2017年12月英语六级真题答案及解析(卷一)

Part I Writing

审题思路：

这是一篇语句点评类作文，话题respect（尊重）是考生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不难。题目要求针对引言“尊重他人，你也会受到尊重”给出自己的论点和论据。考生写作时首先需要解释引言，之后将写作重点放在阐述尊重他人的重要性上。众所周知，每个人都希望被尊重，而尊重他人会给他人以信心，也有益于培养人际关系。此外，尊重他人也体现了一个人的高素质。

高分范文：

On Respect

As human beings,we all crave the respect of others,which is coded into our DNA.If you show your respect for others, you are more likely to gain their respect.Just as the saying goes,“Respect others,and you will be respected”.It indicates the great significance of respecting others in our daily life.

First and foremost,respecting others gives them confidence and encouragement,especially those who are not as good as you.Your respect can help them become upbeat and active,and even enhance their self-assurance.In addition,polite words help improve your interpersonal relationships to a large extent.As mentioned above,if your respect proves to be effective,people will show their respect for you,too,and it will benefit your social intercourse.Last but not least,respecting others is a symbol of high quality,which shows one’s good upbringing.

Taking what has been discussed into consideration,it’s indisputable that all people are fond of being respected.It is so important for us to show our respect for others.Only in this way,can we earn the respect of others.

全文翻译：

作为人类，我们每个人都渴望得到他人的尊重,这是由我们的基因决定的。如果你对他人表现出尊重，那你会很容易获得别人的尊重。正如引言所说，“尊重他人，你也会被尊重。”这句话暗示了我们在生活日常生活中尊重他人的重要性。

首先，尊重他人能够给人以信心和鼓舞，尤其是对于那些不如你的人。你的尊重可以帮助他们变得积极敬取，甚至提高他们的自信。此外，礼貌的语言能在很大程度上促进你的人际关系发展。正如上面所说，如果你的尊重对他们有效，那他们也会表达出对你的尊重，这将有利于你的人际交往。最后，尊重他人是高素质的象征，体现出一个人的良好的教养。

综上所述，毫无疑问，每个人都希望被尊重。尊重他人对我们来说很重要。只有尊重他人，我们才能获得别人的尊重。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

M:And now,for the latter side of the news,Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.

W:That’s right,John.This week,the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food waste in the country.（1）New laws have been put into place that will make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate and sell foods to those who are in need.

M:Yes,in an addition to this,businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.

W:Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste.（2）Just earlier this year,the European parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction,thus creating waste.

M:（3）In France,the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.

W:While there is still much progress to be made,other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy.In the United Sates,up to40%of all food goes uneaten.Despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food.(4)One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expirationlabels,which are currently not regulated by the government.

M:All this could change soon.This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here.We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University’s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story.And now,let’s welcome professor Edward Baker to speak to us.

Questions1to2are based on the conversation you have just heard.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由选项中的waste和多次出现的food可以初步推测，对话内容与食物浪费现象有关；再结合donation、penalties和overproducing等词可以进一步推测，对话内容涉及减少食物浪费的各种措施。

1:What does the woman say about the new laws in Italy?

答案：C

详解：对话中女士指出，这周意大利通过了旨在大幅减少该国食物浪费的法律。新的法律条文使得农场和超市可以更方便地将未售出的食物捐赠给那些需要的人。因此答案为C。

2:What did the European Parliament do to reduce food waste?

答案：B

详解：对话中女士提到，今年早些时候，欧洲议会投票赞成立法，阻止食品巨头采取不公平的贸易行为，因为那些行为导致生产过剩，从而造成食物浪费。也就是说，欧洲会为了减少食物浪费通过了旨在阻止过量生产的法律。因此答案为B。

3:What has the French government done recently?

答案：D

详解：对话中男士说，在法国，已经禁止超市扔掉还能够食用的食物，并且对那些违反法令的企业进行严厉的惩罚。D选项中的dumping是原文中throwing away的同义转述。因此答案为D。

4:What is the major cause of food waste in the United States?

答案：A

详解：对话中女士表示，在美国，虽然有七分之一的美国家庭无法定期获得品质良好的食物，但高达40%的食物却不是被人们食用消耗掉的。造成这一现象的一个主要原因就是食物保质期标识混乱，而在这一方面目前还没有明确的规定。因此答案为A。

Conversation Two

M:Thank you for calling Sake Fifth Avenue Department Store.How can I be assistant to you today?

W:Hello.I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items.(5-1)Yesterday,my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun.It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did but for a much lower price.

M:(5-2)Yes.Our annual anniversary sales started on Monday.(6)We do offer price adjustments within seven days of purchase to ensure our customers satisfaction.You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?

W:Yes.I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.

M:That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window.Do you have an account with us?(7-1)We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish.Otherwise we can send a gift card by mail if you prefer.

W:(7-2)Crediting my account would be wonderful.Thank you.Now that you mentioned there’s a sale going on.I do remember a dress I quietly like when I was in the shop on Sunday.Is it on offer as well.

M:Yes,ma’am.All the new arrivals are fifteen to twenty percent off.(8)In addition to the sale,we’re running a promotion for complementary tailoring if you need it.

W:That’s good news.The dress really caught my eye but I did have some concerns about the length.How long will the alteration take?

M:Our tailoring department guarantees alteration to be completed within five working days.If you’d like I can set one aside for you.If you’re able to come this afternoon,you can give your name to the sales manager and they will be able to assist you.

Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由第5题选项中的promotion campaign、anniversary sales和weekend sales等词可以初步推测，对话与某种促销活动有关；再结合第6题选项中的Price reductions、Coupons、Free delivery、Price adjustments等词以及第7题和第8题各选项的语义可以进一步推测，对话中的女士为顾客，男士为销售方，对话内容涉及促销活动的内容以及女士可以从活动中获得的便利。

5:What do we learn about the Sax Department Store?

答案：B

详解：对话开头，女士对男士说，上周末她在Saks第五大道百货商店买了几件东西。昨天她的朋友告诉他Saks 百货商店的周年庆促销已经开始了，男士回应说，他们的周年促销活动周一就开始了。由此可知，Saks百货商店以及发起周年庆促销活动。因此答案为B。

6:What does the man say Sax Department Store offers?

答案：D

详解：对话中，男士告诉女士，他们百货商店为了保证顾客满意，提供购物七天内保价服务。因此答案为D。7:What does the woman want the store to do to address the price difference?

答案：C

详解：对话中，男士给出了两个补偿方案，如果女士在该百货商店有自己的账户的话，可以直接把差价存入女士账户，或者给女士邮寄礼品卡，而女士选择了直接将钱存入她的账户。因此答案为C。

8:What is the service Saks Department Store offers in addition to the promotion sale？

答案：D

详解：对话中，男士对女士说，在周年庆促销活动中，Saks百货商店的所有新款都有15%到20%的折扣，而且免费赠送服装裁剪服务。因此答案为D。

Section B

Passage One

（9）Barbie dolls have a particular look to them.They are thin,tall,long-legged…and virtually unlike any real human being.Although over the years Barbie had more than180different careers—including football coach,sign language teacher, ambassador,president and astronaut—her body shape hasn’t changed much.Last year Mattel,the company that makes Barbie dolls,added some Barbies to its line that have different skin tones and hair textures.There are now Barbies with one of seven skin tones,22eye colours and24hair styles to choose from.Last year Mattel also gave Barbie a flat foot,rather than forcing her to be“in heels”all the time like the original Barbie is.Now they are introducing new Barbies with three slightly different body shapes,while the original,tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold.In a statement on its website, the company says it wants Barbies to look more like real people,and to give“girls everywhere…infinitely more ways to spark their imagination and play out their stories.”(10)Although many people say the new Barbies are step in the right direction,some people say they don’t go far enough.They say that the new body shapes could be even more different from the original,tall,thin Barbies.Sales of Barbie dolls has been falling“every years since2012”,according to CBC News.

(11)The toys aren’t in stores yet but they will be sold online at the Barbie website,starting this week,for$9.99. Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由第9题选项中的tall、thin与第11题选项中的toy、Barbie等词可以初步推测，该短文与芭比娃娃有关；再结合各题选项中的hair textures、body shapes、original、changed、toy stores、shopping malls 等词可以进一步推测，短文内容涉及芭比娃娃的外形、变化以及出售地点等内容。

9.What do we know about the original Barbie dolls?

答案：A

详解：短文开头即指出，芭比娃娃的长相十分有特点，高高的，瘦瘦的，腿很长，几乎跟任何一个真人的身材都不像。因此答案为A。

10.Why do some people feel unsatisfied with new Barbie dolls?

答案：D

详解：短文中提到，虽然很多人说新的芭比娃娃在正确的方向上又迈进了一步，但有些人认为这远远不够。他们表示新的芭比娃娃的身材应该与之前哪种又高又瘦的芭比形象差别再大一些。由此可知，一些人对新推出的芭比娃娃不满意是因为他们认为新推出的芭比娃娃的身材变化不够大，故答案为D。

11.Where will the new Barbie dolls be sold first?

答案：C详解：短文结尾处提到，新推出的芭比娃娃还没有在实体店出售，本周将会在芭比官网上进行销售，新款芭比娃娃的售价为9.99美元。因此答案为C。

Passage Two

The earliest printed book we known today appeared in China in the year868,and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the fifteen century,(12)but it was in Germany around the year1450that a printing press used using movable metal type was invented.Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry.Right from the start,book printing and publishing were organized on capitalist lines.(13)The biggest sixteenth-century printer,Plantin of Antwerp,had24 printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers.Only a small faction of the population was literate,but the production of books grow at an extraordinary speed.By1500some20million volumes had already been printed.(14)The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a handwritten form,while less popular works went out of circulation.Publishers were interested only in books that would sell fairly quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit.Thus,while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap,high-volume production possible,it also reduces choice.

(15)The great culture impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages.Most early books were printed in Latin,but the market for Latin was limited,and in its pursuit of larger markets the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages emerging at the time.Printing indeed played a key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print,and producing dictionaries and grammar books.

Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由metal type、printing、The earliest known book、published和the16th century等词可以推测，短文内容与早期的印刷和出版有关。第12题各选项均为描述过去事实的句子，可能考查过去某个时间点的信息；第13题各选项的主语均为It，结合语义可推测，It指某个印刷厂或印刷公司，本题考查有关该印刷厂或印刷公司的细节信息；第14题和第15题各选项的主语均为It，结合语义可推测，It指印刷，这两道题可能从不同方面考查印刷的意义。

12.What happened in Germany around the year1450？

答案：A

详解：短文中明确提到，在1450年前后，德国发明了使用金属活字字模的印刷机。因此答案为A。

13.What does the speaker say about the printer Plantin of Antwerp？

答案：B

详解：短文中提到，Plantin of Antwerp公司是十六世纪规模最大的印刷商，它拥有24台印刷机，一百多名工人。因此答案为B。

14.What was the immediate effect of printing?

答案：B

详解：短文中提到，印刷的直接影响是，增加了那些本来就已经十分受欢迎的手写作品的销售量。因此答案为B。

15.What was the great cultural impact of printing?

答案：D

详解：短文中提到，印刷对文化最大的影响在于它促进了国语的普及。因此答案为D。

Section C

Recording One

You dream about being a movie star.You’ll live in a big house in Hollywood,go to the Oscars every year—and win! You’ll be rich and famous.Wait a minute,you also hate having your photos taken,and you’re very shy,so how could you ever become a movie star?

Choosing the right career can be hard.(16)Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives,and get a job without really thinking about it.For some,things work out fine,but others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate.Your working life lasts in average of forty years,so it’s important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about.Luckily,there are many ways you can get help to do this.

The Australian website,www.careers online.com,compares choosing a career with going to the movies.Before you see a movie,you find out what films are showing.(17)The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are.Next,decide which movie you like best.If you’re not a romantic person,you won’t want to see a love story.In other words,with your career,you should decide which job will suit your personality. Finally,decide how to get movie tickets,and find out where the theater is before you go.With your career,you need to find information about where you can work,and how to get a job in that profession.

(18)So how do you start?Begin by asking yourself some questions,Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences:Have you travelled overseas?Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree,such as a first aid license for example?Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do.A person,for example,who is allergic to cats,would probably never become an animal doctor.Flight attendants,firefighters and police officers have to be over a certain height,and be physically fit.Your personality matters,too.Are you outgoing or shy?If you like working alone,a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you.

Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought.However,when you know you can look forward to working in your dream job,you’ll will be glad you thought it through.

Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由finding a job、choose a job和job hunting等词可以初步推测，短文与找工作有关。第16题各选项均是围绕They展开，结合语义可推测，本题考查某一特定群体的工作状态或者找工作的心态；第17题各选项均是动词短语，结合语义可推测，本题考查开始找工作前的动作行为；第18题各选项均为名词短语，结合语义可推测，本题考查找工作时应考虑的事项。

16.What does the speaker say about many college graduates?

答案：D

详解：讲座中讲话者提到，很多人从学校毕业的时候，并不知道自己这一生要干什么，没有经过认真的思考就找了一份工作。因此答案为D。

17.What does the Australian website suggest you do first to find a suitable job?

答案：B

详解：讲座中提到，我们看电影之前，会先看看都有哪些电影在上映。那个澳大利亚的网站建议找工作的时候也一样，应该先看一下（目前的就业市场上）有哪些就业机会，哪些是可供我们选择的职业。录音中的options与B 项中的choices是同义词，因此答案为B。

18.What should you think about when you look for the right job according to the Australian website?

答案：A

详解：讲座中提到，开始找工作之前，要先问自己一些问题，比如：是否有过出国的经历；除了学位之外，是否有像急救证书这样的其他能力证明，等等。也就是说，需要了解自己都有哪些资格，因此答案为A。

Recording Two

(19)Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of the two worlds.It begins December26th and lasts for seven days.

(20)Kwanzaa was founded in1966by Dr.Karenga,a college professor and African-American leader,who believed that a special holiday could help African-Americans meet their goals of building strong families,learning about their history and creating a sense of unity.

After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people,he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or“first fruits”celebration,incooperating ideas from many different harvest traditions.(21)Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning“the first fruits of the harvest.”

The East African language of Kiswahili was chosen as an official language of Kwanzaa because it is a non-tribal language spoken by a large portion of the African population.Also,its pronunciation is easy.Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity,self-determination,collective work and responsibility,cooperative economics,purpose,creativity and faith.One principal is highlighted each day of the holiday.

In preparation for the celebration,a straw mat is placed on the table,along with a candle holder with seven candles, one black,three red,and three green.The black candle represents the African-American people,the red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopes for the future.

Other items placed on the table are a variety of fruit,ears of comes,gifts and a communal unity cup for pouring and sharing drinks.

Each day of Kwanzaa,usually before the evening meal，family and friends gather around the table and someone lightsthe candle,beginning with the black.After that，candles are lit alternatively from left to right.(22)While the candles is being lit,a principal is recited;then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that the principle has to himself or herself.

Next,the ceremony focuses on remembering those who have died.A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into a bowl.That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying“Harambee”which means“Let’s all pull together.”All repeat“Harambee”seven times and each person drinks from the cup.Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out,and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did.The ceremony is followed by a meal,and then singing and perhaps listening to African music.

Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由反复出现的festival和African-Americans等词可以推测，讲座内容与非裔美国人的某个节日有关。结合第19题各选项语义可推测，本题考查该节日的重要性或者节日性质；第20题各选项均为不定式短语，结合语义可推测，本题考查庆祝该节日的目的；第21题各选项均为名词短语，听音时要注意捕捉出现选项关键词的细节描述；第22题各选项的主语均为They，根据讲座的主题再结合选项语义可推测，They指African-Americans，本题考查他们庆祝该节日的方式。

19.What does the speaker say about Kwanzaa?

答案：B

详解：讲座开头提到，宽扎节（Kwanzaa）是一个文化节，是非裔美国人庆祝和反思他们来自两个世界的丰富的文化遗产的节日。因此答案为B。

20.For what purpose did Dr.Karenga create the special holiday?

答案：C

详解：讲座中明确提到，宽扎节是1966年由非裔美国人的领袖Karenga博士设立的。他认为，一个特殊的节日可以帮助非裔美国人满足他们让家庭关系更加紧密、了解自己的历史以及形成团结感这些目标。因此答案为C。21.What does the word“Kwanzaa”mean?

答案：B

详解：讲座中非常明确地解释了宽扎节一词的意思：它在斯瓦希里语中，表示first fruits of the harvest。因此答案为B

22.What do people do while each candle is being lit at the Kwanzaa celebration?

答案：A

详解：讲座中描述了宽扎节的庆祝方法：亲朋好友齐聚一堂，一个人开始点燃蜡烛，从黑色蜡烛开始，每点燃一根蜡烛，人们就背诵一个信条，然后，每个在场的人依次分享这则信条对自己的重要性。因此答案为A。

Recording Three

The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region.

（23）Several noted nutritionists and research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer,and increasing life expectancy.

The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea.These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years.In Europe,parts of Italy,Greece,Portugal,Spain,and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet,as do Morocco and Tunisia in North Africa.Parts of the Balkan region and Turkey follow the diet,as well as Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria.The Mediterranean region is warm and sunny, and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost year round that people eat many times a day.Wine,bread, olive oil and nuts are other staples of the region,and the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish.

International interest in the therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began back in the late1950s,when medical researchers started to link the occurrence of heart disease with diet.Dr.Ancel Keys performed an epidemiological analysis of diets around the world.(24)Entitled the Seven Countries Study,it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed.In it,Keys gathered data on heart disease and its potential causes from nearly13,000men in Greece,Italy, Croatia,Serbia,Japan,Finland,the Netherlands,and the United States.The study was conducted over a period of decades. It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages.(25)The Mediterranean

groups had lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes,particularly from heart disease.The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets,obtaining up to40%of all its calories from fat. It has,however,different patterns of fat intake.Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amounts of unsaturated fat,mostly in the form of olive oil.Saturated fats are fats that are found principally in meat and dairy products,although some nuts and vegetable oils also contain them.Saturated fats are used by the body to make cholesterol,and high levels of cholesterol have since been directly related to heart disease.

Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由healthy diets、dairy products、researchers和health等词可以推测，讲座内容与饮食结构及其研究有关。第23题各选项主语均为It，结合讲座主题和选项语义可推测，本题考查某饮食结构的影响或者所包含的食物；从第24题各选项语义可知，主语It指某个研究，本题考查该研究的细节信息；第25题各选项则是对They这一群体的健康状况和饮食习惯的描述，听音时要注意确定They的所指。

23.What has research concluded about the Mediterranean diet?

答案：A

详解：讲座开篇提到，地中海式饮食是地中海地区基于传统文化的饮食习惯。一些著名的营养学家和一些研究项目均得出结论：地中海式饮食从预防心脏病、癌症以及延长寿命的角度来讲是全世界最健康的饮食习惯之一。因此答案为A。

24.What do we learn about the Seven Countries Study?

答案：C

详解：讲座中提到，七国研究被认为是该类别中最伟大的研究之一。因此答案为C。

25.What do we learn about the Mediterranean people from the Seven Countries Study?

答案：D

详解：讲座中说，根据七国研究，地中海地区各个年龄段人群中，因各种原因所导致的死亡率都比较低，特别是因心脏病死亡的几率。因此答案为D。

PartⅢReading Comprehension

Section A

全文翻译：

在过去12个月中，尼日利亚饱受经济萎缩、货币贬值及燃料持续短缺之苦。现在，这一非洲最大的经济体正面临粮食危机，原因在于主要的西红柿田正被一种昆虫破坏，导致全国范围内的西红柿短缺及价格上涨。

卡杜纳州是尼日利亚最大的西红柿生产地，这种名为番茄斑潜蝇的昆虫破坏了那里80%的农场，致使当地宣布进入（26）紧急状态。该昆虫也叫番茄叶虫，（27）以果实为食物，并钻入植株的茎内移动来破坏农作物。它（28）繁殖速度快的令人难以置信，在条件适宜时一年可繁殖于12代。人们认为这种昆虫（29）发源于20世纪初期的南美洲，它在横跨至撒哈拉以南的非洲之前就已传播到了欧洲。

西红柿是尼日利亚当地的主食，因此这种昆虫的危害是毁灭性的。当地市场上（30）几个西红柿的零售价已经从0.5美元涨到2.5美元。农民们称他们遭受了巨大的损失，当地一家新建的价值2，000万美元的西红柿酱工厂也由于原材料短缺而（31）停止生产。

考虑到这种昆虫也可能危害诸如胡椒和土豆等农作物，尼日利亚农业部奥杜·奥贝赫警告说，这种害虫可能“对国家的粮食（32）安全造成严重危害”。奥贝赫说专家们正在研究如何控制病虫害并控制其传播，而直到现在，该问题还（33）未加以遏制。

尽管作为非洲第二大西红柿生产国，尼日利亚却（34）依赖每年价值10亿美元的进口西红柿酱，由于缺乏合适的储存设施导致大约75%的当地产西红柿都被白白浪费掉。当地西红柿供给的进一步（35）减少将成为该行业发展的另一个阻碍。

详解详析：

26.答案：C）emergency

详解：空格位于介词of之后，故应填入名词或者动名词，且此空格能和a state of…（某种状态）构成固定搭配。空格所在句描述了“这种名为番茄斑潜蝇的昆虫破坏了尼日利亚最大的西红柿产地卡杜纳州80%的农场，致使当地宣布进入______状态。”根据句意，病虫害发生后应采取紧急应对措施，a state of emergency表示“紧急状态”，故答案为emergency。

27.答案：D）feeding

详解：空格位于介词by之后，在结构上与digging into及moving through构成平行结构，故应填入动名词，且此动名词可与on构成固定搭配。feeding on意为“以……为食物”，可与fruits连用，此处表示“以西红柿果实为食物”，故答案为feeding。

28.答案：K）reproduces

详解：空格所在句子缺少谓语，因此应填入动词作谓语，grazes,halted,originated及reproduces在语法上都满足要求。该句后半部分指出“这种昆虫在条件适宜时一年可以繁育12代”，由此可知句子主干表达的意思应为“繁殖速度快的令人难以置信”，故答案为reproduces“繁殖，生殖”。

29.答案：I）originated

详解：空格位于助动词原形应为不及物动词，应填入过去分词，构成现在完成时，且由空格后的介词in可判断，此过去分词的动词原形应为不及物动词，同时满足两项要求的只有halted和originated。结合空格所在句的含义“人们认为这种昆虫______于20世纪初期的南美洲，它在横跨至撒哈拉以南的非洲之前已传播到了欧洲。”由此可见，答案为originated“起源，发源”。

30.答案：G）handful

详解：空格位于冠词a之后，介词of之前，由此判断应填入名词，且此名词可构成a_____of的结构。该句含义为“当地市场上，________西红柿的零售价已经从0.5美元涨到2.5美元”，据此可排除multitude“许多，大量”，分别将reduction“减少，降低”，security“安全”和terror“恐惧，恐怖行为”代入句中，不是前后矛盾就是有悖常理，故答案为handful“少量，一把”，a handful of意为“一把，少数几个”。

31.答案：F）halted

详解：空格位于助动词has之后，应填入动词过去分词，构成现在完成时，备选项里只有halted符合要求，意为“停止”，整句话意为“农民们称他们遭受了巨大损失，当地一家新建的价值2，000万美元的西红柿酱工厂也由于原材料短缺而停止生产”。

32.答案：L）security

详解：空格位于双引号内，是对尼日利亚农业部所说的话的原文引用。空格位于food之后，food与所填词一起作介词for的宾语，因此应填入名词。本句含义为“尼日利亚农业部奥杜·奥贝赫警告说，这种害虫可能对国家的粮食_______造成严重危害。”此时若填入food reduction“粮食减少”，则句子逻辑意义混乱，故答案为security，food security意为“粮食安全”。

33.答案：N）unchecked

详解：空格位于has gone largely之后，此处go为系动词，空格处应填入形容词，构成系表结构。备选项中有三个形容词，分别是dependent“依赖于……的”，unchecked“未受仰制的，未受制止的”及untouched“未被接触摸的，不受影响的”。本句含义为“奥贝赫说专家们正在研究如何控制病虫害并控制其传播，而直到现在人们对这个问题______。”根据句意判断，“直到现在，该问题还未加以制止”，因此选unchecked“未受仰制的，未受制止的”。

34.答案：A）dependent

详解：空格位于系动词be之后，介词on之前，因此空格处应填入形容词，与系动词构成系表结构，且be_____ on应为固定搭配。句子含义为“尽管作为非洲第二大西红柿生产国，尼日利亚却依赖每年价值10亿美元的进口西红柿酱，由于缺乏合适的储存设施导致大约75%的当地产西红柿都被白白浪费掉。”be dependent on是固定搭配，意为“依赖于……”，故答案为dependent。

35.答案：J）reduction

详解：空格位于冠词a和形容词further之后，且处于整句的主语部分，因此应填入一个单数名词。本句含义为“当地西红柿供给的进一步_______将成为该行业发展的另一个阻碍。”由上下文可知此处是说由于此次病虫害，西红柿产量进一步减少，故答案为reduction“减少，降低”。

Section B

全文翻译：

A)“几乎我认识的所有人都多多少少有些痴迷于因特网，”托尼·施瓦兹在《纽约时报》上这样写道。这是近日我们经常听到的抱怨。不断有类似的标题谴责网络及其衍生软件、社交媒体网站和网络游戏分散我们的精力。

B)（40）毋庸置疑，几乎我们所有接触网络的人都很难摆脱它。我们很多人，就像施瓦兹一样，努力集中注意力来完成需要专注力的工作，而这比发一个动态更新要艰难很多。正如在施瓦兹这篇网络文章的评论区有人讽刺的评论那样：“就在我读这篇精彩的文章的时候，我至少停下来六次去查看我的邮件。”

C)这种技术的不同之处是：它既具有侵略性，又有说服性。但是它的过度使用究竟是谁的错呢？为了找到解决办法，我们必须了解我们所面对的问题。造成你这种痴迷状态的原因有四个方面：科技本身、你的老板、你的朋友和你自己。

D)科技本身及其发明者是导致我们注意力分散的头号嫌疑人。《浅析：互联网对我们的大脑做了什么》的作者尼古拉斯·卡尔在书中写道：（43）“网络设计之初就是一种中断系统，一种分散注意力的机器。”

E)像、等类似网络服务是应运而生的操纵大师，这些产品如此完美，让人们欲罢不能。经过对这些产品长达几年的研究，我写了一本关于它们如何操纵人们的书。我发现它们都是从商业模式开始的。（36）因为这些服务都依赖于广告收益，人们使用越频繁，其收益就越多。难怪这些公司雇用了专注于团队专门改善它们的服务，使其尽可能的吸引人。这些产品容易让人上瘾并不是偶然的，而是设计好的。他们的动机就是让我们上瘾。

F)然而，虽然这些服务很完美，我们却可以采取简单方法远离它们。例如，我们可以改变接收通知的频率，这些通知令我们分心，促使我们要想要查看信息。手机销售公司卡胡纳的总裁亚丹·马奇可说道，（42-1）只有不到15%的手机用户会特意调整设置，这就意味着剩下的85%的人会默认软件制造商的各种预设置。谷歌和苹果公司给调整这些设置增加了很多难度，（42-2）所以我们决定是否自己动手来确保这些提示符合我们自己的需要，而不是符合软件开发者的需要。

G)尽管像这类公司获得了网民的关注，从广告商那里产生了收益，但是其他的技术却没有此种计划。例如，电子邮件。这个系统并不关心你使用它的频率。但是，对很多人来说，电子邮箱却是最容易让人养成习惯的媒介。（45）我们每天随时都会查收邮件——我们着迷了。但这是为什么呢？因为这是我们老板要求的。对于大多数白领而言，邮件是公司通讯最主要的工具。回复信息的速度慢不仅会有损你的声誉，而且会影响你的生计。

H)你的朋友也对你的网瘾负有责任。想象一个熟悉的场景。人们围聚一桌，享受美食和彼此陪伴。有欢声笑语，嬉笑打闹。然后，在交谈的间歇，有人拿出手机不知道查看了什么。几乎没有人注意到，也没有人说什么。

I)（38）现在，假设是同样的一次聚餐，但是有人不是看了一下手机，而是大声的打了一个嗝。所有人都会注意到。除非这顿饭是在一个啤酒屋，否则这是很不礼貌的。这种不礼貌的举动违反了基本的礼仪规则。有人不禁要问了，为什么我们不像对待其他违反社交的举动一样，把同样的社交规范应用在用餐、会议和交谈中查看手机这一举止上呢？不管怎样，我们接受了它，并且在有人违反时不会说什么。

J)事实上，在不恰当的时候拿出手机比打嗝还要糟糕，因为与其他小冒犯不同的是，（41）查看手机是会传染的。一旦有人看了自己的手机，其他人会感到他们也必须那样做，这就引发了一个连锁反应。看手机的人越多，说话的人就越少，到最后你成为成了唯一一个不查看邮件或者维特的人了。从社会的角度来看，查看手机不像在公共场合打嗝那样，而更像是另外一种坏习惯。我们的手机就像香烟一样——我们的焦虑、无聊或者是我们的手指需要把玩什么东西的时候就会去做的事。看到其他人在享受香烟，或者仅仅是偷偷瞄一眼，就难以抗拒了，不久每个人都跟着做。

K)科技、你的老板、你的朋友们都会影响你使用（或者过度使用）这些小玩意儿的频率。但是，还有一个人需要检讨——那就是那个拿着手机的人。

L）（37-1）我必须承认。尽管我的职业就是研究易令人上瘾的科技，但对我来说也很难戒掉。我上网的时间远远超过了我的意愿。像施瓦兹和其他很多人一样，我发现自己经常注意力不集中，开小差。我想知道这是为什么，于是我开始自我监控，尝试着理解自己的行为。（37-2）然后，我发现了一个让人不安的事实。我使用科技来逃避。当我做一些不想做的事情，或者待在不想待的地方，我就会用手机来把我带入另一个地方。我发现这种随时转移自己注意力的能力通常效果不错，比如打发在公共交通上的时间。但是频繁使用这种科技并不是良性的。当我面对困难的工作的时候，比如思考文章构思或者上百次修改书稿的时候，的屏幕会吸引我的注意力。我能以所谓的“研究”为借口，通过回复邮件或者浏览网页，轻易的暂时逃脱这种不适感。（44）尽管我非常希望把这归罪与其他原因，但我最终还是不得不承认，我的坏习惯与新时代的技术没有太大关系，而是更多归因与拖延的病。

M）要指责科技太易让人分散精力很容易，但是精力分散不是什么新生事物。亚里士多德和苏格拉底辩论过“意志薄弱”的本质——我们趋于做违背我们兴趣的事情。如果我们对自己诚实，科技只是另一种占据我们时间和精力的方式。如果我们不是在使用设备，也很可能做一些同样无用的事情。

N）个人技术的确比以往任何时候更具有吸引力，毋庸置疑，科技公司在不断把他们的产品和服务设计的更加具有竞争力和吸引力。但是，我们不也这么希望吗？让事情变得更好的预期效果就是让人们更多的使用。这并不是一个问题，而是一种进步。

O）这种进步并不意味着我们不该去努力控制我们对技术的使用。为了确保技术不会被控制我们，我们应该敢于接受事实，那就是该对我们习惯负责的不是技术本身。我们工作场所的文化、社交规范和个人行为都起到了一定的作用。（39）为了更好的利用技术，我们不仅要关注技术是如何改变的，而且还要关注技术是如何改变我们的。详解详析：

36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used,the more profit they generate.

译文：网络服务设计的初衷就是使用越多，产生的利润越多。

定位：由题干关键词the more…the more定位到原文画线处。E.Online services like ,Twitter and the like,are called out of manipula-tion—making products so good that people can’t stop using them.After studying these products for several years,I wrote a book about how they do it.I learned it all starts with the business model.Since these services rely on advertising revenue,the more frequently you use them,the more money they make.It’s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible.These products aren't habit-forming by chance;it's by design.They have an incentive to keep us hooked.

详解：定位句提到，因为这些服务都依赖于广告收益，人们使用越频繁，其收益就越多。题干中的profit they generate 对应原文中的money they make，故答案为E。

37.The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.

译文：作者承认曾使用技术作为借口，逃避手头工作。

定位：由题干关键词using technology和as an escape定位到原文画线处。L.I have a confession.Even though I study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like.Like Schwartz and so many others,I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so I began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior.That's when I discovered an uncomfortable truth.I use technology as an escape.When I'm doing something I'd rather not do,or when I'm someplace I'd rather not be,I use my phone to port myself elsewhere.I found that this ability to instantly shift my attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation,But frequently my tech use was not so benign.When I faced difficult work,like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time,for example,a more sinister screen would draw me in.

I could easily escape discomfort.temporarily.by answering email or browsing the web under the pretense of so-called“research.”Though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere,I finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age. technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延）

详解：定位句提到，我必须承认，我使用技术来逃避。当我做一些不想做的事情的时候，或者当我在不想待的地方的时候，我就用手机来把我带入另一个地方。由此可知，作者把手机当作借口，用来逃避手头工作。题干中的admits 对应原文中的have a confession，故答案为L。

38.Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching.

译文：用餐时查看手机现在已被普遍接受，但打嗝却不行。

定位：由题干关键词dinners和belching定位到I段。I.Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone,the person belches(打嗝）-loudly.Everyone notices.Unless the meal takes place in a beer house,this is considered bad manners.The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette.One has to wonder:why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals,meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors?Somehow,we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.

详解：定位段提到，现在，假设是同样的一次聚餐，但是有人不是看了一下手机，而是大声地打了各嗝，所有的人都会注意到，但我们接受了在用餐、会议和交谈中查看手机，并且在有人冒犯时不会说什么。题干是对该段的概括总结，故答案为I。

39.To make proper use of technology,we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.

译文：为了正确使用技术，我们不仅应意识到科技是如何改变的，而且要知道科技正如何影响着我们。

定位：由题干关键词technology is changing定位到原文画线处。O.These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology.In order to make sure it doesn't control us,we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our habits.Our workplace culture,social norms and individual behaviors all play a part.To put technology in its place,we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing,but also of how it is changing us.

详解：O段最后一句提到，为了更好地利用技术，我们不仅要关注技术是如何改变的，而且还要关注技术是如何改变我们的。题干中的To make proper use of technology对应原文中的To put technology in its place,increase ourawareness对应原文中的be conscious，故答案为O。

40.Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of Internet distractions.

译文：我们大多数人都觉得由于因特网分神，难以把注意力放在当前任务上。

定位：由题干关键词focus on以及Internet distractions定位到原文画线处。B.There’s little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty disconnecting.Many of us,like Schwartz,struggle to stay focused on tasks that require more concentration than it takes to post a status update.As one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article,“As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.”

详解：B段首句提到，毋庸置疑，几乎我们所有接触网络的人都很难摆脱它。我们很多人，就像施瓦兹一样，努力集中注意力来完成需要专注力的工作，而这比发一个动态更新难很多。由此可知，大多数人都觉得因特网分散我们的注意力，我们很难把注意力集中在当前任务上。根据上下文可知，题干中的Most of us对应原文中的nearly everyone，故答案为B。

41.When one person starts checking their phone,the others will follow suit.

译文：当有人开始查看手机，其他人会跟着做。

定位：由题干关键词checking their phone及follow suit定位到原文画线处。J.The reality is taking one’s phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense,checking tech is contagious.Once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same,starting a chain reaction.The more people are on their phones,the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking Twitter.From a societal perspective,phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit.Our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when we’re anxious,bored or when our fingers need something to toy with Seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance,is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.

详解：J段提到，查看手机是会传染的。一旦有人查看自己的手机，其他人会感到他们也必须那样做，这就引发了一个连锁反应。题干中的follow suit对应原文中的contagious和feel compelled to do the same，故答案为J。

42.The great majority of smartphone users don't take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.

译文：大多数手机用户不会费劲去调整他们的设置来适应自己的需要。

定位：由题干关键词smartphone users 和adjust their settings定位到原文画线处。F.However,as good as these services are,there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example,we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check.According to Adam Marchick,CEO of mobile marketing company Kahuna,less than15percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification settlings--meaning the remaining85percent of us default to the app makers'every preset trigger. Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs,not the needs of the app makers’.

详解：定位句提到，只有布道15%的手机用户会特意调整通知设置，这就意味着我们当中85%的人会默认软件制造商的各种预设置。题干中的The great majority of对应原文中的85percent of us；suit their own purposes对应原文中的suit our own needs，故答案为F。

43.The Internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.

译文：有人认为因特网就是设计用来分散我们的注意力。

定位：由题干关键词定位到原文画线处。D.The technologies themselves,and their makers,are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans.Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows：What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, wrote,“The net is designed to be an interruption system,a machine geared to dividing attention.”

详解：D段最后一句提到，“网络设计之初就是一种中断系统，一种分散注意力的机器。”题干中的distract our attention 对应原文中的dividing attention，故答案为D。

44.The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should do right away.

译文：作者把他的技术瘾主要归咎于自己推迟当前要做的事情的习惯。L.I have a confession.Even though I study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like.Like Schwartz and so many others,I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so I began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior.That's when I discovered an uncomfortable truth.I use technology as an escape.When I'm doing something I'd rather not do,or when I'm someplace I'd rather not be,I use my phone to port myself elsewhere.I found that this ability to instantly shift my attention was often a good thing,定位：由题干关键词定位到原文画线处。like when passing time on public transportation,But frequently my tech use was not so benign.When I faced difficult work,like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time,for example,a more sinister screen would draw me in.

I could easily escape discomfort.temporarily.by answering email or browsing the web under the pretense of so-called“research.”Though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere,I finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age. technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延）.

详解：L段最后一句提到，尽管我非常希望把这归罪于其他原因，我最终还是不得不承认，我的坏习惯与新时代的技术没有太大关系，而是更多取决于拖延的病。题干中的attributes…to对应原文的less to do with…more to do with…;pitting off doing what he should do right away对应原文中的procrastination，故答案为L。

45.White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employers.

译文：白领们一整天都要查看邮件，因为这是他们老板要求的。

定位：由题干关键词White-collar和check email定位到原文画线处。G.While companies like harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers,other technologies have no such agenda.Take email,for example.This system couldn’t care less how often you use it.Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day—we’re obsessed,But why?Because that’s what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs,email is the primary tool of corporate communication,A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

详解：G段提到，我们每天随时都会检查邮件——我们着迷了。但这是为什么呢？因为这是我们老板要求的。对于大多数白领而言，邮件是公司通讯最主要的工具。题干中的round the clock对应原文中的at all hours of the day；it is required by their employers对应原文中的that’s what the boss wants，故答案为G。

Section C

Passage One

全文翻译：

你可能听说过，可口可乐曾经含有一种能够让客户特别喜爱该饮料的成分：可卡因。（46）名称中的“可口”是指古柯叶的萃取物，该饮料的创始人化学家约翰·潘伯顿将其与自己的糖浆混合在一起。那时候，古柯叶的萃取物与酒混合是一种常见的滋补品，而潘伯顿使用甜酒酿是一种规避当地法律禁售酒精饮料的方法。但是，另外一半名称所代表的另一种成分可能名声就要差一些了，但却具有神奇的说服力：可乐果。

在西非，人们咀嚼可乐果来作为兴奋剂已有较长的历史了，因为这些果实中含有咖啡因，在茶叶、咖啡和巧克力中也存在咖啡因。它们还含有心脏兴奋剂成分。

历史学家保罗·拉夫乔伊认为可乐果在西非的培植已经有几百年的历史了。这种树叶茂盛、枝条伸展的树木种植于坟墓片边，作为传统仪式的一部分。尽管其果实需要保持湿润，运输中易被损坏，商人们还是不远万里穿越森林和草原运送它们。

直至十六世纪时葡萄牙人的船队到达今天的塞拉利昂海岸时，欧洲人才知道可乐果的存在。于是葡萄牙人加入其贸易，将这种果实和其他商品一起沿海岸线运出，但直到1620年英国探险家理查德·乔布森来到赞比亚时，可乐果在他看来依然十分稀奇。

（47）到十九世纪末，可乐谷才被成吨的运送到欧洲和美国。很多果实入药，用作能量提升剂。其中一种此类流行要引饮是“维·麻里亚尼”，它是将古柯叶萃取物和红酒混合在一起的法国饮品。它是法国化学家安哲号·马里尼亚在1863年发明的。所以在潘伯顿发明自己的饮料时，这种法国饮料正代表着一种流行趋势。（48）可卡因作为饮料添加剂最终私宠的时候，含有可乐果萃取物的可乐便流行起来。

第一年上市时，可口可乐在亚特兰大各个售卖的冷饮柜台日均销量是9瓶。随着它越来越流行，公司出售了饮料的灌装权，以便其运输更加便利。如今，可乐的日销量达到19亿。（49）它已经具有了标志性，以致于1985年改变其口味的尝试——为了促使销量而将增加甜度的做法——最终成了一张灾难，引起了消费者们的普遍愤慨。“经典可口可乐”在“新可乐”上市后的短短三个月就又回到了商店的货架。

目前，可口可乐的配方还是一个严守的秘密。但是，据说其中已经不再含有可乐果的萃取物了，而是依靠人工模仿来获取相同的口感。

详解详析：

46.答案：D

定位：由题干中的John Pemberton定位到文章首段第二、三句：The cocaine.The“coca”in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator,chemist John Pemberton,mixed with his sugary syrup(浆汁).At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic(滋补品),and Pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol.

详解：实施细节题。文章首段从可口可乐的名字分析介绍其成分，指出名称中的“可口”是指古柯叶的萃取物，而约翰·潘伯顿将其与自制的糖浆混合在一起。由于那时禁售酒精饮料，古柯叶萃取物是常用的饮品原料，它与酒混合是一种常见的滋补品，而brew是一种发酵甜浆，潘伯顿正是使用它来打“擦边球”，规避当地的法律，可见他也是冒着一定违法风险，故答案为D。

47.答案：C

定位：由题干中的kola nuts定位到文章第五段前两句：By the late19th century,kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US.Many made their way into medicines,intended as a kind of energy boost.

详解：实施细节题。定位句指出，到十九世纪末，大量可乐果被运送到欧洲和美国，很多作为能量提升剂入了药，这与C所述一致的，故答案为C。

48.答案：A

定位：由题干中的kola-extract colas和became popular定位到文章第五段最后一句：When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient,kola-extract colas became popular.

详解：推理判断题。定位句指出，当可卡因作为饮料添加剂最终失宠的时候，含有可乐果萃取物的可乐便流行起来。再上溯至之前的两句可知，以前就有人将古柯叶萃取物与酒精混合制作饮料，所以古柯叶是流行的药饮部分，而人们逐渐不再喜欢添加可卡因时，可乐果萃取物正好成了它的替代品，因此流行起来，故答案为A。

49.答案：D

定位：由题干中的taste of Coca-Cola定位到文章第六段最后两句：It's become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in1985-sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales proved disastrous,with widespread anger from consumers. "Coca-Cola Classic"returned to store shelves just three months after the"New Coke"was released.

详解：推理判断题。定位句指出，可口可乐公司为了提高销量曾经试图改变该饮品的口味，但结果是一场灾难性的失败，而经典可口可乐仍然保持着其原有的口味，可见这种饮品从创立到现在，口味基本上没有改变，故答案为D。

50.答案：A

定位：本题解答需综合全文信息。

详解：主旨大意题。文章开头引出话题，从“可口可乐”名称构成上介绍了其两种主要成分，随后重点介绍其中一种原料——“可乐果”的相关历史背景，说明了“可乐果”萃取物入药和成为饮料成分的发展过程，并进一步介绍了可口可乐从发明到流行及经历一次“未遂”的口味转变等情况，最后说道如今它的口味与成分，可见全文是介绍可口可乐这种饮料的变化发展，故答案为A。

Passage Two

全文翻译：

（51）二十年前，美国城市土地学会定义了美国国土上两种主流的城市类型：实行朝九晚五商业时间的小城市和一天24小时运转的大城市大都市。使用这种基本的分类方法来分析和比较城市为人们观察投资资金流和房价变化提供了有趣的背景。

最近几年，很多中等规模的城市开始采取一种中庸之道，将大都市的刺激与机遇和小城市午夜后的静谥相结合。（52-1）这些18小时城市开始在房地产排名中引起轩然大波，吸引到大量的房地产投资。房地产的这一新动向暗示的什么？为什么这些城市有如此魅力？

18小时城市结合了24小时城市和朝九晚五城市的优势，促使了城市中心的复苏。（53）数十年来，很多中小城市的中心区域在居住于郊区的工人们结束了一天的工作后即被摒弃。迁出城市中心成为普遍现象，而市区的租户们主要都是由贫苦的劳工阶层构成。这几乎无法为市区的商家带来晚间的商机，也因此令店家难以为继，令提供城市维护的税收十分困难。然而，随着旨在令生活更加轻松便捷的城市规划新理念逐渐兴起，市区越来越受欢迎，造成对房地产的助推，在像旧金山或纽约这样的大城市，激发出一种前瞻性都市风格，并在较小城市激发出新的。

（54）改造城市中心区，使其将现代住宅与改良的步行可及的当地餐馆、零售商店和娱乐场所相融合——特别是当它们与为单车族和公共换乘改良的基础设施相结合时，使其吸引到更多的富裕人口。这些调整变化还鼓励知识型产业的雇主将其办公场所保留在市区。步行交通和便利的换乘让诸如酒吧和餐馆这类以娱乐休闲为导向的商家可以开到更晚，吸引到年轻人、创意工作者和濒临退休的生育高峰一代等。由于其规模较小，大部分既保留了让人们休闲娱乐的时间，午夜后也较为安静，这与纽约一类主流城市持续不断的喧嚣大相径庭。

这些18小时城市正在迅速崛起，并为置业投资提供了巨大商机。（55）在许多诸如丹佛这样的城市，一种被吸引到市区的多元化、有活力的经济为居民提供了稳定的工作机会。（52-2）正确的城市组合支撑了住宅的入住率，增加了房产价值,，并且吸引了大量的投资资金。

详解详析：

51.答案：C

定位：由题干中的twenty years ago定位到文章首段第一句：Twenty years ago,the Urban Land Institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the US landscape:smaller cities that operated around standard9-5business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all24hours of the day.

详解：实施细节题。定位句明确指出，美国城市土地学会在二十年前定义了美国国土上两种主流的城市类型：实行朝九晚五商业时间的小城市和一天24小时都运转的大都市，说明那时的城市有明显的大小之分，故答案为C。

52.答案：B

定位：由题干中的18-hour cities定位到文章第二段第二句：These18-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more real estate investment.和最后一段最后一句The right urban mix has propped up home occupancy,increased property values,and attracted significant investment capital.

详解：推理判断题。文章第二段第二句提到，这些18小时城市开始在房地产排名中引起轩然大波，暗示出它们的排名上升，房产升值；而最后一段末句更是直接提到这些18小时城市中房产价值增加了，故答案为B。

53.答案：D

定位：根据题干中的Years ago和downtown cores定位到文章第三段第二句：For decades,many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs.

详解：实施细节题。定位句指出，数十年来，很多中小城市的中心区域在居住于郊区的工人们结束了一天的工作后即被摒弃，可见那时这些城市区域在晚间看起来十分萧条，故答案为D。

54.答案：C

定位：由题干中的new downtown areas in18-hour cities定位到文章第四段第一句：Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants,retail,and entertainment-especially when combined with improved infrastructure for cyclists and public transit-makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic.

详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，这些18小时城市将现代住宅与改善了的基础设施相结合，这些是传统的大小两类城市所不具备的特点，故答案为C。

55.答案：D

定位：由题干中的local residents定位到文章最后一段第二句：In many of these cities such as Denver,a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents.

详解：实施细节题。定位句明确指出，由于这些新兴的18小时城市吸引到多元化、有活力的经济，可以为当地的居民提供更加稳定的工作机会，可见D的陈述符合原文，度答案为D。

PartⅣTranslation

参考译文：

With an area of2,250square kilometers,Lake Tai in eastern China is the third largest freshwater lake after Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake.The lake houses about90islands,ranging in size from a few square meters to several square kilometers.The lake is renowned for its unique limestone formations,which are often employed to decorate traditional Chinese gardens.The lake is also known for its productive fishing industry.Since the late1970s,Harvesting fish and crabs has been invaluable to people living along the lake and has contributed significantly to the economy of the surrounding area. The lake is home to an extensive ceramics industry,including the Yixing pottery factory,which produces the world-renowned Yixing clay teapots.