
| Methods | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Steam induced phase separation method | Raw material sources Process is concise Low cost The size on the surface preparation is not restricted | Film strength is not good enough |
| Templates printing method | Concise Effective Accurate Cheap Massive replication | / |
| Sol-gel method | For inorganic super hydrophobic materials such as the preparation of ZnO and TiO2 and Al2O3 | A longer process A solvent pollution The high cost. |
| Template extrusion method | The effect is good Process is relatively simple | Need to obtain cheap, template size and reliable performance |
| Laser and plasma etching method | Easy to get high transparency of super hydrophobic LDPE film | Equipment expensive High cost Super hydrophobic meter area is limited |
| Superhydrophobic Coatings | / | / |
1. 1 Steam induced phase separation method
Under certain conditions, when the polymer solution in the process of solvent evaporation, solution thermodynamics condition is not stable, easy happening between polymer chain from gathered themselves together, and then form the gathering phase. When the polymer chain is gathered to a certain extent, the macromolecule aggregation and form the phase separation process, and form a micron - nanoscale rough surface of the structure,then the membrane method is called steam induced phase separation method.
Steam induced phase separation has the advantages of wide material sources, simple process, low cost, and the size on the surface preparation is not restricted, but the film strength is not enough good.
1. 2 Templates printing method
Sun's group[1] uses of lotus leaf as the original template for PDMS concave template, then they use the PDMS convex concave template template. The convex template is replica of a lotus leaf, and it has the same surface structure with lotus leaf, thus it is showing good super hydrophobic and low rolling Angle.The process is similar to "print", so we called it template printing method.
Template printing method is a simple, effective, accurate, cheap and massive replication preparation method. It is expected to become the practical of the important methods for preparation of super hydrophobic material.
1. 3 Sol-gel method
Sol-gel method is to use compound containing high chemical activity components for hydrolysis after get sol precursor to the condensation reaction, and then form stable gel in solution, the last is the gel drying.After the solvent removal, sometimes it may leave a small nanopores, these micro/nano pore structure gives us some special properties, including super hydrophobic.
Sol-gel method has certain advantages for inorganic super hydrophobic materials such as the preparation of ZnO[2] and TiO2[3] and Al2O3[4], but there is the longer process route, high cost and solvent pollution shortcomings.
1. 4 Template extrusion method
Template extrusion method is to use the aperture to the nanoscale porous alumina film as a template, it can dissolve in solvent polymer drop on it, then get super hydrophobic surface after drying. Feng Lin[5] through template extrusion method with hydrophilic poly (vinyl alcohol) material to get the preparation of super hydrophobic surface, contact Angle can reach 171. 2 °. This may be due to pva molecular rearrangement in the nano structure, which makes the situation that hydrophobic alkyl groups to the outside, hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and form intermolecular hydrogen bond, then inward system can reduce the surface (figure 6). Jin Meihua[6] through templates to the extrusion polystyrene by super hydrophobic array nanotubes film. The film not only has super hydrophobic properties, also has a super high viscous force to water, even the water completely reversed sticktite, similar to "gecko foot" (figure 7).
Template method of extrusion effect is good, and the craft is simpler, but how to get a cheaper price, size and reliable performance of the template is the key.
1. 5 Laser and plasma etching method
Khorasani's group[7] use CO2 laser conduct the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at room temperature environment, and the surface of the WCA up to 175 °. The possible reasons is that after laser treatment, PDMS surface will form porous structure, withgood molecular chain arrangement of PDMS neat. Fresnais's group[8] under oxygen atmosphere use plasma processing LDPE film, and then treated with plasma in CF4 atmosphere, to get high transparency of super hydrophobic LDPE film. In addition, it also has the records in Teshima[9] and Lacroix[10] that use plasma etching method to obtain the ultra thin on the surface of the water meter .
But the class methods exist some problems that the expensive quipment, high cost, super hydrophobic meter area is limited.
1. 6 Superhydrophobic Coatings
Attribute and Usage Information
A super-hydrophobic coating is a nanoscopic surface layer that repels water. Super-hydrophobic coatings can be made from many different materials. The following are known possible bases for the coating:
∙Manganese Oxide Polystyrene (MnO2/PS) nano-composite
∙Zinc Oxide Polystyrene (ZnO/PS) nano-composite
∙Precipitated Calcium Carbonate[1]
∙Carbon nano-tube structures
∙Silica nano-coating
The silica-based coatings are perhaps the simplest to use.[citation needed] They are gel-based and can be easily applied either by dipping the object into the gel or via aerosol spray. In contrast, the oxide polystyrene composites are more durable than the gel-based coatings, however the process of applying the coating is much more involved and costly. Carbon nano-tubes are also expensive and difficult to produce at this point in time. Thus, the silica-based gels remain the most economically viable option at present.
2 References
[1] Sun M H , Luo C X , Xu L P , et al . Artificial lotus leaf by nanocasting [J ] . Langmuir , 2005 ,21 :78-81.
[2 ] Guo M , Diao P , Cai S M. Highly hydrophilic and Superhydrophobic ZnO nanorod array films [J ] . Thin Solid Films , 2007 ,515 :7162-7166.
[3 ] Feng XJ , Zhai J , J iang L. The fabrication and switchable superhydrophobicity of TiO2 nanorod films [J ] . Angew Chem Int Ed , 2005 ,44 :5115-5118.
[4] Minami T , Katata N , Tadanaga K. Preparation and characterization of super-water-repellent Al2O3 coating films with high t ransparency[J ] . International Society for Optical Engineering , 3136 : 168-175.
[5 ] Feng L , Song Y L , Zhai J , et al . Creation of a superhydrophobic surface f rom an amphiphilic polymer [J ] . Angew Chem Int Ed , 2003 ,42 : 800-802.
[6 ] 金美华. 功能化纳米结构超疏水表面的制备与表征[D] . 吉林:吉林大学,2005.
[7 ] Khorasani M T , Mirzadeh H , Kermani Z. Wettability of porous polydimethylsiloxane surface : Morphology study [J ] . Appl Surf Sci , 2005 , 242 :239-245.
[8] Fresnais J , Chapel J P , Poncin2Epaillard F. Synthesis of t ransparent superhydrophobic polyethylene surfaces [J ] . Surf Coatings Tech , 2006 , 200 :5296-5305.
[9] Teshima K, Sugimura H , Inoue Y, et al . Transparent ult ra water2repellent poly (ethylene terephthalate) subst rates fabricated by oxygen plasma t reatment and subsequent hydrophobic coating [J ] . Appl Surf Sci , 2005 , 244 :619-622.
[10 ] Lacroix L M , Lejeune M , Ceriotti L , et al . Tuneable rough surfaces : A new approach for elaboration of superhydro-phobic films [J ] . Surf Sci , 2005 , 592 :182-188.
