
下面是些好例子:
A. “More than+名词”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如:
1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
B. “More than+数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意,如:
3) I have known David for more than 20 years.
4) Let‘s carry out the test with more than the sample copy.
C. “More than+形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思,如:
5) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
6) I assure you I am more than glad to help you.
D. 在“More...than...”中,肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的,约等于“是……而不是……”如:
7) The difference between pure linguistics and applied linguistics is more apparent than real.
8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text.
9) Catherine is more diligent than intelli-gent.
10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
E. “More than”或“More...than...”+ 含“can”的分句时表示“否定意”,如:
11) That‘s more than I can do.
12) Don‘t bite off more than you can chew.
13) In delivering his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students can understand.
F. “No more...than...”表示“不……;不如……”,如:
14) I can no more do that than anyone else.
15) A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing.”
“No more…...than...”的语义,也可用“not any more than...”来取代,因此 15 可以变成 16。
16) A learner cannot... any more than ...”同样的,17可以变成 18:
17) Dr Hu is no more a poet than Dr Wu is a philosopher.
18) Dr Hu is not a poet any more than Dr Wu is a philosopher.
此外,“more than”也在一些惯用语中出现,如:
19) More offen than not (经常),people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give.
20) All of us are more than a little concerned about(非常关心)the current economic problems.
总之,“more than”看似简单,其实很有内涵,味道隽永。
二. no more than的用法
这类习语比较多,而且形式相似,若不真正弄懂其本质,很容易弄混。
关于这些习语,最关键的要弄清两个习语的用法,就是not more than和no more than,前者属于more than的否定式,more than意为“多于”,所以not more than的意思就是“不多于”“不超过”.
no more than主要强调more的反面,即强调数量之少或程度之低,如说no more than 10 days,其意为“只有10天”,在说话者心目中,10 days是一个较低的数字,有类似“跟10天一样少”之意;又如He gave no more than five dollars,其意为“他只给我5美元”,在说话者心目中,five dollars是一笔很少的钱,有类似“跟5美元一样少”之意。
类似地,no richer than,则强调的是richer的反面,其意为“跟……一样穷”,若说no faster than,则强调faster的反面,其意为“跟……一样慢”。
因为同样的道理,我们可以推知,no less than强调的是less的反面,即强调多,强调数量之多或程度之大,如说no less than 10 days,意为“多达10天”,在说话者心目中,10 days是一个较大的数字。比较
He earned no more than 800 dollars a month. 他一个月只挣800美元。(在说话者看来,800 dollars是一笔较少的数,他这样说带有轻视的意味)
He earned no less than 800 dollars a month. 他一个月就挣800美元。(在说话者看来,800 dollars是很大一笔数,他这样说带有羡慕的意味)
三. no more……than 与 not more……than
1. no more……than 表示对两者都否定,意为“同……一样不”(=neither……nor……)
如:He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是画家,也不是作家。(=He is neither a painter nor a writer.)
He‘s no more able to read Spanish than I am. 他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am able to read Spanish.)
I know no more Spanish than I know Greek. 我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。(=I know neither Spanish nor Greek.)
2. not more……than 指两者都具有某种特征,但是程度不同,意为“不如”“不及”(= not so…… as)。如:
She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聪明。(=She is not so clever as he is.)
This book is not more difficult than that one. 这本书不及那本书难。(This book is not so difficult as that one.)
四、no less than 与 not less than
1. no less than 的意思是“多达”“有……之多”,强调多,与 no more than 意思相反。如:
He made no less than £500. 他赚了多达500英镑的钱。
He paid no less than $10,000 for it. 他为此付了一万多美元。
No less than 50 people offered to buy it. 至少有50个人提出要买它。
No less than 50 passengers got killed in the train accident yesterday. 死于昨天火车车祸的旅客有50人之多。
My father, no less than I, is a baseball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我,也是个棒球迷。
2. not less than 为 less than(少于)的否定式,其意为“不少于”“不下于”“至少”。如:
He has not less than 10,000 dollars. 他至少有一万元。
Not less than 500 people attended the meeting. 参加会议的至少500人。
比较:He has no less than seven daughters. 他有7个女儿之多。
He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有7个女儿
五.rather than 用法小结
rather than 是一个并列连词,用法比较复杂,现归纳如下:
1. rather than 与would 连用时,构成“would rather...than...”句式,意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一。例如: She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2. rather than 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……;与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下:
(1) 连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2) 连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。
(4) 连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
(5) 连接两个不定式
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
注意:rather than 后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式。如:Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉,把它们以半价卖掉了。
(6) 连接两个动词
He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的,而不是走来的。
注意:这里rather than 后用了walked,而没有用walk,表示客观事实,而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。
六.would rather的用法
1、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”,后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather,表示优先选择的一种方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用would rather。
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式,美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意,它是一个情态助动词,且无词性、时态变化。
例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着,那我们都离开这儿。
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
2、如果在两者中进行取舍,表示“宁愿……而不愿……,与其……宁可……”的意思时,则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意 1) would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为:rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式,若选用的动词相同,那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink wine than beer. 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作,他宁愿放弃。
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”,即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
3、在疑问句式中,would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前
例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里,还是回家?
Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉?
Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗?
4、would rather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时,谓语则用过去完成时。
例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。
请注意 1) 如果谈到过去的动作,也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时,主句一般为I had rather ,其(that)从句则用过去完成时。 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。
2)如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人,则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。
例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods. 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。
5、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别,但经常接触到的是would rather。
例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk.汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。
Tom prefers reading to talking.汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
请注意
1)would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式,而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词,而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。
例 He prefers wine to beer.= He would rather drink wine than beer. 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf.= I’d rather play tennis than golf. 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。
2)某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来:He prefers dogs to cats.(他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。)和 He would rather have dogs than cats.(他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。)很明显,这两句的意思并不完全相同。
3) would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。
例 I’d rather fly than go by sea.=I’d prefer to fly. 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。
这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样:
例 —Would you like some gin?
—I’d prefer a coffee.=I’d rather have coffee than gin.
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗?
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡,不想喝杜松子酒。
4)would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式,但后者带to。
例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air. 我们是乘船去的,可我本想乘飞机去。(我愿意乘飞机去,可我的愿望未能实现。)这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似,would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望
七.Other than的用法
1、other than原意为“与……不同的”。例如:
(1). Here is a tool other than yours. 这里的工具不是你的。(直译为:这里放着的是与你的工具不同的工具。)
(2). We have done many experiments other than this one. 我们做了与这个实验不同的许多实验。
(3). Reactions other than the desired one often occur when the reactants are brought together. 当这些反应物放在一起时,常发生不希望有的一些反应。(原意为:……常发生与希望的反应不同的反应。)
(4). These animals are different in other ways than shape. 这些动物差别不在形状,而在别的方面。
2、other than常常可译为“除了……以外”。例如:
(1). I have not studied any language other than Chinese. 除了汉语以外,我没学过任何其它语言。
(2). Under some conditions chemical energy is liberated during a chemical reaction in forms other than heat. 在某些条件下,在化学反应期间,化学能还能以除了热能以外的其他形式释放出来。
(3). The law takes into account forms of energy other than those discussed so far. 除了到目前为止所讨论的那些能量形式以外,该定律还考虑了其它能量形式。
(4). He could not do it other than hurriedly. 他只能匆匆忙忙地做了那件事。
3、no…other than作“除……外……不”解。例如:
(1). No fuels other than petroleum will be fit for this purpose. 除石油外其他燃料都将不适于这种用途。
(2)We can think of no other example than this. 除了这个例子以外,我们想不出别的来了。
4、none(或no)other than(…)作“不是别的,正是……”解,例如:
(1) It is none other than zinc. 这就是锌。(这不是别的,正是锌。)
(2) The tall man that I saw was no (或none) other than Comrade Wang. 我看见那个高
陷阱题分析
1. How beautifully she sings!I have never heard_____voice.
A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best
「陷阱」容易误选 D, 认为最高级前要用定冠词。
「分析」其实此题最佳答案为A.该句可视为 I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略,全句句意为“她唱得多好啊!我从未听过她这么好的声音”。
请再看以下类似的实例:He is fine,never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。
This bird is really lovely. I‘ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱,我从未见过这样好看的鸟。
比较以下试题,情形也大致相同:
(1)“I've never found a better job.”
-----“______”
A. I don‘t think so B. Too bad C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry
答案选 C.I've never found a better job 可视为 I’ve never found a better job than this job 之省略,句意为“我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作”,即“这是我所找到的最好的工作”。
(2)“What do you think of the service here?”
----“Oh,______ . We couldn‘t have found a better place.”
A. too bad B. sorryC. wonderful D. impossible
答案选C.We couldn‘t have found a better place 可视为 We couldn’t have found a better place than this place,其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这儿更好的地方”,即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。
(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has______IQ. A. a highB. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
答案选B.句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”,即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。
(4) How cold it is! ----We‘ve never had______this winter.
A. the colder day B. a cold day C. the coldest dayD. a colder day
答案选D.句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子”。
2. Professor White has written some short stories,but he is______known for his plays.
A. the best B. moreC. better D. the most
「陷阱」容易误选 D.
「分析」此题首先不宜选 B 或 D,因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是better known 和 best known,有时也可以是more well known 和 most well known, 但通常不能是 more known 和 most known.至于是选 A 还是 C,这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象,故应选比较级C答案。
3. You are______careful than your brother. You two can't do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more C. not lessD. no less
「陷阱」容易误选 A.
「分析」要做对此题,首先要正确理解以下结构的含义:not more……than=不如……
no more……than=和……一样不(否定两者)
not less……than=不如……不(即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)
no less……than=和……一样(肯定两者)
比较以下各句的意思:You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。
You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。
You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。
You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。
通过以上分析,再结合句子语境,可知此题最佳答案为 B.
4.“Oh, how fat he is!”“But I think he ist______han fat.”
A. short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest
「陷阱」容易误选 B.认为 short 为单音节形容词,故用-er 构成比较级。
「分析」其实正确答案应是C.要弄清此问题,得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起。
(1)异类同质比较。即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如:My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。
(2) 同类异质比较。即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较,这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……,而不是” “与其……不如……”等。如:He was more lucky than clever. 他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。
She was more surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。
This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片,而不是西部片。
按英语习惯,在进行同类异质比较时,只能用more 构成比较级,不能用-er 形式,即使是单音节词也是如此。
模拟训练
1. I don‘t like it at all. It can’t be ______.
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
2. I‘m ______ at sums than Jean, but better at history.
A. more B. less C. worse D. cleverer
3. We couldn’t have picked ______ day for the picnic-it rained nonstop.
A. a worse B. a worst C. the worse D. the worst
4. I know this is not quite the right word, but I can‘t be bothered to think of ______.
A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the good
5. With the development of the Internet,______ communication is done by regular mail.
A. less B. more C. little D. few
6. —If you don’t like the red coat,take the blue one.—OK, but do you have ______ size in blue?This one‘s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
7. If there were no examinations,we should have ______ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
8. —Are you satisfied with what he did?
—No, it couldn‘t have been ______.
A. worse B. better C. so bad D. the worse
9. I think whoever makes ______ contributions to the company than others should get ______ income.
A. greater;the higher B. more greater;a higher
C. greater;the highest D. more greater;the higher
10. The Chinese Education Department suggests teachers should receive ______ education to catch up with the _______ development.
A. farther;late B. farther;later C. further;lately D. further;latest
11. He knows little of mathematics,______ of chemistry.
A. as well as B. no less than C. still less D. no more than
12. ________the temperature,______ water turns into steam.
A. The high,the fast B. Higher,faster
C. The more higher,the faster D. The higher,the faster
13. The computers in the other shop will be ______, but ______ as those in this shop.
A. cheaper;not as better B. more cheaper;not as better
C. cheaper;not as good D. more cheap;not as good
14. —I didn’t do well in this English examination. How about you?
—I did ______ you.
A. not better than B. no worse than
C. as well as D. no better than
15. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ______ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
16. —The weather is not good enough for an outing,is it?
—Not in the least. We have not have ______ at this time of the year.
A. a worse day B. a nicer day
C. such a bad day D. so fine a day
17. —Does Jim do his new job well?
—______ his old job. How stupid!I fear there‘s no hope for him.
A. No better than B. Not better than
C. No so well as D. No as well as
18. This bird is really lovely,and I’ve never seen ______ one.
A. a finer B. a finest C. the finer D. the finest
19. —If you go to the post office,would you please get me a stamp?
—I am ______ willing to.
A. no more than B. not more than
C. more than D. no less than
20. —Minister,are you satisfied with the performance of the Chinese athletes in Athens Olympics?
—Yes, it couldn‘t have been ______.
A.worse B. better C. so bad D. the worse
「答案与解析」
1. B.it can‘t be worse 在此相当于 It’s the worst thing I ever knew.
2. C.句意为“我的算术比琼差,但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折 连词 but 及其后的 better.
3. A.We couldn‘t have picked a worst day 与 It is the worst day we’ve picked 同义。
4. A.a better 为 a better one 之省略。注意,a better one (一个更好的)是与前文“我知道这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。
5. A.若选 B 或 C 均不合事实;若选 D,不合语法,因为 few 后要接可数名词的复数形式。
6. B.从句意看,空格处应填比较级 bigger,因此排除A 和 C.选项 B 与 D 的区别是,一个用了不定冠词,一个用了定冠词,两者的区别是,不定冠词表泛指,定冠词表特指。
7. D.由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较,所以应用比较级,不用最高级,由此排除 A 和 C.选项 B 的错误在于用了 more happier 这样的双重比较级(即 more 后不能再加比较级)。
8. A.由关键词 No 可知,此处的意思是“不可能比这更差的(worse)了”。
9. C.more 不可修饰比较级,排除 B 和 D.greater……than others 表示的是最高级意义,故后面用最高级。
10. D.只有表示实际距离的远,才可用 farther(此时也可用 further),否则就用 further.further education 进修; late 迟的;later 后来;lately=recently 近来;latest 最新的。
11. C.still/even/much less 更不用说,更何况。
12. D.“the+比较级,the+比较级”意为“越……就越……”。
13. C.两者比较用比较级,表示“比……”;同级比较用 as……as 或 not as/so……as.句意为“那家商店的电脑将比这家商店的便宜,但不如这家商店的好。”
14. D.no better than =as badly as,意为“一样不好”。
15. A.此题考查比较级的用法。Mary 是想知道她比以往称起来重了多少,故用比较级。“how much+比较级”意为“比以前(重、高、远……)多少”。
16. A.本题关键是对not in the least 的理解,它的意思是“一点也不好”,故可知道天气很糟糕。not 与比较级连用,事实上相当于一个最高级的用法。后句的意思是:一年之中再也碰不到比这更糟糕的天气了。
17. A.根据 How stupid!I fear there‘s no hope for him 可知说话人对 Jim 新工作表现的评价是负面的,故选 A.no better than 表示“与……一样的不好,与……一样的差”之意。句意是:他做新工作与以前工作一样差。他太笨了,我担心他没什么希望了。
18. A.I‘ve never seen a finer one 的实际意思是 This is the finest one I’ve ever seen.
19. C.因为 more than 与形容词连用,意为“非常”。
20. B.从 Yes 可知,说话者对中国运动员的表现是持肯定态度的。couldn‘t……better 指好得不能再好,就是最好的意思。注意:这种 can 的否定式与比较级连用在听力里面也时常出现。
