1. Translate the following into English. (50 points)
使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素,莫如“渐”;造物主骗人的手段,也莫如“渐”。在不知不觉之中,天真烂漫的孩子“渐渐”变成野心勃勃的青年;慷慨豪侠的青年“渐渐”变成冷酷的成人;血气旺盛的成人“渐渐”变成玩固的老头子。因为其变更是渐进的,一年一年的地, 一月一月地,一日一日地,一时一时地,一分一分地,一秒一秒地渐进,犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来,使人不察其递降的痕迹,不见其各阶段的境界,而似乎觉得常在同样的地位,恒久不变,又无时不有生的意趣与价值,于是人生就被确实肯定,而圆滑进行了。假如昨夜的孩子今朝忽然变成青年;或朝为青年而暮忽成老人,人一定要惊讶,感慨,悲伤,或痛感人生的无常,而不乐为人了。故可知人生是由“渐”维持的。这在女人恐怕尤为必要:歌剧中,舞台上的如花的少女,就是将来火炉旁边的老婆子,这句话骤听使人不能相信,少女也不肯承认,实则现在的老婆子都是由如花的少女“渐渐”变成的。
人生能堪受境遇的变衰,也全靠这“渐”的助力。巨富的纨绔子弟因屡次破产而“渐渐”荡尽其家产,变为贫者;贫者只得做雇工,雇工往往变为奴隶,奴隶容易变为无赖,无赖与乞丐相去甚远,乞丐不妨做偷儿……这样的例,在小说中,在实际上,均多得很。因为其变衰是延长为十年二十年而一步一步地“渐渐”地达到的,在本人不感到甚么强烈的刺激。故虽到了饥寒病苦刑笞交迫的地步,仍是喜熙然贪恋着目前的生的欢喜。假如一位千金之子忽然变了乞丐或偷儿,这人一定愤不欲生了。
2. Translate the following part into Chinese. (50 points)
Fame is very much like an animal chasing its own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and the exhilarating celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic isn’t it?
Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marketed aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artist hostage to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the audience may turn away and look to confer fleeting fickle fame on another and then, in time, on another, and so on and so on.
【 参考译文】
1. Translate the following into English. (50 points)
The subtle factor that makes life endurable is “gradualness”. It is by this “gradualness” that the Creator deceives all humans. Through the process of imperceptible gradual change, innocent kids become ambitious youths, chivalrous youths become unfeeling grownups, aggressive grownups become mulish old fogeys. Since the change takes place by slow degrees---year by year, month by month, day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, second by second, you feel as if you were permanently your same old self always seeing much fun and meaning in life, like one, walking a long, long way down an extremely gentle mountain slope, hardly perceives its degree of incline or notices the altered scenes as he moves alone. You thus take a positive view of life and find it endurable. Suppose a kid suddenly became a young man overnight, or a young man suddenly became an old man in a matter of hours from dawn till dusk, you would definitely feel astonished, emotionally stirred and sad, or lose any interest in life due to its transience. Hence it is evident that life is sustained by “gradualness”. This “gradualness” is particularly crucial to women. Beautiful young ladies starring in an opera or stage show will someday end up becoming grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire. This may at first sound incredible and young ladies may refuse to accept it as true. Fact is, however, all aged women you meet today have without exception “gradually” evolved from beautiful young ladies of yesterday.
It is also due to this “gradualness” that one is able to reconcile himself to his reduced circumstances. Fiction and reality abound with instances of a good-for-nothing young man from a wealthy family “gradually” ruining his family by repeated business failures and becoming in turn a poor wretch, a hired laborer, a slave, a rogue, a pauper and a thief…Since it is a process of “gradual” change covering, say, ten to twenty years, he doesn’t experience any terrible emotional shock at all. Therefore, in spite of all the intense sufferings---hunger, cold, illness, imprisonment, torture, he continues to cling to the present life. On the other hand, however, if the wealthy young man were all of a sudden reduced to begging and thieving, he would definitely feel too aggrieved to go on living.
【要点指津】
1.使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素,莫如“渐”;“The subtle factor that makes life endurable is ‘gradualness’”。
第一,“渐” 也可译为gradual change,但是用gradualness更好,因为原文也只有一个字。第二,“使人生圆滑进行”的意思必须结合上下文来理解,大体上指“使人感到,人生在世,日子还算好过”,所以不宜直译为to make life smooth。现译为to make life endurable,其中endurable 的意思是“可忍受的”。此句也可译为to make life a lot easier for us.
2.……犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来,使人不察其递降的痕迹,不见其各阶段的境界,而似乎觉得常在同样的地位,恒久不变,又无时不有生的意趣与价值…… “you feel as if you were permanently your same old self always seeing much fun and meaning in life, like one, walking a long, long way down an extremely gentle mountain slope, hardly perceives its degree of incline or notices the altered scenes as he moves alone.”。
第一,“犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来,使人不察其递降的痕迹……”译为like one, walking a long, long way down an extremely gentle mountain slope, hardly perceives its degree of incline…,其中like相当于as,作“如同”解。此用法虽不够标准,但已日见常用。第二, “似乎觉得常在同样的地位,恒久不变”译为you feel as if you were permanently your same old self, 采用意译,较简洁灵活。
3.这在女人恐怕尤为必要:歌剧中,舞台上的如花的少女,就是将来火炉旁边的老婆子…… “ This ‘gradualness’ is particularly crucial to omen. Beautiful young ladies starring in an opera or stage show will someday end up becoming grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire. This may at first sound incredible and young ladies may refuse to accept it as true.”
第一,“歌剧中,舞台上的如花的少女”指“歌剧中,舞台上的漂亮女演员”,译为Beautiful young ladies starring in an opera or stage show,其中starring(扮演主角)是译文中的必要增益成分,也可用performing(表演)代替。第二,“就是将来火炉旁边的老婆子”译为will someday end up becoming grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire,其中end up…是短语,作“以……告终”解,someday作“总有一天”解。第三,“就是将来”如译will in the future become...,稍嫌平淡,不如 will someday end up becoming…有力。最后,译文用grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire代替grannies sitting around a fire, 能更好地表达老婆子衰老无力的样子,其中稍有增益,但并不超越原意。
4. 因类其变衰是延长为十年二十年而一步一步地“渐渐”地达到的,…… “Since it is a process of “gradual” change covering, say, ten to twenty years”。
此句中的say作“例如”,“比如说”解,相当于let’s say,是译文中的增译成分。
2. Translate the following part into Chinese. (50 points)
声誉极像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物,抓住后除了继续追逐不舍之外,再也没有其他方法了。声誉和随之而来的令人兴奋的赞扬迫着这位出了名的人走自己的末路。这难道不令人啼笑皆非吗?
在已出了名的人们中间,绝大多数是因有一技之长,如唱歌、舞蹈、绘画、写作等等,而获此声誉的。这位成功的表演者展示出一种在市场上可以争雄制胜的风格,因而获得声誉。而且也就是这种声誉常使表演者确信必须把这种风格坚持下去,因为看来这正是大众所需要和喜爱的。可是随着时间之转移,歌手年复一年地依老调唱老歌,画师画同样的风景人物,演员反复重演同一角色,都会感到厌烦。为了维持自己的成功和声誉,群众的要求竟把这位艺术家如人质般束缚住了。如果这位艺术家企图改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话,听众观众就会舍他而去,把好飘忽不定的称誉转移给别人。随后又转移给另一人,这样不停地转来转去。
【要点指津】
1.Ironic isn’t it? “这难道不令人啼笑皆非吗?”
Ironic isn’t it?本句是一个反问句,译为“这难道不……?”
2.The successful performer develops a style that is marketed aggressively…“这位成功的表演者展示出一种在市场上可以争雄制胜的风格……
这里的aggressive 不作“侵略性的”,而指在市场可以“争雄制胜的”。
3.…or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. “演员反复重演同一角色,都会感到厌烦”
这里的character 是指剧中的角色。
4. The demand of the public holds the artist hostage to his or her own success, fame. “为了维持自己的成功和声誉,群众的要求竟把这位艺术家如人质般束缚住了。”
此句较难理解,意思是:公众将艺术家作为人质,也就是说如果艺术家令他们不满意,他们就不给他声誉。