
1.范围
本标准规定了注射、压制、挤塑等成型的热塑性和热固性塑料(不包括二次加工和发泡成型的塑料件)尺寸公差、偏差、公差等级的选用、测量条件和测量方法。
本标准主要适用于电子产品用塑料件尺寸公差,其他产品用塑料件尺寸公差,亦可参照采用。
2.引用标准
下列标准所包含的条文,通过在标准中引用而构成本标准的条文。在标准出版时,所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订,使用标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。
GB1800-79 公差与配合 总论 标准公差与基本偏差
GB3177-82 光滑工件尺寸的检验
GJB4458.5-84 机械制图 尺寸公差与配合注法
3.定义
3.1基本尺寸 basic size
设计给定的尺寸。
3.2实际尺寸 actral size
通过测量所得的尺寸。
3.3尺寸公差 dimensional tolerance
允许尺寸的变动量。
3.4尺寸偏差 dimensional deviation
某一尺寸减去基本尺寸所得的代数差。
3.5塑料收缩率 plastic shringkage
塑料件尺寸与相应模具尺寸之差的绝对值与相应模具尺寸之比。
3.6径向收缩率 radial shringkage
指料流方向的塑料收缩率。
3.7切向收缩率 tangential shringkage
指垂直于料流方向的塑料收缩率。
3.8收缩特性值 contraction chararcteristic value
表示料流方向和垂直于料流方向的塑料综合收缩能力,以2倍径向减去切向收缩的绝对值之差表示。
3.9受模具活动部分影响的尺寸 size effected movable parts of mould
由模具活动零件决定的塑料件尺寸。
4 公差及偏差规定
4.1尺寸公差、偏关的规定
基本尺寸范围为~3至600mm。基本尺寸分段~3至120mm。采用不均匀递增数列:140~1600mm,采用R20优先数系。
4.2公差等级及数值
公差等级分为10级,每一级公差数值按表1规定。
4.3 偏差的规定
本标准只规定公差,而基本尺寸的上下偏差,可按需要分配。例如:Φ60mm的6级公差为0.32mm,其上下偏差可分配为:
Φ60mm,Φ60mm,Φ60mm,Φ60mm,Φ60mm
4.4 受模具活动部分影响的尺寸公差
受模具活动部分影响的尺寸公差,为本标准规定的公差值与附加值之和。1、2级附加值为0.02mm:3、4级附加值为0.04mm:5至7级附加值为0.1mm:8、10级附加值为0.2mm:
5未注公差
尺寸未注公差,按表1规定的7~10级公差选用。
公差等级的选用
公差等级的选用,按表2规定。
表1
| 基本尺寸 | 公差等级 | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
| 公差数值 | ||||||||||
| ~3 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.48 | 
| >3~6 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.56 | 
| >6~10 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0. | 
| >10~14 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.72 | 
| >14~18 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.80 | 
| >18~24 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.88 | 
| >24~30 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.48 | 0. | 0.96 | 
| >30~40 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.52 | 0.72 | 1.0 | 
| >40~50 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 040 | 0.56 | 0.80 | 1.2 | 
| >50~65 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0. | 0.92 | 1.4 | 
| >65~80 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 0.76 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 
| >80~100 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.88 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 
| 120 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.50 | 0.68 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 12.0 | 
| 140 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 
| 160 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.62 | 0.84 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 
| 180 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 0.68 | 0.92 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 
| 200 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.74 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 
| 225 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.82 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 
| 250 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 
| 280 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.50 | 0.68 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 
| 315 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.55 | 0.74 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 
| 355 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.82 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 
| 400 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 0.65 | 0.90 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 
| 450 | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 5.6 | 
| 500 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 6.4 | 
| 560 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 0. | 0.88 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 7.1 | 
| 630 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 0.72 | 0.99 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 7.9 | 
| 710 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 8.8 | 
| 800 | 0.46 | 0. | 0.90 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 9.8 | 
| 900 | 0.52 | 0.72 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 10.8 | 
| 1000 | 0.60 | 0.82 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 8.5 | 12.8 | 
| 1200 | 0.76 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 
| 1400 | 0.88 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 
| 1600 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 18 | 
| 注:表中公差值用于基准孔或非基准孔时取(+)号;用于基准轴或非配合轴取(-)值,用于非配合长度取半值冠以正负(±)号 | ||||||||||
| 材料 | 相应的公差等级 | ||||
| 收缩特性值 | 代号 | 名称 | 高精度 | 一般精度 | 低精度 | 
| 0~1 | ABS | 苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 
| AS | 丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物 | ||||
| GRD | 30%玻璃纤维增强塑料 | ||||
| HIPS | 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯 | ||||
| MF | 氨基塑料 | ||||
| PBTP | 聚对苯酸丁二酯 | ||||
| PC | 聚碳酸酯 | ||||
| PETP | 聚对苯酸丁二酯 | ||||
| PF | 酚醛塑料 | ||||
| PMMA | 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 | ||||
| PPE | 聚苯硫醚(增强) | ||||
| PPO | 聚苯醚 | ||||
| PPS | 聚苯醚砜 | ||||
| PS | 聚苯乙烯 | ||||
| PSU | 聚砜 | ||||
| 1~2 | PA | 聚酰胺6、66、610、9、1010 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 
| 氯化聚醚 | |||||
| PVC | 聚氯乙烯(硬) | ||||
| 2~3 | PE | 聚乙烯(高密度) | 6 | 7 | 8 | 
| POM | 聚甲醛 | ||||
| PP | 聚丙烯 | ||||
| 3~4 | PE | 聚乙烯(低密度) | 8 | 9 | 10 | 
| PVC | 聚氯乙烯(软) | ||||
| 注 :1、其他材料,可按加工尺寸的稳定性,参照表2选取公差等级。 2、1、2级为精密级,只有在特殊条件下才采用。 3、当沿脱模方向两端尺寸均在要求时,应考虑脱模斜度对公差的影响。 4、其他增强塑料的收缩特性性值,应比表2 中规定的小,或由试验结果定。  | |||||
6.1 公差测量条件
a.标准测量温度为20±2℃;
b.相对湿度为(65±5)%;
c.待塑料件成型后24h及“后处理”后进行测量。
6.2 公差的测量方法
公差的测量方法和量具,按GB3177的规定。
7公差的注法
公差的注法,按GB4458.5的规定。
TABLE 1 : DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES - GROUP 1 MATERIALS
| NOMINAL DIMENSIONS (mm) | TOLERANCES ± (mm) | |||
| Fine | Commercial | |||
| Up to 1 | 0.05 | 0.07 | ||
| Over 1 | up to and inc | 3 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 
| Over 3 | up to and inc | 6 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 
| Over 6 | up to and inc | 10 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 
| Over 10 | up to and inc | 15 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 
| Over 15 | up to and inc | 22 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 
| Over 22 | up to and inc | 30 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 
| Over 30 | up to and inc | 40 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 
| Over 40 | up to and inc | 55 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 
| Over 55 | up to and inc | 70 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 
| Over 70 | up to and inc | 90 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 
| Over 90 | up to and inc | 120 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 
| Over 120 | up to and inc | 160 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 
| Over 160 | up to and inc | 200 | 0.36 | 0.51 | 
| Over 200 | up to and inc | 250 | 0.44 | 0.68 | 
| Over 250 | up to and inc | 315 | 0.55 | 0.85 | 
| Over 315 | up to and inc | 400 | 0.70 | 1.08 | 
| Over 400 | up to and inc | 500 | 0.90 | 1.38 | 
| Over 500 | up to and inc | 650 | 1.20 | 1.83 | 
| Over 650 | up to and inc | 800 | 1.50 | 2.28 | 
| Over 800 | up to and inc | 1000 | 1.90 | 2.90 | 
| Over 1000 | up to and inc | 1200 | 2.30 | 3.50 | 
| Over 1200 | up to and inc | 1400 | 2.65 | 4.05 | 
| Over 1400 | up to and inc | 1600 | 3.05 | 4.65 | 
| Over 1600 | up to and inc | 1800 | 3.40 | 5.20 | 
| Over 1800 | up to and inc | 2000 | 3.80 | 5.80 | 
| NOMINAL DIMENSIONS (mm) | TOLERANCES ± (mm) | |||
| Fine | Commercial | |||
| Up to 1 | 0.06 | 0.08 | ||
| Over 1 | up to and inc | 3 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 
| Over 3 | up to and inc | 6 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 
| Over 6 | up to and inc | 10 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 
| Over 10 | up to and inc | 15 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 
| Over 15 | up to and inc | 22 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 
| Over 22 | up to and inc | 30 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 
| Over 30 | up to and inc | 40 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 
| Over 40 | up to and inc | 55 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 
| Over 55 | up to and inc | 70 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 
| Over 70 | up to and inc | 90 | 0.26 | 0.41 | 
| Over 90 | up to and inc | 120 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 
| Over 120 | up to and inc | 160 | 0.38 | 0.62 | 
| Over 160 | up to and inc | 200 | 0.45 | 0.79 | 
| Over 200 | up to and inc | 250 | 0.60 | 0.95 | 
| Over 250 | up to and inc | 315 | 0.75 | 1.20 | 
| Over 315 | up to and inc | 400 | 0.98 | 1.63 | 
| Over 400 | up to and inc | 500 | 1.28 | 2.13 | 
| Over 500 | up to and inc | 650 | 1.73 | 2.88 | 
| Over 650 | up to and inc | 800 | 2.18 | 3.63 | 
| Over 800 | up to and inc | 1000 | 2.80 | 4.63 | 
| Over 1000 | up to and inc | 1200 | 3.35 | 5.55 | 
| Over 1200 | up to and inc | 1400 | 3.90 | 6.50 | 
| Over 1400 | up to and inc | 1600 | 4.50 | 7.40 | 
| Over 1600 | up to and inc | 1800 | 5.05 | 8.30 | 
| Over 1800 | up to and inc | 2000 | 5.60 | 9.25 | 
| NOMINAL DIMENSIONS (mm) | TOLERANCES ± (mm) | |||
| Fine | Commercial | |||
| Up to 1 | 0.07 | 0.10 | ||
| Over 1 | up to and inc | 3 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 
| Over 3 | up to and inc | 6 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 
| Over 6 | up to and inc | 10 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 
| Over 10 | up to and inc | 15 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 
| Over 15 | up to and inc | 22 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 
| Over 22 | up to and inc | 30 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 
| Over 30 | up to and inc | 40 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 
| Over 40 | up to and inc | 55 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 
| Over 55 | up to and inc | 70 | 0.28 | 0.41 | 
| Over 70 | up to and inc | 90 | 0.34 | 0.51 | 
| Over 90 | up to and inc | 120 | 0.41 | 0.62 | 
| Over 120 | up to and inc | 160 | 0.52 | 0.79 | 
| Over 160 | up to and inc | 200 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 
| Over 200 | up to and inc | 250 | 0.80 | 1.20 | 
| Over 250 | up to and inc | 315 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 
| Over 315 | up to and inc | 400 | 1.35 | 2.05 | 
| Over 400 | up to and inc | 500 | 1.75 | 2.65 | 
| Over 500 | up to and inc | 650 | 2.35 | 3.55 | 
| Over 650 | up to and inc | 800 | 2.95 | 4.45 | 
| Over 800 | up to and inc | 1000 | 3.75 | 5.65 | 
| Over 1000 | up to and inc | 1200 | 4.50 | 6.80 | 
| Over 1200 | up to and inc | 1400 | 5.25 | 7.90 | 
| Over 1400 | up to and inc | 1600 | 6.00 | 9.05 | 
| Over 1600 | up to and inc | 1800 | 6.75 | 10.15 | 
| Over 1800 | up to and inc | 2000 | 7.50 | 11.30 | 
| MATERIAL | Mould Shrinkage per cent | Coeff . linear expansion 10-6 /°C-1  | ||
| ABS | 0.4 - | 0.8 | 50 - | 110 | 
| ABS - 30% glass filled | 0.1 - | 0.3 | 35 - | 50 | 
| Acetal | 1.5 - | 2.5 | 90 - | 150 | 
| Acetal - 30% glass filled | 0.5 - | 1.5 | 35 - | 80 | 
| Acrylic | 0.2 - | 0.8 | 50 - | 90 | 
| Cellulose Acetate | 0.3 - | 0.8 | 80 - | 160 | 
| Cellulose Acetate Butyrate | 0.2 - | 0.7 | 110 - | 170 | 
| Diallyl Phthalate | 0.2 - | 0.9 | 10 - | 60 | 
| Ethylene Vinyl Acetate | 0.7 - | 1.2 | 230 - | 250 | 
| Melamine Formaldehyde | 0.6 - | 0.8 | 10 - | 50 | 
| Nylon 6 | 0.6 - | 2.5 | 70 - | 170 | 
| Nylon 6-30% glass filled | 0.2 - | 1.2 | 15 - | 30 | 
| Nylon 66 | 0.7 - | 2.5 | 60 - | 110 | 
| Nylon 66 - 30% glass filled | 0.2 - | 1.2 | 15 - | 30 | 
| Nylon 11 | 0.9 - | 2.0 | 90 - | 150 | 
| Nylon 11 - 30% glass filled | 0.3 - | 0.7 | 10 - | 40 | 
| Nylon 12 | 0.3 - | 2.0 | 90 - | 130 | 
| Nylon 12 - 30% glass filled | 0.5 - | 1.5 | 30 - | 70 | 
| Phenol Formaldehyde | 0.2 - | 1.5 | 15 - | 30 | 
| Polycarbonate | 0.5 - | 0.8 | 20 - | 70 | 
| Polycarbonate - 30% glass filled | 0.2 - | 0.6 | 20 - | 30 | 
| Polycarbonate / ABS (Bayblend) | 0.4 - | 0.7 | 70 - | 85 | 
| Polyester, laminates | 0.1 - | 1.2 | 10 - | 50 | 
| Polyester, thermoplastic | ||||
| Polybutylene Terephthalate | 1.2 - | 2.3 | 80 - | 180 | 
| Polybutylene Terephthalate - 30% glass filled | 0.2 - | 1.5 | 30 - | 60 | 
| Polyethylene Terephthalate | 1.3 - | 1.6 | 70 - | 150 | 
| Polyethylene Terephthalate - 30% glass filled | 0.2 - | 2.0 | 20 - | 40 | 
| Polyester, thermoplastic elastomer | 0.3 - | 1.4 | 140 - | 210 | 
| Polyethylene, low density | 1.0 - | 4.4 | 200 - | 250 | 
| Polyethylene, high density | 1.5 - | 3.3 | 150 - | 200 | 
| Polyethylene Oxide-mod-(Noryl) | 0.5 - | 0.7 | 60 - | 70 | 
| Polyethylene Oxide-mod-30% - glass filled | 0.1 - | 0.3 | 20 - | 30 | 
| Polypropylene | 1.3 - | 2.5 | 110 - | 170 | 
| Polypropylene - 20% talc filled | 0.8 - | 1.8 | 70 - | 110 | 
| Polypropylene - 20% glass filled | 0.7 - | 2.0 | 60 - | 140 | 
| Polypropylene - asbestos filled | 0.4 - | 1.2 | 20 - | 40 | 
| Polypropylene - rubber modified | 0.8 - | 2.0 | 50 - | 140 | 
| Polystyrene | 0.2 - | 0.8 | 35 - | 100 | 
| Polyurethane thermoplastic | ||||
| greater than 50 Shore D | 0.8 - | 1.8 | 130 - | 120 | 
| equal or less than 50 Shore D | 1.0 - | 2.0 | 150 - | 225 | 
| Polyurethane, RIM | 1.2 - | 1.8 | 90 - | 150 | 
| Polyurethane, RRIM | 0.3 - | 0.6 | 30 - | 180 | 
| Polyvinyl Chloride - rigid | 0.2 - | 5.0 | 50 – | 100 | 
| Polyvinyl Chloride - flexible | 0.7 - | 5.0 | 70 - | 250 | 
| Styrene Acrylonitrile | 0.2 - | 0.6 | 50 - | 110 | 
| Urea Formaldehyde | 0.6 - | 1.4 | 30 - | 50 | 
The mould shrinkage and coefficient of expansion of fibre filled materials will vary in directions parallel and perpendicular to the flow.
常 用 材 料 性 能
通用塑料:价格低、产量大、用途广;酚醛塑料PF,氨基塑料,PVC,PE,PS,PP
工程塑料:力学性能、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、尺寸稳定性、有一定的金属特性;PA、PC、POM、ABS、PSF、聚苯醚、聚氯醚
增强塑料:玻璃纤维等增强材料,提高了力学性能,如抗拉强度、抗弯强度、疲劳强度、抗蠕变性、刚度和表面硬度
改善了热性能,如提高了热变形温度、降低了线膨胀系数、提高了热导系数、改善了阻燃性
降低了吸水性,提高了尺寸稳定性,抑制了应力开裂等
但增强制品接缝强度和光泽性降低,增强力学性能、成型收缩率和线膨胀系数出现不同程度的方向性
拉西格流动性 熔体指数
PE: 高频绝缘材料,耐热性不高,长期使用温度:低密度≤80℃、高密度≤100℃,
耐寒性好:—60℃仍正常
化学稳定性好,在热、光、氧气作用下发生老化、变脆
强度、表面硬度、弹性模量较低
成型性能:吸水性小,可不预热,易变形
PP: 耐水性、化学稳定性、成型性好,在120℃时能正常工作
力学性能较好:抗弯强度和抗拉强度
严重缺陷:在氧、热、光作用下容易降解、老化,需加入稳定剂
成型性能:流动性好,收缩率大,易产生缩孔、凹痕、变形等
当模温<50℃时,制品不光泽,易产生熔接痕
当模温>90℃时,易产生翘曲、变形等
PA: 有很好的抗拉强度、硬度、耐磨性和自润滑性
有很好的耐冲击性能,耐磨性高于铜,疲劳强度与铸铁、铝合金相当
耐热性不高,长期使用<80℃
成型性能:收缩率大,易产生缩孔、凹痕、变形等
ABS:A(丙稀腈)使ABS具有较高的强度、硬度、耐热性及耐化学稳定性
B(丁二稀)使ABS具有弹性和较高的冲击韧度
C(苯乙烯)使ABS具有优良的介电性和成型加工性能
在一定的温度范围内具有较高的冲击韧度、表面硬度及耐磨性
热变形温度为100℃左右,耐热性不高,耐低温性和耐紫外线性能差
其尺寸稳定性好、表面光泽、可以抛光和电镀
成型性能:流动性好,成型收缩率小,吸水性大,成型前必须充分预干燥,表面要求光泽的制品要长时间干燥
POM:优异的力学性能,强度、硬度很高,弹性模量很大,有很好的冲击韧度和耐疲劳强度好的耐磨性
热变形温度较高,可在100℃时连续使用,但热稳定性较差,加热分解,在光、氧作用下易老化
成型性能:吸水性小,尺寸稳定性好熔融和冷凝速度快,易产生毛斑、折皱、熔接痕收缩率大
PC: 抗拉和抗弯强度好,抗冲击和抗蠕变性能突出,制品尺寸稳定,耐疲劳强度低、易产生应力开裂,耐磨性差,耐热性和耐寒性好,长期使用温度达130℃,脆化温度为—100℃,吸水率小
成型性能:熔融温度高220~230℃,流动性差,冷却快了易产生内应力,0.2%的水分能使制品产生气泡、银丝和斑痕,需烘干,收缩率小
