
一、26个英文字母与发音音标如下: A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [dʒi:] H h [eitʃ]
I i [ai] J j [dʒei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [əʊ ] P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′dʌbəlju:]
X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] / [zed]
二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: 1)含元音音素[ei] 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: [ei] [eitʃ] [dʒei] [kei] 2) 含元音音素[i:] 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [dʒi:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:] 3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed] 4) 含元音字母Uu或元音音素[u:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww 音标: [ju:] [kju:] [′dʌbəlju:]
5) 含元音音素[ai] 字母: Ii Yy 音标: [ai] [wai]
6) Don’t forget Oo /əʊ/ and Rr/ɑ:/
三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。
不定冠词a放在辅音开头的词前;an放在元音开头的词前。大多数元音字母开头的词,一般发元音,但有些就不是,如字母Uu, 单词useful, university, European等。一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音,但有些就不是,如hour, honest这两个单词中h都不发音。如:1) an Aa / Ee / Ii / Oo, an Ll / Ss / Xx / Rr
an orange/apple/egg/ English teacher/ eraser / ID card/ 11-year-old boy;
an hour [′aʊə] 一小时,an honest man一个诚实的人〔这儿的h不发音〕
an 8-year-old boy 一位八岁的男孩an eggan eraser
2) a Uu/ Bb / Pp a useful [′jU:sful]book一本有用的书〔这儿u第一个音发/ j/〕a university[ju::nɪ′vɜ:sɪtɪ] 一座大学a European[′ju:rəpɪən] man 一位欧州人如:There is an “r〞 and a “u〞in the word “ruler〞.
He is an English teacher. He’ll be back in half an hour.
I eat an apple and a pear every day.
四、英语国际音标表〔48个〕
元音
| (20个) | 单元音(12个) | 长元音 | [i:] | [] | [] | [u:] | [a:] | |||||
| 短元音 | [i] | [] | [] | [u] | [] | [e] | [] | |||||
| 双元音(8个) | [ai] | [ei] | [i] | [i] | [] | [u] | [] | [au] | ||||
| 辅音 (28个) | 10对(20个) | 清辅音 | [p] | [t] | [k] | [f] | [s] | [] | [ ∫ ] | [] | [tr] | [ts] |
| 浊辅音 | [b] | [d] | [g] | [v] | [z] | [] | [ ] | [ dʒ] | [dr] | [dz] | ||
| 鼻音(3个) | [m] | [n] | [] | |||||||||
| 似拼音(3个) | [h] | [r] | [l] | |||||||||
| 半元音(2个) | [w] | [j] | ||||||||||
| 前元音 | /i:/ | /ɪ/ | /e/ | /æ/ | ||||||
| 后元音 | /ɑ:/ | /ɒ/ | /ɔ:/ | /ʊ/ | /U:/ | |||||
| 中元音 | / ʌ/ | /ɜ:/ | /ə/ | |||||||
| 双元音 | /eɪ/ | /aɪ/ | /ɔɪ/ | /əʊ/ | /aʊ/ | /ɪə/ | /eə/ | /ʊə/ | ||
| 爆破音 | /p/ | /b/ | / t/ | /d/ | / k/ | /g/ | ||||
| 摩擦音 | /f/ | /v/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /ʒ/ | / r/ | / h/ |
| 破擦音 | /ts/ | /dz/ | /tr/ | /dr/ | /tʃ/ | /dʒ/ | ||||
| 鼻辅音 | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | |||||||
| 舌侧音 | / ǀ/ | |||||||||
| 半元音 | / j/ | / w/ |
从音标到字母和字母组合
1、单元音: [i:]: ⑴e:he she me we these Chinese Japanese
⑵ea:tea eat meat sea
⑶ee:see tree meet green teen
⑷ei:receive
⑸ey:key
⑹i:police policeman policewoman machine
⑺eo:people
⑻ie:piece field believe thief
[ɪ]:⑴a:orange cabbage
⑵ay:Sunday holiday
⑶e:begin English pretty cinema
⑷ey:monkey volleyball
⑸i:it is in big this
⑹y:city very sorry
⑺u:busy
⑻ui:build building
⑼ai:captain mountain certainly
[e]: ⑴a:any many anyone anything anybody anywhere
⑵ai:saidpaid
⑶ay:says
⑷e:pen bed yes egg desk
⑸ea:bread head breakfast
⑹u:bury
[æ]:a:bag am and at sad happy handsome
[ɑ:]:⑴a:class banana father after
⑵al:half palm calm
⑶ar:car far park arm star party
⑷au:aunt laugh
⑸ear:heart
[ʌ ]:⑴o: e none love other mother another some money honey
⑵oo:blood flood
⑶ou:touch country enough young
⑷u:bus sun but cut up us mutton
[ɜ:]:⑴ear:learn earth early heard
⑵er:her term
⑶ir:first girl bird skirt sir third
⑷or在/ w/后:work word world worse worst
⑸ur:nurse turn hurt Thursday
⑹yr:myrtle
⑺our:journalist journal
[ə]:⑴a:along about banana Canada China
⑵e:student open children different differently
⑶i:holiday April
⑷o:today wele police
⑸u:minus autumn
⑹er:father mother brother sister player singer winner meter
⑺or:doctor forget mirror color visitor actor
⑻ar:sugar grammar
⑼re:metre tired fire
⑽ou:delicious previous
⑾ur:surprise Saturday
⑿our:colour
⒀ure:picture pleasure nature future temperature
⒁oar:cupboard
⒂yr:martyr satyr
[u:]:⑴ew:flew grew review blew threw
⑵o:do to who whose whom
⑶oo:too zoo food pool boot school
⑷ou:soup group through
⑸u:blue glue June
⑹ui:fruit juice
⑺oe:shoe
[ʊ]:⑴o:woman wolf
⑵oo:book look good foot
⑶oul:could would should
⑷u:put sugar full push
[ɒ]:⑴([w])a:want wash watch what
⑵o:hot on not sorry dog
⑶ou:cough
⑷au:Australia
[ɔ:]:⑴(w)a:water
⑵al:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall walk
⑶([w])ar:warm quarter war
⑷au:August autumn daughter caught taught
⑸aw:draw saw law
⑹oor:door floor
⑺ore:more before
⑻or:or for short sport
⑼ou:bought brought thought fought
⑽our:four your
⑾awe:awe awed aweless
⑿oar:board blackboard cupboard keyboard
⒀o:story
2、双元音:
[aɪ]:⑴i:time like nice fine five write
⑵y:my by why
⑶i(g):sign high light right
⑷ie:die lie tie
(5)ei: height
[eɪ]:⑴a:name cake game face place
⑵ai:rain train wait straight
⑶ay: day may okay play today yesterday
⑷ei:veil vein
⑸ei(gh):eight eighteen eighty
⑹ey:they
⑺ea:great break
[ɪə]:⑴e:zero cereal serious
⑵ea:real really idea cereal
⑶ere:here
⑷ear:ear dear hear near clear
⑸eer:beer deer pioneer
[əʊ]:⑴o:go no nose home
⑵ow:show know yellow window
⑶oa:goat boat coat
⑷ou:shoulder thoughalthough
⑸oe:woe
[ʊə]:⑴ure:sure
⑵oor:poor
⑶our:tour tourist
[aʊ]:⑴ou:out about house blouse mouse mouth
⑵ow:how now cow bow
[eə]:⑴air:air hair chair fair unfair
⑵are:care hare parent careful carefully
⑶ear:pear wear bear
⑷ere:there where
⑸eir:their theirs
⑹a:Mary
[ɔɪ]:⑴oi:oil toilet boil soil join
⑵oy:boy toy employee
3、辅音:
清浊成对辅音:
[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[ð] [ʃ]-[ʒ] [ts]-[dz] [tʃ]-[dʒ][tr]-[dr]
清音浊化:清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音,即发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr],但音标仍写成清辅音。如:sport[spɔ:t],student[′stju:dənt], sky[skaɪ], street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音,不读相对的浊辅音。如:hostess[′həʊstɪs]。
[p]:⑴p:pen map help cheap pencil paper
⑵pp:apple happy appear
[b]:⑴b:bag by bed boy bus blue
⑵bb:rabbit cabbage
[t]:⑴t:ten time not get table
⑵tt:bottle bottom little pretty
⑶ed:watched washed cooked helped danced dressed laughed
[d]:⑴d:desk door day dog
⑵dd:add daddy middle
⑶ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived called studied emptied enjoyed cried
[k]:⑴c:cat e cut clock cry picture bloc
⑵cc: occasion according occupy acclaim
⑶ch:school Christmas chemistry technology stomach
⑷k:book bike cake kite Kate look
⑸ck:black duck clock jacket cock
⑹q:Iraq coq
⑺que:unique technique
[g]:⑴g:go girl big get
⑵gg:egg bigger biggest
⑶gu:guess guest
⑷gue:dialogue
⑸gh:ghyll ghost
[f]:⑴f:five fish fine family fifteen
⑵ph:photo phone elephant photograph physics
⑶gh:laugh enough
⑷ff:off coffee
[v]:⑴v:very five have
⑵f:of
[s]:⑴c:nice city cycle bicycle
⑵s:sit six some bus use us desk books
⑶ss:miss class glass grass
⑷sc:science scientist scene
⑸ps:psalm psywar
[z]:⑴s:is his please music lose husband apples
⑵es:leaves thieves knives wives cities countries
⑶z:zoo zero
⑷zz:buzz
[θ]:th:three thank month thin math
[ð]:⑴th:this the with than clothes clothing
⑵the:breathe soythe
[ʃ]:⑴sh:she shoe short shop wash
⑵s:sure Asia
⑶c: special sufficient delicious
⑷t:station national patient collection
⑸ss:Russia profession
⑹ch:machine
[ʒ]:⑴s:usually television pleasure
⑵z:seizure
⑶ge:garage
[ts]:⑴ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats its
⑵t’s:Let’s it’s that’s what’s
⑶tes:kites gates dates
⑷zz:pizza
[dz]:⑴ds:beds birds hands friends
⑵des:decides
[tʃ]:⑴ch:chair much lunch China
⑵tch:watch catch match
⑶t: picture question future natural nature
[dʒ]:⑴g(e):age page huge orange
⑵g:gentle gentleman general
⑶dge:bridge porridge judge
⑷j:jump jacket just June Jim July
⑸ch:sandwich
[tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth truly
[dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children
4、单个辅音:
[h]:⑴h:he her have hand head hair
⑵(w)h:who whom whose whole
[l]:⑴l:let look please lake people until
⑵ll:tell full till bell
⑶(t)l(e):whistle
[r]:⑴r:red right three
⑵rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot
⑶(w)r:write wrong
[m]:⑴m:man meat meet time
⑵mm:mon municate
⑶m(b):climb lamb
⑷m(n):autumn
[n]:⑴n:name nice nine near under
⑵(k)n:know knife
⑶nn:Ann
⑷(m)n:mnemonics
[ŋ]:⑴ng:sing long young morning
⑵n(k):thank think ink pink
⑶n(g):English
[w]:⑴w:we window work walk
⑵w(h):what why where white when
[j]:⑴y:yes you year yellow
⑵j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
⑶i:onion review million billion brilliant behavior
⑷e:Europe European
五、国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系
从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ.元音字母a与a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[eɪ]:name cake game face
a在重读闭音节中读[æ]:bag am and at sad
a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,p,h前读[ɑ:]:class fast grasp ask father after dance graph
a在[w]后读[ɒ]或[ɔ:]:want whatwater[′wɔ:tə]
a在ny前读[e]:any many
a弱读时读[ə]:along about banana Canada China
a在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:orange cabbage
a读[eə]:Mary
ai读[eɪ]:rain train wait
ai读[ɪ]:captain
ai读[e]:said
ay读[eɪ]:day may okay play today
ay弱读读[ɪ]:Sunday holiday
ay读[e]:says
air读[eə]:air hair chair
al在多数辅音字母前读[ɔ:]〔f,m除外〕:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall
al还读[ɔ:l]〔特别当后面不是k,f,m时〕:also salt
al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]:half palm
ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]::car far park arm star
ar在[w]后读[ɔ:]:warm quarter
ar弱读读[ə]:sugar
are读[eə]:care hare parent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]:class glass grass pass
au在重读音节中读[ɔ:]:August autumn daughter
au读[ɒ]:Australia
au还读作[ɑ:]:aunt laugh
aw在重读音节中读[ɔ:]:draw saw law
awe读[ɔ:]:awe awed aweless
Ⅱ. 元音字母e与e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读[i:]:he she me we
e在重读闭音节中读[e]:pen bed yes egg desk
e在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:begin English pretty cinema
e弱读读[ə]:student open children different
e读[ɪə]:zero hero serious
e读[j]:Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:]:tea eat meat
ea读[e]:bread head breakfast
ea读[eɪ]:great break
ea读[ɪə]:real really idea cereal
ear读[ɜ:]:learn earth early heard
ear读[eə]:pear wear bear
ear读[ɪə]:ear dear hear near clear nearly nearby
ear读[ɑ:]:heart
ed在大局部清辅音后读[t]〔[t]除外〕:watched washed cooked helped danced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外):played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried
ed在[t][d]后读[ɪd]:wanted needed
ee在重读音节中读[i:]:see tree see
eer读[ɪə]:beer deer pioneer
ei读[i:]:receive
ei读[eɪ]:veil vein
ei在gh前读[eɪ]:eight eighteen eighty
eir读[eə]:their theirs
eo读[i:]:people
er在重读闭音节中读[ɜ:]:her term
er在非重读音节中读[ə]:father mother brother sister
ere读[ɪə]:here
ere读[eə]:there where
es在浊辅音〔[z][ʒ][dʒ]除外〕与元音后,es发[z]:leaves thieves knives wives
potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories
es在[s][z][ʃ][ʒ][tʃ][dʒ]后读[ɪz]:buses blouses dishes garages watchesoranges
ew读[ju:]:new newspaper review
ew在l,r,j后读[u:]:flew grew Jew
ex读[eks]:exercise exit
ex读[ɪks]:excle expensive extinct
ex读[ɪgz]:exam examination exactly
ey读[i:]:key
ey读[ɪ]:monkey valley
ey读[eɪ]:they
Ⅲ. 元音字母i与i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读[aɪ]:time like rice
i在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]:big six sit
i读[i:]:police policeman policewoman machine
i弱读读[ə]:holiday April
i在非重读音节中读[ɪ]:taxi
i读[j]:onion review million billion brilliant behavior
i在元音字母a,e,o前读[aɪ]:dialogue quiet pioneer
i在g前读[aɪ]:sign high light right
i在nd前读[aɪ]:find behind
i在ld前读[aɪ]:child
i在re前读[aɪ]:fire tired retire
ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]:piece field believe thief
ie在重读音节词词尾读[aɪ]:lie die
ir在重读音节中读[ɜ:]:birdgirl first
Ⅳ.元音字母o与o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[əʊ]:go no nose home
o在辅音字母st,ld前读[əʊ]:post old
o在重读闭音节中读[ɒ]:hot on not sorry
o读[ɔ:]:story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]:e none love other
o读[u:]:do to who
o在w后读[ʊ]:woman wolf
o在非重读音节中读[ə]:today policeman
oa在重读音节中读[əʊ]:boat coat
oar读[ɔ:]:board blackboard cardboard
oar读[ə]:cupboard
oe读[əʊ]:woe
oe读[u:]:shoe
oi读[ɔɪ]:oil toilet boil soil
oo一般读[u:]:too zoo food pool boot school
oo在d,k和少数t前读[ʊ]:book look good foot
oo读[^]:blood flood
oor读[ɔ:]:door floor
oor读[ʊə]:poor
or在重读音节中读[ɔ:]:or for short sport
or在[w]后读[ɜ:]:work word world
or读[ə]:doctor forget mirror
ore读[ɔ:]:more before
ou在多数情况下读[aʊ]:out about house blouse
ou在ght前读[ɔ:]:bought brought thought
ou读[^]:touch country enough young
ou读[u:]:soup group through
ou读[əʊ]:shoulder though
ou读[ɒ]:cough
ou读[ə]:delicious previous
oul读[ʊ]:could would should
our读[ɔ:]:four your
our读[ɜ:]:journalist journal
our读[ə]:colour
our读[ʊə]:tour
our读[aʊə]:our hour
ow读[aʊ]:how now cow
ow读[əʊ]:show know yellow window
owe或ower读[aʊə]:towel flower
oy读[ɔɪ]:boy toy employee
Ⅴ. 元音字母u与u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读[ju:]:student Tuesday
u在重读闭音节中读[^]:bus sun but cut up us
u处于开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]:June fluency February Sue
u在重读闭音节中还读[ʊ]:put sugar full push
u在非重读音节中读[ə]:minus autumn
u读[ɪ]:busy minute
u读[e]:bury
ui读[ju:]或[jʊɪ,ju:ɪ]:suit suicide
l,r,j+ui时,ui读作[u:]或[ʊɪ,u:ɪ]:sluise fruit juice fluid ruin
ui读[ɪ]:build building
ur在重读音节中读[ɜ:]:nurse turn hurt Thursday
ur读[ə]:surprise Saturday
ure读[ʊə]:sure
ure在非重读音节中读[ə]:picture pleasure
ure在重读音节中读[jʊə]:cure
Ⅵ.21个辅音字母与辅音字母组合的读音
b读[b]:bag by bed boy bus blue
bt,mb在词尾时,b不发音:debt climb b
bb读[b]:rabbit cabbage
c在字母e,i,y前读[s]:nice city cycle
c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]:cat e cut clock cry picture bloc
c+ia,ie,io时,c读[ʃ]:special sufficient delicious
cc+a,o,u或l时,cc读[k]:occasion according occupy acclaim
cc+e,i时,cc读[ks]:accept accident
ch读[tʃ]:chair much lunch China
ch读[k]:school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach
ch读[ʃ]:machine
ch读[dʒ]:sandwich
ck读[k]:black duck clock jacket cock
d读[d]:desk door day dog
dd读[d]:add daddy middle
dge读[dʒ]:bridge porridge judge
dr读[dr]:dress drive hundred children
ds读[dz]:beds birds hands friends
des读[dz]:decides
f读[f]:five fish fine family fifteen
f读[v]:of
ff读[f]:off coffee
ften读[fən]:often
g读[g]:go girl big get
g在e前读[dʒ]:age page huge orange
g读[dʒ]:gentle gentleman general
gg读[g]:egg bigger biggest
ge读[ʒ]:garage
gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音:right eight straight bought daughter
gh读[f]:laugh enough
gh在词首时,读[g]:ghyll ghost
gn,gm在词尾时,g常无声:sign phlegm
gu在词首读[g]:guess
gu在词中读[gw]:language
gue在词尾读[g]:dialogue
h读[h]:he her have hand head hair
h不发音:hour honest
wh读[w]:what why where white
wh在o前读[h]:who whom whose
gh在词首时,h不发音:ghyll ghost
j读[dʒ]:jump jacket just June Jim
j读[j]:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
k读[k]:book bike cake kite Kate look
kn在词首时,k不发音:know knife
l读[l]:let look please lake people
ll读[l]:tell full till bell
m读[m]:man meat meet time
mb在词尾时,读[m],b常无声:climb b
mm读[m]:mon
mn在词首读[n]:mnemonics
mn在词中时,读[mn]:columnist
mn在词尾时,n常无声:autumncolumn
n读[n]:name nice nine near under
n在[k][g]前读[ŋ]:pink English
n在k后读[n]:know knife
n在m后读[n]:mnemonics
nn读[n]:Ann
ng在词尾读[ŋ]:sing long young morning
ng在词中读[ŋg]:Englishfinger
nk读[ŋk]:thank think ink pink
p读[p]:pen map help cheap pencil paper
pp读[p]:apple happy appear
ph读[f]:photo phone elephant photograph
ps在词首时,p常不发音:psalm psywar
q读[k]:Iraq coq
qu在词首读[kw]:queen quick
que在词尾读[k]:unique technique
r读[r]:red right three
rr读[r]:sorry worry hurry carry carrot
wr读[r]:write wrong
s在词首读[s]:sit six some
s在清辅音后读[s]:books likes
s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]:apples windows
s读[z]〔尤其是在两个元音字母之间〕:his is please music
元音字母+s+无音e[s]:base use
②v.读[z]:lose use
词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时,s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时,s读[z]:desk husband
s读[ʃ]:sure Asia
s读[ʒ]:usually television pleasure
sion读[ʒən]:television decision
sten读[sən]:listen
stle读[stl]:whistle
sure读[ʒə]:pleasure
sc+i,e,y读[s]:science scene scythe
sc+a,o,u读[sk]:scarf score scud
ss读[s]:miss class glass grass
ss读[ʃ]:Russia profession
ssion读[ʃən]:expression
sh读[ʃ]:she shoe short shop wash
t读[t]:ten time not get table
t读[tʃ]:picture question
tch读[tʃ]:watch
t+ia,ie时,t读[ʃ]:martial patient
sten,ften,stle中,t无声:listen often whistle
tes读[ts]:kites gates dates
tt读[t]:bottle bottom little pretty
tion读[ʃən]:station national patient
[s]+tion时读[tʃən]:question
th读[θ]:three thank month thin
th[ð]:this the with than
词尾the读[ð]:breathe soythe
词尾ther读[ðə]:father mother brother sister
tr读[tr]:tree trip try true truth
ts读[ts]:shirts hurts coats costs goats
t’s读[ts]:Let’s
ture读[tʃə]:picture
v读[v]:very five have
w读[w]:we window work walk
w不发音:two
wh读[w]:what why where white
wh在o前读[h]:who whom whose
wr在词首读[r],w无声:write wrong
x读[ks]:box six excuse next
x读[gz]:exam exact example
y在重读开音节中读[aɪ]:my by why
y在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]:city very sorry
y在词首读[j]:yes you year yellow
yr读[ɜ:]:myrtle
yr读[aɪə]:martyr satyr
yre读[ə]:tyre byre
z读[z]:zoo zero
z读[ʒ]:seizure
zz读[z]:buzz
zz读[ts]:pizza
