此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
S | V(及物) | O(宾语) | C(宾补) | 句意 |
1. They | appointed | him | manager. | 他们任命他当经理。 |
2. They | painted | the door | green. | 他们把门漆成绿色。 |
3. This | set | them | thinking. | 这使得他们要细想一想。 |
4. They | found | the house | deserted. | 他们发现那房子无人居住。 |
5. What | makes | him | think so? | 他怎么会这样想? |
6. We | saw | him | out. | 我们送他出去。 |
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五为例:
We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。