
2015年12月四级选词填空一
Passage 1
For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December 36 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.对很多美国人来说,2013年在极其寒冷中结束。11月底和12月,美国的大部分地区都经历了初雪和寒冷刺骨的天气。这段时间寒冷的天数可能超过温暖的天数,这种情况二十年来第一次在美国出现。但是美国却是例外。全国范围内,2013年11月是有史以来最暖和的11月。现有数据表明,2013年有可能是有记录以来第四个最热的年份。
Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.现在享受降雪的乐趣吧,因为2014年很有可能会更热,也许是有史以来最热的年份。因为科学家预测,2014年将是厄尔尼诺年。
EI Niuo, Spanish for “the child”, 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally war m. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich(营养丰富的)water that supports large fish 45 ,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).厄尔尼诺在西班牙语中是“小孩”的意思,当南太平洋表面海水温度异常升高时就会发生厄尔尼诺现象。太平洋水域辽阔,覆盖了地球30%的表面,其温度升高带来的额外能量足以引发世界范围内一系列的天气变化。厄尔尼诺现象与东南亚和澳大利亚的极端干旱有关。它会导致南北美洲部分地区的极端降雨,而此时非洲南部却遭受干旱。海洋生命也会受其影响;厄尔尼诺现象会减弱寒冷海水的上升,这类海水富含营养,为大量鱼群提供养分。另外,异常升高的海水温度会摧毁珊瑚。
A)additional B)associated C)bore
D)chances E)communicated F)decades
G)experiences H)globally I)logically
J)occurs K)populations L)realize
M)reduce N)saw O)specific
36. N. saw 第一空显然缺少谓语,优先考虑动词,结合语义并根据Late November and December
可以推出应选择过去式动词,故答案锁定saw.
37. F. decades 根据two,首选复数名词,结合语义,“ for the first time in the two decades”,二十年来头一次。
38. H. globally 句子为主系表结构,不缺主要成分,所以首选副词和形容词,根据语义,ever表示“一直以来地、向来地”,“十一月向来是全球范围内最温暖的一个月。”
39. D. chances 缺少主语,并且谓语是are,所以首选复数形式的名词,结合前文Enjoy the snow now, “享受现在的雪吧”,因为“时机是好的”。
40. J. occurs 空格前方有主语,且是单数形式,而后面由when引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时,所以主句谓语锁定第三人称单数形式的动词,只能选择occurs.
41. A. specific空格左为定冠词the,空格右为名词,中间只能选形容词,选择“特定的”符合语义。
42. B. associated 空格左为be动词,右边为介词with,中间只能是形容词或动词的过去分词形式,be associated with表示“与…有联系”,符合原意。
43. G. experiences 空格左为主语southern Africa,空格内应该为动词的第三人称单词形式,结合语义,选G,“南非经历着干燥的天气。
44. M. reduce 空格左为情态动词,空格内必须为动词原形,填reduce“减少”符合原题。
45. K. populations 空格与左边的large fish 共同构成动词support的宾语,只能选一个名词来作为名词词组,故选K,“大量的鱼群”。
Passage 2
Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is_____(37)different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progress in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well. 信息化社会的学者们就在以信息为基础的社会中社会不公平现象是增多还是减少这一话题存在分歧。尽管如此,他们还是普遍认为信息化社会中的不公平与工业化社会的不公平有根本区别。随着社会信息化的不断进步,社会不公平的起因以及结构特点也发生了改变。
It seems that the information society_____(38)the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view as a_____(39)analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different_____(40)is possible when the actual amount of information_____(41)by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information_____(42)throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots," leading to digital divide. 信息化社会看起来是通过变革信息的使用和交换方式来扩大社会成员所能接触到的信息量,但是这种观点仅是基于各种形式的大众媒体所提供的信息量进行的一种肤浅的分析。当考虑到使用者所获得的实际信息量时,就可能出现一个不同的阐释。事实上,整个社会中流动的的信息量越多,“信息富人”和“信息穷人”之间的差距就越大,从而导致数字鸿沟。
According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major_____(43): class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With_____(44)to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, _____(45)with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation,_____(46)to an industrial society.最近的研究表明,数字鸿沟主要是由三个要素引起的:阶层、性别和年代。就阶层而言,不同类型的劳动者之间存在数字鸿沟,中上层社会与底层社会之间存在数字鸿沟。就性别而言,男性与女性之间存在数字鸿沟。然而,那些熟悉电脑和互联网的网络一代和习惯于工业化社会的老一代之间的数字鸿沟最大。
A.accustomed
B.acquired
C.assembly
D.attribute
E.champions
F.elements
G.expands H.familiar I.flows
J.fundamentally K.interpretation L.passive
M.regard N.respectively O.superficial
36. J fundamentally 空后为形容词,空前为系动词is所以考虑副词,再结合语义选择fundamentally,译为完全不同、根本不同
37. G expands 从句部分缺少谓语,并且主语为信息社会,所以空中考虑填入动词单三形式,再结合语义,确定答案为expands
38. O superficial 空后为名词,空前有冠词a,所以空中一定为形容词形式,再结合But转折。最后锁定为O粗浅的、粗略的的分析,只是纯粹地基于数字。
39. K interpretation 空前是一个形容词且空后是谓语动词is,所以空中考虑填入名词作主语。锁定K 选项,一个不同的解释。
40. B acquired 空后有介词by,考虑过去分词,再结合意思,被使用者所获得的,答案确定为acquired
41. I flows 缺谓语成分,且主语为information,所以考虑动词三单。
42. F elements 空前是形容词,所以空中考虑名词。再结合前的数量three,所以选择名词复数形式,则答案确定为F elements
43. M regard with regard to固定搭配:关于
44. H familiar 空后有介词with,再结合语义锁定答案H:familiar with 熟悉
45. A accustomed 结合空后介词to,考虑词组:accustomed to习惯
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
do.For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it's out of mind.If you cover a baby's toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy hasdisappeared and stops looking for it.A 4-year-old may 37. protest that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the 38. amount of juice.孩子们不会像成年人那样想问题。在出生一年内的大部分时间里,如果某些东西不在视线里,那他们就不会再想起。如果你用一块布把一个婴儿最心爱的玩具盖上,婴儿就会以为玩具消失了,并且会停止寻找。一个四岁大的孩子也许会妹妹分得了更多的果汁,其实仅仅是玻璃杯的形状不同,而不是果汁的量不同。
child-sized about how things work.When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, "That's enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!"
the child will 40. Immediately test your claim.Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you 41.crazy
desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those
not.
的孩子般的理论。当你在试图给你的孩子喂饭,而她在第六次把勺子扔到地上时,你对她说:“够了!我不会再给你捡勺子了!”孩子们会马上去验证你的话。你是认真的吗?你生气了吗?如果她再扔一次将会怎样呢?她做这些并不是为了让你发狂;相反,她正了解到她的需求和你的需求会不同,而且有时候那些不同时重要的,有时候则是不重要的。
How and why does children's thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children's cognitive (认知的) abilities 43.naturally , like the blooming of a flower,almost independent of what else is in their lives.Although many of his specific conclusions have been 45.rejected or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.孩子们的思维是怎样又是为何改变的呢?在20世纪20年代,瑞士的心理学家让皮亚杰提出孩子们的认知能力就像花朵绽放一样会自然地发展,而这和他们生命中其他发生的事情几乎毫无关联。尽管他的很多具体的结论多年来被抵制或是修改,他的想法仍然引起了全世界研究者的诸多研究。
A)advocate B) amount C) confirmed D) crazy E) definite
F) differences G) favorite H) happening I) immediately J) naturally
K) obtaining L) primarily M) protest N) rejected O) theories
参:
36. G,该题难度不大。空格前后均为名词,由此得知空格应填入一个形容词,用以修饰toy,首先考虑备选单词中的常规形容词,有D“crazy”,E“definite”,G“favorite”,依次代入,根据句意“如果你用一块布把小朋友…的玩具盖住”可知,应填入G“favorite”,意为“最喜爱的”。
37. M,本题难度较高。空格前是主语“a 4-year old man”,故空格处需要填入动词,候选项有A“advocate”,M“protest”,该题主要难在很多考生不认识M,可用排除法,如填A“支持”明显违背句意,所以选择M,意为“,提出”。
38. B,该题难度较低。空格前是定冠词“the”,而后面是介词短语“of the juice”,由此可断定空格处应填入一名词,由该句探讨主题“得到的果汁多还是少”可知,此空应填入B“amount”,表示果汁的“量”。
39. O,该题难度不大。由空格前的形容词“child-sized”可知,该空应填入名词,候选项有F“differences”,O“theories”,根据空格后的“about how things work”可得知,应填入O“theories”,构成“theoriesabout how things work ”的结构,意为“关于事物如何运转的理论”。
40. I,该题难度较高。根据该空所在句句型可知句子结构完整,且在动词“test”前出现空格,符合“副词”的需求特征,候选项有I“immediately”,J“naturally”,L“primarily”,较容易排除的是L项,而I和J取舍难度较大,根据该段首句“小孩向来就会验证他们的理论”的表述,可知I“immediately”更符合语境,意为“小孩立刻就会开始验证你说过的话”。
41. D,该题难度很低。根据前文的含义,结合空格所在句的搭配,可轻易得知此空应填入“crazy”,构成drive sb. crazy的固定用法。
42. F,该题难度不高。根据前文的关键词“differ”可知,此空应填入其名词“differences”。
43. J,该题难度不高。根据空格所在句句型可知,句子结构完整,动词unfold后有空格,符合“副词”的需求特征,候选项有J“naturally”,L“primarily”,根据句意“小孩的认知能力自然地就体现出来了”可知,该题选J。
44. H,该题难度较大。根据句子结构判断,可知空格前为“what else is”,空格中可填入形容词、-ing和-ed,而空格前的“independent of”意为不依赖于…,本句表达的意思是小孩的认知意识不依赖于他们生活中发生的任何其他事,所以选择H,happening。
45. N,该题难度不高。根据句子结构“…or modified”可知,该空需要一个和“modified”类似的单词,候选项有C“confirmed”和N“rejected”,根据modified“被改变的”以及句首的“Although”可知,rejected“被否定的”更符合句意,故选N。
