvenience that may cause to you.
Dec. 27, 2006.
| College Management |
3.广告式通知
(1)常见模式:省略式标题→正文
电影通知
Notice
Movie—The Monster
in the auditorium
Sun.
December 12th.
3:00—5:00pm
| Admission free |
(2)常见模式:内容或事由组成的标题→正文
会议通知
Class Meeting
Thursday Oct. 12
4 p. m.
| Room 405 |
展览会开幕通知
CHINA SICHUAN CLOTHING EXHIBITION
CHENGDU
Sponsors:
✧China Garment Association
✧China National Garment Research & Design Centre(holding)
✧Sichuan Province Planning Commission
Venue:
Sichuan Exhibition Hall, Chengdu
Date: January 6~15, 2006
Exhibit profile: Textiles, Knitwears, garments, dress, shoes and caps, etc.
Contact persons: Mr. Li & Mr. Zhang
Tel: ….
| Fax: …. |
Apologies for the inconvenience that…has caused.
be pleased to/ would like to inform/ announce that….
have the pleasure of announcing that….
Please be informed that….
Please ensure that….
Some event will take place/ will be held/ will be on (time and date)
You are requested to….
Your attention, please. / Please be aware that ….
第二节 启事
启事(Notice – Announcement)是一种告知性的应用文,是机关、企事业单位、团体或个人,需要向公众说明某事或希望公众协助办理某事时使用的一种告启文书。启事的本意是公开陈述事情。“启”,即叙说、陈述之意;“事” 即事情。目前有人容易把“启事”写成“启示”。“事”和“示”读音相同,但意思不同。“启示”,是启发指示,使有所领悟的意思,应予以区分。在英语的应用文写作中还应区分“启事”与前一节的“通知”,两者都可称为Notice,前者还可为Announcement。
启事使用广泛,处理公、私事务均可使用,其性质因作者属性而定。机关、团体、单位需要公众周知某些具体事项,不必或不能以通知、通告、公告等公文文种行文时则可用启事。它不如公文那样具有较强的约束力和强制性,更具商洽和告知性。
启事有多种,按内容分,可分为如寻人启事、寻物启事、招领启事、招聘启事、征稿启事、征订启事、开业启事、征婚启事、庆典启事、更名启事、鸣谢启事、迁移启事等;按公布的形式分,可分为报刊启事、电视启事、广播启事、张贴启事等。
启事的特点是:
(1)告启性:启事面向大众告知特定事宜,因此只具有告知性,而没有强制性和约束力。
(2)简明性:无论是登报、广播、电视或张贴,启事都必须写得十分简明。我们所常见的启事通常只有三言两语;或使用单行单句来排列内容,都是为了竭力做到一目了然,而且也言简意赅的达到了告知的目的。
一、基本格式
启事通常由标题、正文、结尾三部分组成。
1.标题
通常在正文上方居中写标题。可以由内容和文种“启事”组成标题,如“征订启事”;也可以由启事者、内容和“启事”组成标题,如“XX电视台体育频道招聘启事”;还可只用文种作标题,如“启事”、“紧急启事”;或单独以事由为题,如“拾物招领”。
2.正文
另起一行空两格写启事的内容;启事的正文有多种写法:
第一,一段式写法:启事内容简单,通常一段成文;
第二,分段式写法:启事内容稍为丰富的,通常分几个段落成文;
另有标题式写法、条款式写法等。
无论是哪一种写法,启事一般都应写清楚在什么时间,地点,要办什么事情,有哪些要求。因启事的种类不同,这部分的内容也各异。如招聘启事应写清楚招聘单位的性质;招聘目的、对象、人数;招聘的条件、待遇、办法;报名的时间、地点;询问事宜及联系电话等内容。招领启事要写清楚拾到物品的情况如物品的名称,拾到物品的时间、地点,及失主应到何处去认领等。但切忌把拾到物品的详细情况写出,以免冒领。
3.落款
启事的结尾一般包括联系地址、电话、联系人姓名或者签署启事者姓名、时间等。在正文的右下方写明启事的单位名称、个人姓名及日期。若正文中已经出现启事单位或个人可以不用落款;刊登在报上的启事以当天日期为准,也可不再写日期。用于张贴的启事还应加盖公章以示负责。
二、写作要领
1.一事一启,内容单一
简明扼要,抓住关键,突出那些最需要说明的问题。
2.通俗易懂
写启事的目的是让人一看就明白有什么事,需要做什么和怎么做。因此语言一定要浅显、通俗、大众化。
三、范例
1.常见模式:由启事内容或事由组成的标题→一段式正文
(1) 寻物启事
A Book Lost
| In the playground, May12, an English course book, with green cover, finder please return it to the owner, Zhang Min. Room 128, Dormitory 4. |
(2) 招领启事
Key Found
A key has been found in the Reading room, School Library. Please contact, Sunhua, Room 404 Building 5 or call number 36985.
| Library assistant, Sun Hua |
出售启事
Computer Sale
I have a Lenovo computer for sale. It is as follows:
CPU(P4/2. 6G)
256MB RAM
DVD-ROM DRIVE
Nv
WINDOWS XP Professional
Scanner
17″Monitor
Price 2500RMB
More to discuss when face to face. Please contact Xie Ming, Room 528, Dormitory 2. Phone number, 39528.
Thanks!
| Xie Ming |
招聘启事
Notice
There is a need for more members in English Association. Requests are as follows:
1. Junior students in English Department
2. Good management and ability
Thanks for your support.
| English Aassociation |
订婚启事
NOTICE OF ENGAGEMENT
| Mr. and Mrs. Johnny Gruelle have the honor to announce the engagement of their daughter, Miss Barbara to Mr. Ruth on Saturday, May 27, 2006. |
For your information.
I’d like to hear from you.
If you are interested, please send drafts to….
Non-members welcome.
Please contact….
Please return it to….
remind someone of something
Some event will take place/will be held/will be on (time and date)
We hope to see you and welcome.
第三节 海 报
海报(Poster)是一种具有装饰作用的张贴性告启文书,其内容多是告知广大群众喜闻乐见的消息,如电影消息、电视节目、演出动态、讲座、球讯、商品报道等等。海报一般张贴在闹市、交通要道、广场等人来人往的张贴栏,便于吸引尽可能多的人知道。其性质类似广告,有的还配以绘画以增加所要告知的事件的吸引力。
海报的时间性很强,一般只要求及时在一定的范围内传播,因此往往是用手写,如需要较大地区张贴以扩大影响,也有采用印刷形式的。
一、格式与写作要求
海报的常见写法是以简洁、醒目、居中的主题标题吸引大家的注意力,如:Literary and Artistic Evening Performance(文艺晚会)、Film News(影讯)、Football Match(足球赛),Good News(好消息)、或注明Poster(海报)等字样。
正文部分为有关具体内容、活动时间、地点、主持或举办单位等。其书写形式通常按行排列,也可按项书写,通常每项内容占一行。有时也可以在海报中适当添加一些相关的说明或要求。
出海报的单位署名通常写在右下角,另行左下角写明出海报的日期。
二、实用海报范例
1.球赛事海报(Football Match)
英文体育比赛海报的内容必须包括:主办单位、参赛双方及比赛的时间、地点。
Friendly Football Match
All Are Welcome
Shanghai University vs Shanghai Football Club
Time: June 20, 10:00 a. m.
Place: Football Field of Shanghai University
The Recreational & Physical
Department of the Students’ Union
Shang hai University
| June 18, 2006 |
FOOTBALL MATCH
National Team vs. Sichuan Team
Time: 3:00 p. m., Oct. 24, 2006
Place: Liangshan Minzu Gymnasium
Please contact the Physical Cultural Group for tickets, 20 Yuan for each. Tickets are limited to 60. Football fans should be quick. A school bus will be made available. The goers are expected to gather on the cement ground in front of Library at 2:00 sharp p. m. on the given day.
The Recreational & Physical
Cultural Department of the
Students’ Union of the College
| Oct. 20, 2006 |
ENGLISH-SPEAKING CONTEST
In order to carry out after-class oral activities and improve the students’ ability to speak English, a department wide English-speaking contest will be held on Friday next week under the auspices of the students’ union. Those who are willing to take part may sign up with the monitors before Wednesday next week. Five teachers have been invited to work as judges. The first ten winners will be given awards as an encouragement. All are welcome to be present at the contest to cheer the contestants.
The Students’ Union, English Department
| June 4, 2006 |
FILM NEWS
“Spring Comes to the Li River”, a new home-produced feature film, will be shown on the college sports ground at seven tonight. Admissions are by ticket. Tickets, five Yuan for each, are available at the gate house.
The Film Projection Group
| Saturday, June 2 |
THIS WEEK’S FILM
Name: Future World
Time: 7:00 p. m., Friday, April 3
Place: The sportsground
Fare: Five yuan
Ticket office: The gate house
In case of rain, it is to be shown in the gym.
| The Film Club |
讲座海报是就即将举办的学术讲座而出的海报,常见于学校以及研究机构的张贴栏。这类海报的内容通常包括主讲人、题目、讲座的时间、地点,讲座人和讲座题目应醒目注明。如:
Lecture
Speaker: Prof. Smith of Oxford University
Subject: Contemporary English Literature
Time: April 12, 2006, at 2:30 p. m.
| Place: The Auditorium |
Notice
Under the auspices of the Teaching Affairs Section
A lecture will be given
On
MODERN POEMS
by
Prof. Liu He of Southwest University
In the First Meeting Room
On Wednesday, May 25, 2006 at 3:00 p. m.
All those that are interested are welcome
The Section Office
| May 20, 2006 |
为举行晚会而出的海报即为晚会海报。海报的内容包括:晚会时间、地点及主办单位,如对参加者有特殊要求(如服装等),也应该注明。如:
Notice
The Art Club
of the Department of Foreign Languages
takes pleasure in inviting you to its
CHRISTMAS ENGLISH EVENING
to be held
at the Fist Studio
on Monday evening, December 25
| at 7:00 p. m. |
绘画艺术或其他相关艺术品展出时亦采用海报的形式公诸于众。海报的内容包括:展出时间、地点及主办人,如为个人作品展应注明作者姓名,注明入场券的获取方式,如为售票,应标出票价。如:
The Scottish National Portrait Gallery
| Unique visual history of Scotland told through the portraits of those who shaped it. Including Mary, Queen of Scots and Robert Burns right up to Jinuny Shand and Sean Connery. Regular exhibition and changing displays of photography. Gallery café and shop. Open Monday 10:00 a. m. --- 5:00 p. m. and Sunday 12:00 noon --- 5:00 p. m. Admission free. Tel: (0131) 6246200 |
商品拍卖海报常见于广场、商场或商业集会区等,海报的内容必须注明:商品的折扣幅度、打折商家以及各项需要提前说明的事项,如果仅是某项特别指定的商品,还应在海报中给予注明。如:
GOOD NEWS
Summer Clearance Sales
All the goods on display are sold at twenty percent discount. Please examine and choose them carefully before you pay. There will be no replacements or refunds. You have been warned in advance. You are welcome to make your choice.
| The Spring Thunder Shop |
举办商品交易会在商品经济的活动中是经常有的事,为此而出的海报应用很广泛。这一类的海报多见于报纸、电视等受众面较广的媒体。在内容上应该注意:标题醒目,内容具体,时间、地点明确,类别清楚,主办人、联系人等应一一清楚表明,以便参与单位联系。如:
5th International Torch Festival Trade Fair
(Xichang Sichuan Province)
DATE: 23—29 July 2006
APPLICATION DEADLINE: 10 July 2006
LOCATION: Moon City Trade Exhibition Center, Xichang
EXHIBITS: Garments & Clothes, Civil Furniture, Office Stationery, Toys, Eatables and Others.
OPEN TO: Trade visitors and public
INITIATOR: Liangshan Bureau of Industry and Commerce
ORGANIZERS: Liangshan Association of Industry and Commerce, Xichang Heping Trade Co., Ltd.
ADDRESS: 188 South Wenhui Road, Xichang City
TEL: 0834---7654321
FAX: 0834---6543210
| DEPUTATION: Miss Wang, Mr. Liu |
