
▪Mo-tzu
▪The next major philosopher after Confucius was Mo Tzu. His family name was Mo and his personal name was Di. His exact dates are uncertain, but probably he lived sometime within the years 479-381 B.C.
▪The Mo-tzu
▪The main source for the study of his thought is the book bearing his name, the Mo-tzu, which contains 53 chapters and is a collection of writings by his followers as well as by himself.
▪The thoughts of Mo Tzu
▪1. All-embracing love is a central concept in Mo Tzu’s philosophy, and represents a logical extension of the professional ethics of the class of knight from which Mo Tzu sprang. This ethics was “ enjoy equally and suffer equally”. It does not make distinctions between self and other, associates and strangers, a doctrine often described more simplistically as "universal love".
▪The thoughts of Mo Tzu
▪2. Mozi founded a quasi-religious and paramilitary community that, apart from propagating the ten theses, lent aid to small states under threat from military aggressors with their expertise in counter-siege technology.
▪Mohists wrote the earliest extant Chinese treatise on logic, as well as works on geometry, optics and mechanics.
▪The dispute between Confucianism and Mohism
▪ Along with the Confucians, the Mohists were one of the two most prominent schools of thought during the Warring States period (403-221 BC).
▪He is best remembered for being the first major intellectual rival to Confucius and his followers.
▪案例一
▪巫马子谓子墨子曰:
▪“我与子异,我不能兼爱。
▪我爱邹人于越人,
▪爱鲁人于邹人,
▪爱我乡人于鲁人,
▪爱我家人于乡人,
▪爱我亲于我家人,
▪爱我身于吾亲,
▪以为近我也。
▪击我则疾,
▪击彼则不疾于我,
▪我何故疾者之不拂,
▪而不疾者之拂?
▪故有我,有杀彼以利我,
▪无杀我以利彼。”
▪案例一
▪子墨子曰:
▪“子之义将匿耶?
▪意将以告人乎?”
▪巫马子曰:
▪“我何故匿我义?
▪吾将以告人。”
▪案例一
▪子墨子曰:
▪“然则一人说子,
▪一人欲杀子以利己;
▪十人说子,
▪十人欲杀子以利己;
▪天下说子,
▪天下欲杀子以利己。
▪一人不说子,一人欲杀子,
▪以子为施不祥言者也;
▪十人不说子,十人欲杀子,
▪以子为施不祥言者也;
▪天下不说子,天下欲杀子,
▪以子为施不祥言者也。
▪说子亦欲杀子,
▪不说子亦欲杀子,
▪是所谓经者口也,
▪杀常之身者也。”
▪子墨子曰:
▪“子之言恶利也?
▪若无所利而言,是荡口也。”
▪案例二
▪巫马子谓子墨子曰:
▪“子之为义也,
▪人不见而助,
▪鬼不见而富,
▪而子为之,
▪有狂疾。”
▪子墨子曰:
▪“今使子有二臣于此,
▪其一人者见子从事,
▪不见子则不从事。
▪其一人者见子亦从事,
▪不见子亦从事,
▪子谁贵于此二人?”
▪︱︱《耕柱第四十六》
▪案例二
▪巫马子曰:
▪“我贵其见我亦从事,
▪不见我亦从事者。
▪”子墨子曰:
▪“然则是子亦贵有狂疾者。”
▪孔墨之别
▪1.时代不同:春秋和战国。
▪2.立场不同:
▪3.他们代表的士不同:
▪秦汉以前的社会阶层:天子、诸侯、大夫、士;
▪秦汉之后,平民: 士、农、工、商。
