一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 19, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、一般过去时与现在完成时
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用別的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间連用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday
2012年备战中考易错选择题精选
1. Some students were afraid ____in class because they thought their classmates might laugh at them.
A of speak B to speak C speak D to speaking
2. I found ____ difficult to learn English grammar.
A it B that C it is D that is
3. He decided ____school late again.
A to come B don’t come C come not to D not to come to
4. She needs a partner ______
A to practice English with B practicing English
C to practicing English with D practice English with
5.Stop chatting .I have ____ to tell you.
A anything important B something important C important anything D important something
6. It’s good that _____have their own ideas about life as well as about being cool.
A the young B youth C the young man D young
7.My grandfather ___ me stories when I was young .
A was used to tell B is used to telling C used to tell D used to telling
8. When I was a student , I was used to _____ at six .
A get up B getting up C gets up D geting up
9. It is ____ of a problem to be poor than to be dishonest.
A more B little C less D much
10. My brother is ___to carry the heavy box by himself .
A old enough B enough old C enough strong D strong enough
11. I must get my homework ____,
A done B does C do D did
12. People are not allowed ____ in the cinema , but they will allow ____in the rest room.
A to smoke, smoke B smoking , to smoke C to smoke , smoking D smoking ,smoke
13.The music sounds _____
A well B nicely C good D beautifully
14. _____ to improve our English?
A What do you think we should do B Do you think what do we should
C What do you think should we D Do you think what should we do
15. His bike is broken .It needs _____soon.
A be repair B to mend C to be repaired D being mend
16. Three more men ____to do the work every day .
A were needed B need C are needing D are needed
17. He is against ______ computer games.
A playing B plays C play D to play
18.He was too hungry , so he ate ____in the evening.
A plenty of B a lot of C many D a lot
19.I don’t know _____.
A what to do it B how to do C what to do D to do what
20.I don’t know if I _____anyone at the party this evening.
If I _____anyone , I will get nervous.
A will know, won’t know B will know ,don’t know
B know, won’t know D know , don’t know
21.Tom is afraid to speak in ______public.
A the B a C an D /
22. The professor always has good solutions_____others’ problems.
A of B to C with D about
23. If you take my ______, please don’t tell _____about it.
A advice ,any B advices, some C advices, someone D advice , anyone
24.They are hardly ever tired ,______they?
A are B aren’t C will D won’t
25.I’ll have a test ______ writing next week.
A at B of C on D in
26.If you have any ideas ______, please return them to him.
A whose gloves are these B whose gloves is this
C whose gloves these are D whose gloves this is
27._____ has been found out ____ oil food is bad for our health
A That , that B That ,what C It , what D It , that
28 I prefer music that_____ great lyrics.
A have B has C there is D there are
29. I only eat food that tastes _______.
A well B nicely Cgood D deliciously
30 The Greeen family would like to_______for about three weeks.
A leave home B go out C come to China D be away
31. I hope ____have a happy year in our class.
A you to B or you C to you D you
32. The two men walked ______ the forest and got to a small house.
A across B through C crossing D over
33.The girl _____ her mother . I know her mother likes reading,too.
A takes after B looks after C similar D takes care
34. Don’t put off ____ to see the doctor when you are ill.
A go B to go C going D gone
35.He spent every Sunday morning _____ in an old people’s home.
A to work B working C worked D works
36.He ___ to read , so he always puts his ___ to good use by working in the after- school care center at his elementary school.
A love ,loves B loves ,love C loving,loving D loves ,loves
37.The sudden rain made ______for the singers to put on performces
A that possible B that impossible C it possible D it impossible
38.____ ill, I can’t go to school today.
A Because of B As C Being D With
39. This watch ______China .
A was made in B was made by C was made from D was made of
40. ____ our football team won .
A By the end B In the end C At the end of D Final
41.The headmaster announced that there would ____ an English speech contest next month.
A have B has C to have D be
42. Did you go to the movie with Lucy? No , I _____
A didn’t invite B wasn’t invited C hadn’t invited D wasn’t inviting
43. –Excuse me, could you tell me ______? ---Of course
A when had the train left the station B where is the nearest the hospital
C if it will be windy tomorrow D how much did the car cost
44. Must I do my homework ? --- No you _____.
A mustn’t B can’t C needn’t D won’t
45. ---I don’t know ______next. – You could ask your teacher for help.
A how to do B what to do C . why to do D when to do
46. Tom asked his friend ______.
A not to be so angry B that knowledge is power.
C when did he come back D where was he born
47.I find ___ a little difficult to remember the English words.
A that B it C this D them
48 What are you nervous_____, Jenny.?
A in B at C on D about
49.We should ____ that.
A thinking of B thought of C have thought of D have thinking of
50. Don’t get _____when you listen to the old.
A bored B boring C tiring D excited
51. I don’t like the people who always keep me ______.
A wait B waiting C to wait D waited
52.—Do you like loud music ? --- I am often ______ want to leave by it.
A made B made to C making D making to
53.The pen doesn’t work .I need to buy a new one to write_____
A with Bin C on D /
54.—You want to improve your spoken English. Why ____an English languageclub?
----Good idea.
A don’t join B not join C not to join D not you join
55.If you have some trouble ____the railway station ,please ask the police for help .
A finding B finding out C looking for Ddiscovering
56.—I don’t know ______I should do with so many eggs. –You can sell them.
A how B why C what D when
57.There used _____an old church here, but now we can see a park here.
A to have B was C to be D had
58.Everyone is _____to find that the little boy can play the piano so well. He is only 5 years old.
A interested B surprised C excited D frustrated
59. My calculator is ________more expensive than yours.
A fairly B very C quite D much
60.I’d like to go there by bike ______by car.
A. not B instead C than D rather than
61. At last , Mr Li ______a good idea , everyone felt happy.
A thought B thought of C came up with D thought about
62.---Why hasn’t Tom come here? ----He ____ill at home.
A maybe B may be C was D can’t be
63.-- ____does the book ____? ----Linda . She bought it this morning.
A Whose , be B How much, cost C Whose , belong to D Who , belong to
. The girl is too shy , she ____some time with her friends.
A doesn’t need spending B needn’t spend C needs to spend D needed spending
65. I learn English by watching English – language videos______.
A sometimes B sometime C some time D some times
66. Just now I saw some young children _____together on the playground .
A are playing B playing C to play D have played
67. –The boy can hardly speak Chinese, _______? –No, He’s been in China for only a few weeks.
A can he B can’t he C does he D doesn’t he
68.It’s very impolite ___you ____in line.
A of ,to cut B for , cut C of , cut D for ,to cut
69. My life ____a lot in the last few years .
A change B has changed C changed D changes
70.At that time, I was only ____11-year-old boy, I was a ‘problem child”.
A a B an Cthe D /
71. My friend Jenny has moved to ____city , I miss her often
A . other B another C others D the others
72.This guitar might ___Alice. She plays the guitar.
A be B has C comes from D belong to
73.—Do you prefer grapes ____bananas?----I prefer grapes ______bananas.
A to, or B or ,to C than ,to D or , than
74. Why can’t we ______to have more time to relax?
A. are allowed B to allow C be allowed D allow
75.Nobody except Lily and Linda ____the man in a white T-shirt.
A know B is knowing C have known D knows
76.She ______speak in class because she thought her classmates would laugh at her.
A was afraid of B is afraid to C was afraid to D is not afraid of
77. I have ____the English club for three terms.
A joined B been in C taken part in D become a member of
78.You ____to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do .
A needn’t to come B don’t need to come C needn’t coming D didn’t need coming
79. –May I go swimming now,Mum ?
---No, you ____. You must finish your homework first.
A mustn’t B may not C couldn’t D needn’t
80. The bridge in my hometown is about _______meters long.
A two hundred of B two hundreds of C two hundred D two hundreds
答案:1-5 BADAB 6-10 ADBCD 11-15ACCAC 16-20DADCB
21-25DBDAC 26-30 CDBCD 31-35 DBACB 36-40 BDCAB
41-45 DBCCB 46-50 ABDCA 51-55BBABA 56-60 CCBDD
61-65CBDCA 66-70 BAABB 71-75 BDBCD 76-80 CBBAC