1.Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human__.C
a. writing b. speaking
c. communication d. reading
2. The study of language as a whole is ofen called__. B
a. applied linguistics b. general linguistics
c.
3. Saussure is a___ lingusit. C
a. American b. Russian c. Swiss
4. It is generally believed that the beginning of morden lingusitics marked by the publication of the book?
course in general linguistics
5. Which of the following is not a major branch of lingusitic? B
a. syntax b.speech
c. phonology d. pragmatics
6. __ deals with how language is acquired, understood and produced? B
a. pragmatics b. psycholinguistics
c. Anthropological linguistics
7. Design features are proposed by the American linguist? C
a. Bloomfield b. Hall c. Hockett d. Harris
8. ___is not a design feature of human language? D
a. Arbitrariness b. displacement
c. Duality d. Diachronicity
9. Among the following words, __ ends with a voiceless sound? C
a. bang b. thud c. crash d. wham
10. Among the following words, __does not ends with a voiceless voiced?A
a. splat b. kin c. tell d. bridge
11. All the initial sounds of the following words are stops(爆破音) except? C
a. Billy b. crazy c. happy d. dizzy
12. All the initial sounds of the following words are fricatives(摩擦音) except? B
a. fine b.write c. shy d. think
13. All the initial sounds of the following words are bilabials(双唇音,如b p m) except? B
a. belly b. calf c. play d. medicine
14. All the following pair words would be treated minimal pairs(最小分别) except? A
a. meal—heat b. heat—heal
c. meal—heal d. bell—bet
15. The word glorification has entered the language by? A
a. derivational process b. add of inflections
c. coinage d. functional shift
16. The word gym is formed by ? A
a. clipping b. coinage
c. borrowing
17.UNESCO belongs to ? D
a. clipped words b. borrowed words
c. blend d. acronyms
18. Syntax is the study of ? B
a. language functions b. sentence structures
c. textual organization
19. The word “lcid, child, offspring” are examples of ? B
a. dialectal synonyms b. stylistic synonyms
c. emotive synonyms d. collocational synonyms
20. All the following pairs of words contain the lexical relation of hyponymy(从属关系) except? C
a. automobile vehicle b. father , parent
c. magazine, dictionary d. fish, shark
21. All the following pairs of words contain the lexical relation of hyponymy except? A
a. water , watemelon b. hurricane, storm
c. ceremony , wedding d. captain, officer
22. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called? D
a. hyponymy b. synonymy
c. polysemy d. homonymy(同形异义)
23. All the following pairs of words contain the lexical relation of hyponymy except? D
a. emotion , love b. move, run
c. occupation, teaching d. rose, tree
24. ___ are a pair of complementary antonyms(互补反义关系)? B
a. doctor, patient b. absent, present
c. old, young d. hot, cold
25. ___ are a pair of gradable antonyms(等级关系)? C
a. alive, dead b. male, female
c. wide, narrow d. vacant, occupied
26. ___ are a pair of relational antonyms? A
a. let, rent b. single, married
c. fail, pass d. appear, diasppear
27. __ is best described as polysemy? C
a. The bookstores has some new titles in linguistics.
b. Yes, I love those. I ate a whole box on Sunday.
c. I had to park on the shoulder of the road.
28. Leila: whoa! Has us boss gone crazy?
Mary: Let’s go get some coffee.
In the conversation, the maxim of ___ has been flouted(违背什么原则)? C
(1) a. quantity b. quality c. relation d. manner
In the utterance “Business is business.” The maxim of ___ has been flouted? A
(2) a. quantity b. quality c. relation d. manner
29. Charlence: I hope you brought the bread and cheese.
Dether: Ah. I brought the bread.”
In the conversation, the maxim of ___ has been flouted? A
a. quantity b. quality c. relation d. manner
30. In the utterance, “ John runs as fast as a deer.”
The maxim of ___ has been flouted? B
a. quantity b. quality c. relation d. manner
第二部分
T or F
1 In ancient China, a famous philosopher named XUN ZI reasoned that a name was accepted, through public agreement, and the appropriateness of naming a thing laying convention. T
2 Aristotle held that there was a universally correct and acceptable logic of language for man to follow in expressing his ideas. F (Plato)
3 A diachronic statement is one about a language at one point in time, whereas a synchronic statement is one about a change or changes that took place over a period of time. F (弄反了)
4 Language study today is descriptive rather prescriptive. T
5 Auditory phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds, the way sounds travel from the speaker to the hearer. F
Articulatory phonetics (production)
Acoustic phonetics (transmission)
6 Place of articulation English speech sounds can be divided into voiceless and voiced sounds. F ( manner of articulation)
7 Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words. T (Phoneme is the focus of Phonetics)
8 Allophone is the phonetic variant of a phoneme, which can be substituted for another without bringing about a change of meaning. T
9 Language of the world can be classified morphologically into 2 types: isolating&inflecting. F( 还有 agglutinating)
10 Today’s English is more similar to an isolating language. T
11 Words can have 2 kinds of meanings: denotative(字面) and connotative. Connotative meaning includes all the feelings, associations and emotions that a word touches off in different type. T
12 According to Austin, illocutionary act refers to the basic literal meaning of the utterance which is conveyed by particular words and structures which the utterance contains. F (locutionary)
13 The cooperative principle holds that people in conversation normally cooperate with one another, and that they assume that the others are cooperating to a maximum extent. T
14 The uss of conversational maxims to imply meaning during conversation is called conversational implicative. T
第三部分
1 what determines whether a string of words in language is language is a sentence or simply a string of un related words----syntax (句子如何组成合法句)
2 how do people use language within a context --pragmatics
3 what are words like? –morphology
4what are speech sounds? What is their physical nature?—phonetics (孤立研究詞,句意義)
5 how do sounds behave in languages? –phonology
6 why does one set of words mean one thing and a similar set mean something very different?—semeics 語義學,特定語境下的意義
7 when do two different sentences mean the same thing? How can one sentence mean more than one thing? --pragmatics 語境(同距在不同地方有不同意義)
8 How similar are the process of listening and reading ?—Psycholinguistics (comprehension production , mental process through 語言習得acquisition)
9 What are the major feature of the English language as it is used by women native speakers?—sociolinguistics
10 How do we decide what is a dialect or accent and what is a language?—sociolinguistics
11 (comprehension)
What mechanisms operate during speech production to ensure that all the words come out in the right order and with the right intonation? –Psycholinguistics
12 How do speakers signal their identity in the language they use, and why do people who live in specific communities sometimes speak in a similar way?—sociolinguistics
13 How to teach a foreign language?—applied linguistics
14 To what extent do children vary in their language acquisition and usage? And why?—Psycholinguistics
15 Examine the text of a play for evidence of implicit messages, and consider what the playwright is deliberately conveying about the attitudes and personality of the characters?—applied linguistics把語言學運用到文學研究/statistics
大题考下面三个. Key words
Context 語境
Speech act theory first, second language acquisition