
1.abnormal a. 反常的,异常的 ~~ behavior
This warm weather is ~~ for February.
I think it is ~~ for a boy to be interested in ballet.
adv. abnormally n. abnormality C.反常之物 U. 反常,变态
区别:normal; common; ordinary; usual
normal temperature/ a normal boy/ Everything returned to normal.
a common phenomenon // common sense/ knowledge 常识 / a common saying 俗话 // a common wish 一个共同的愿望// have …in common
an ordinary-looking person / an ordinary day
usual 通常的,惯常的 It’s a usual thing with him./ He arrived later than usual./ It’s unusual for him to sit up late at night.
2. absolute a. 十足的;绝对的;不受任何的(无比较级)
~~ nonsense / ~~ power/ have ~~ trust in you
The police have found ~~ proof of his guilt.
There’s no absolute security/ balance.
absolutely adv. 完全地,绝对地
He felt himself ~~ free.
She was ~~ convinced./ She knew ~~ nothing.
I absolutely/ exactly agree. = I can’t agree more.
(用于口语)当然是
--Do you think so? --Absolutely.
--Is he a liar? --Absolutely not. 绝不是 not absolutely 并不完全是
3. accomplish v. 达到(目的),完成(任务),实现(计划)
~~ a task/ the work ~~ one’s goal/ the purpose (desired)
n. accomplishment C. 功绩,业绩,成就 make an accomplishment/ achievement
U. 完成,达到
adj. an accomplished pianist 有教养的,有才艺的
4. advanced a.
an ~~ worker/ ~~ technology 先进的 bring in ~~ science and technology 引进先进的科技
He is ~~ in years. 年长的
~~ mathematics 高等数学
9. arise (arose, arisen) v.i. 出现, 升起, 上升, 发生, 起来= appear/ happen
He arose and made for the door. 起立,起身
A new problem has arisen./ How did the quarrel ~~? 出现,引起,产生
arise from/ out of … 由。。产生 Accidents can arise from carelessness.
区别:arouse-aroused-aroused vt.唤起,激起 ~~ one’s curiosity/ interest// ~~ sb. from a deep sleep
rise-rose-risen vi. 上升,上涨,起立
The sun has not yet risen. / He rose and left the room.
n. He got a rise in his company. / There will be a rise in production.
raise vt. 举起,抬起;养育 raise sb./ one’s hand/ an objection
with one’s hand raised/ the flag-raising ceremony
20. . briefly 简短地;简言之,总之
He told me ~~ what had happened.
He dealt very ~~ with the development of capitalism(资本主义).
Adj. brief 简要的,简短的 He arose and made a ~~ speech.
give a ~~ introduction to sb.= introduce …briefly
I’ll be ~~ and to the point. 切题的
短暂的,短时间的 Occasionally he stops for a ~~ rest.
I have only come for a ~~ stay; I must go back tomorrow.
Life is ~~.
in brief 简言之,总而言之 It is a long letter, but in brief, he says “No”.
This, ~~, is the official view of the trade union.
25. choke v.
vt. 使窒息,使透不过气来,掐死
The smoke almost choked me./ The child was almost choked by the heavy smoke.
Her voice was choked with sobs.
vi. 噎住,哽住 He choked when he ate his food too quickly.
vt. 充塞,填塞 The river is becoming choked with sand./ The storeroom was choked with furniture.
choke back/ down (强)忍住 He choked back his anger/ tears.
choke off 使突然停止,使。。中断 The war choked off diamond shipments from overseas.
责备 He got choked off for being late./ a terrible choke-off
chock up 填塞,塞满 The drains(排水管)are all choked with leaves.
26. circumstance n. 环境,形势 (常用复数)
in/ under present/ certain/ any circumstances 在。。情况下
A gentleman has no right to hurt a woman under any ~~s.
It’s necessary in present ~~s to remember these experiences.
in/ under no circumstances 绝不,在任何情况下都不(放句首需倒装)
I made up my mind that ~~ could I agree to such a principle./ ~~ must a soldier leave his post.
in good/ bad ~~s 经济情况
When I explained my ~~ to the old man, he decided to help me.
27. coincidence n. by coincidence
巧合( C.&U.) What a coincidence (to meet in San Francisco)!
It’s a coincidence that...
It was a remarkable coincidence that John should have turned up here just when we needed him.
一致之处 U. Is there any ~~ between his opinions and your own?
28. commitment n. 承诺,保证;信奉,献身;承担的义务
承诺,保证make/ fulfill a (long-term) commitment
Our company has a ~~ to quality and customer service.
承担的责任、义务 I was impressed by the energy and ~~ shown by the players.
Her ~~ to work is beyond question.
33. consequently ad. 所以,因此= as a consequence/ result
They have never received any formal training. Consequently, their skills are inefficient.
区别:constantly经常地; 不断地;
instantly/ the instant= immediately立刻,马上 instant noodle/ coffee
34. consideration n.
U. 考虑,考察,研究,深思 a problem requiring adequate ~~
be under ~~// deserve ~~// give sth. careful/ full ~~
C. 要考虑的因素 The price and condition are two ~~s in/ for buying a used car.
U. 体谅,体贴,关心 He has shown much ~~ for his wife.
in ~~ of/ for 考虑到,作为对。。的回报
leave…out of ~~ 忽视。。,对。。不加考虑
take sth. into ~~/ account We will take your recent illness into ~~ when marking your exams.
all things considered 全盘考虑之后,就各方面而言
considering (介词) 就。。而言,比较。。而言 He is very young ~~ his age.
adj. considerate 体贴的,考虑周到的 It is considerate of sb. to do sth.
43. deny- denied- denying- denies
vt. 否定,否认 He denied all charges.
(Strongly) deny that…/ ~~ doing sth.
There’s no denying that…/ It can’t be denied that…
vt. 拒绝(要求) The boss denied our request for higher wage.
He denies his children nothing.= He denies nothing to his children. 有求必应
44. determination UN. 决心,决定;确定 persistence 坚持,毅力
Determination is what it takes everyone to do everything well.
Determination is the quality (that/ which) it takes everyone to do everything well.
adj. determined 下定决心的,有决心的 a determined look 一个坚定的眼神
v. determine to do sth. 决定做某事 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
He determined to make his arrangements at once.
He was determined to win the game.
57.entirely ad. 完全地;彻底地 = totally/ completely
Our situation is entirely different.
I’ll cut down my smoking, maybe cut it out entirely.
58.faithful a. 忠诚的;尽职的;如实的,准确可靠的
a ~ friend / give a ~ account of what had happened
be faithful / loyal to sth. / sb. 对。。忠诚 He was faithful to his principles to the last.
59.faithfully ad. 忠诚地,如实地 Yours faithfully
He serves the people ~. / translate the poem as ~ as possible
faith UN. 信赖,信念,信心 have faith in / lose faith in
He has blind faith in what she says. / I have faith that he will help me.
UN. 诺言,誓约 He kept / broke his faith with her.
put one’s faith in 信任,依赖 in good faith 真诚地 in bad faith 不诚实的,欺诈地
in faith 千真万确 an act of faith 完全信任的表示
61.frequently ad. 经常地,频繁地 constantly 不断地
He was ~ drunk.
.fundamental a. 基本(础)的 be ~ to 对……是必要的
a ~ change / difference / distinction/ principle / Reading is a ~ skill.
~ mistakes / errors
~ human rights
Fresh is ~ to good health.
70. guilty – guiltily—guiltiness – guiltless – guiltlessness
adj. 有罪的,犯……罪 (反:innocent)
a ~ man / deed. Not ~. (判决)无罪
The boys were guilty of theft. / He was found guilty of murder.
自觉有罪的,自知有过错的,内疚的 be / feel ~ about / at / over / for sth.
I feel really ~ at forgetting her birthday again.
a ~ feeling / conscious
guilt UN. 有罪,罪状 He denied / confessed his ~.
UN. 罪恶感,内疚 I have a sense of ~ about it.
72. hopeful – hopefully – hopefulness – hopeless – hopelessly -- hopelessness
adj. 充满希望的 a ~ attitude
be ~ about the future /of getting financial support /that …
有希望的,前途乐观的 a ~ sign / the most ~ candidate
CN. a young hopeful 大有前途的青年
adv. hopefully
Hopefully I’ll be back by 6 o’clock.
look at sb. ~ /wait for sth. ~
75. investigate vt. / vi. 调查,研究
~ the cause of the accident /He heard a noise and went to ~.
investigation UN/CN 调查,研究 ~ of / into
make an ~ into the effect of the medicine /finish the ~ into / of the crime
on /upon investigation 经过调查 under investigation 正在调查中
carry out / conduct an investigation 开展调查
investigative 官方调查的 investigator 调研者
76. involve vt.
使……卷入,牵连到 Don’t ~ me in your quarrel. / They were involved in the case.
使参加 Involve students in making a curriculum. 设计课程
应当包括,包含 What does the job of editing ~?
Winning the game involves both skill and fortune.
专注于,入迷 She is involved with the musician. 迷上了,与……有牵连
be involved in He is involved in stocks now.
77. issue
vt. 发行,出版 ~ stamps
发布(命令、宣言) ~ the statement / a warning to the terrorists
配给,分发 ~ sb. with sth. / ~ sth. to sb.
vi. 出现,流出 Radiation issued from the reactor(反应堆).
UN. 发行 the date of ~
CN. 发行物 the June ~ of the magazine
CN. 问题,争论,争议(problem) Bullying is still a major ~ in education today.
She daren’t raise the ~ of marriage with her parents.
UN.(an.) 流出,放出 an ~ of blood from a wound
at issue 在讨论中,待解决 make an issue (out) of 小题大做
take issue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人关于……争吵
82. particularly = in particular adv. 尤其,特别
Your grammar is not ~ good. / I ~ noticed two middle-aged passengers.
Corn grows well in the Middle West, ~ in Iowa.
区别: particular:“特殊的,特定的”,是相对一般而言的,强调与众不同。
If you don't have any particular reason, you should come tomorrow.
special: 特别的;独特的,专用的 anything / something/ nothing special
a special hospital:专科医院 / a special place in the classroom for reading
He came to Beijing on a special visit to his friend.
Tonight is a special occasion, and we have something very special for dinner.
但要注意,当表示程度或重要性等不同于一般时,special = particular.
It was a special/particular day for me.
especial:常指有意识地将某物或某事突出到“特别,与众不同”的地位,多用于正式场合,在口语中,常被 special替代。
a day of especial/special importance 非常重要的一天。
The cake was especially good.
Everyone loved it, especially / particularly the children.
I got this specially for you.
86. simply
简单地,平易地,简朴地 Give the directions as ~~ as possible.
I advise you to live more ~~.
仅仅,只是 I do it ~~ for money.
It’s ~~ a matter of working hard.
I ~~ wished to obtain first-hand information.
简直(加强语气)Your attitude ~~ amazes me.
My mother ~~ wouldn’t put up with her.
He ~~ won’t accept my suggestion.
adj. simple 简单的;朴实无华的,单纯纯真的;天真易受骗的;普通的
90. spoil-spoiled/ spoilt
spoil/ ruin one’s appetite
Her ridiculous gestures spoilt her singing.
vt. 破坏,损坏,弄脏,糟蹋 A shower of rain spoiled our day’s outing.
She spoiled the soup with too much salt.
vt. 惯坏, 对。。百依百顺 He spoiled his son by giving him too much money.
Too much care spoils a child.
vi. 变坏,腐烂 Food will ~~ if temperature in your freezer rises above 8 ºC.
Fruit spoils if it is kept too long.
91. steadily adv.
稳稳地,稳步地 The work was going on ~~ successfully.
不断地 The company’s debt was increasing ~~.
The wind was blowing ~~ from the north.
adj. steady 平稳,稳定 You must hold the gun ~~ when shooting.
He went off at a ~~ pace.
不断的,经常的 He is making ~~ progress in his work/ studies.
可靠的,坚持不懈的 She’s ~~ in her commitment to her job.
She needs to marry someone ~~.
vt. 使平稳,稳固 He steadied himself by holding on to the rope.
使安静、镇定下来 These pills will ~~ your nerves.
vi. 变得平稳 His pulse gradually steadied.
He’s going steady with his girl friend. (关系逐渐稳定)
n. steadiness
92. subscribe vt.&vi.
向。。捐钱 ~~ to He subscribed generously to the new school.
The poor boy subscribed all his $50 to the fund for poor children.
订阅 subscribe a number of journals concerned with his subject
赞同,支持 I heartily ~~ to the original plan/ view/ belief/ theory.
认购 How many shares did you ~~ for in the new company?
97. vital adj.
有关生命的,生命必需的(仅作前置定语)
Has he injured any of the ~~ organs.
Air is ~~ for all animals.
至关重要的 be of ~~ importance It’s ~~ to do sth./ that…
~~ issues/ information
Your support/ Speed is ~~ to the success of our plan.
充满活力的 She’s ~~ and attractive.
adv. vitally 极端(重要地)be ~~ important
n. vitality U. 活力,生命力
常用情景交际
1.回答感谢:You are welcome. / Don’t mention it. / (It’s a /) my pleasure.
回答道歉:It doesn’t matter. / Never mind.
既可回答感谢也可回答道歉:Not at all. / That’s all right. / That’s OK. / It’s nothing. / That’s nothing. / No problem. /Forget it.
2.With pleasure 当然可以,十分愿意(回答别人请求帮助)
No trouble at all. 一点也不麻烦。
3.回答建议、劝告、 说法:
肯定: Good idea. / That’s great. /Sounds great. / It sounds great. / That’s fine. / Why not? / I can’t agree more. / I quite agree. / Exactly. /Certainly. / Absolutely. / Definitely. / Of course. / All right ./I think so.
否定: I’d love to, but… / I’m afraid… / It’s an idea, but …
4.–Do you mind if …?
不介意:Certainly / Of course not. 介意: You’d better not. / I’d rather you didn’t.
5.回答对方请求: 肯定: All right. / I will./ With pleasure/ Sure, go ahead.
否定:No way. /Forget it.
6.No way. 没门 No doubt. 毫无疑问 No wonder. 难怪
No problem. 没问题 No hurry. 不用急 No use. 没用
No sense. 没有意义
7.It /That depends. 视情况而定 It’s hard to say. 很难说
I hate to say this, but … 我不想这样说 It’s up to you. 由你来决定
8.Not really / exactly. 不完全是 Not yet. 还没有
Not in the least. 一点也不。
Not quite. 并非完全 Not likely. 不太可能
Not a bit. 一点也不 Not a little. 非常,很
9.So what? 那又怎么样 What if …? 如果……怎么样
What for? 为什么 Guess what?(用于告诉对方一个令人激动的或惊讶的消息)
How come? 怎么回事 Really?真的吗(回答时表示感兴趣或惊讶)
Who cares? 谁管呢? What’s up? 有什么事
10.Come on! 加油;得了吧;来呀(挑衅) Go ahead. 讲吧,做吧,继续吧
Don’t worry. 不用担心。(表示宽慰对方)
11.Got it. 知道了,明白了。 Make it. 获得成功,能够出席或到场
That’s it. 真是这样。
Forget it. 没关系;住嘴(不想提及);别提了(不愿意重复说过的话);休想,不可能(表示否定)
12.Good luck. 祝你好运(希望别人做接下来的事情能够成功)。
Good for you. 你真行,做得好。(对别人的做法表示肯定)。
13.Take your time. 别着急,慢慢来。 Take it easy. 别紧张,放松点
14.By all means. / Of course. 当然可以 By no means. 绝不
15.Many happy returns of the day. = Happy birthday!
