词根 | 意义/作用 | 例词 | 词义 | |
ceive | take接受 | deceive, perceive, receive | 欺骗,觉察,收到 | |
cise | cut切除 | excise, precise, concise | 切掉,精确的,简明扼要的 | |
cite | call, summon唤起 | excite, incite, recite | 使兴奋,鼓动,背诵 | |
claim | cry out, call out喊,叫 | acclaim, claim, declaim, disclaim,proclaim, reclaim | 喝彩,声称,谴责,否认,宣告,开垦 | |
cline | turn, slope倾斜 | decline, incline, recline | 婉言谢绝,倾向于,处于休息位置 | |
close | shut关 | disclose, enclose, unclose | 泄露,包围,打开 | |
clude | shut终结,关闭 | conclude, exclude, include, preclude, seclude | 得出结论,不包括在内,包括,预防,隔离 | |
cord | heart中心 | accord, concord, discord, record | 相符合,和谐,不和,记录 | |
cribe | write写 | ascribe, describe, inscribe, prescribe,subscribe, transcribe | 把……归于……,描述,刻,开药方,订阅,抄写 | |
dic | speak说 | dedicate, indicate, predicate | 奉献,表明,断言 | |
dict | speak 说 | addict, contradict, indict, predict | 沉溺于,和……相矛盾,控诉,预言 | |
duce | lead, bring引导,引起 | deduce, induce, introduce, produce, reduce, seduce | 推理,引诱,介绍,生产,减少,勾引 | |
duct | lead, bring引导 | abduct, conduct, deduct, induct | 诱拐,传导,从……扣除,使正式就任 | |
fect | make, do, act作用于 | affect, defect, disaffect, effect, infect, perfect | 影响,缺点,使疏远,影响,使完美 | |
fer | bring带来 | confer, defer, differ, infer, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer | 授予,延期,不同,推论,主动给予,宁可,查阅,受折磨,调动 | |
fin | end, boundary边界 | confine, define, refine | 把……在……,下定义,精炼 | |
firm | hold, support坚固 | affirm, confirm, disaffirm, firm, reaffirm | 肯定地说,(正式)证实,反驳,稳定,再肯定 | |
flect | bend弯曲 | deflect, inflect, reflect | 使偏斜,弯曲,反射 | |
flict | strike打击 | afflict, conflict, inflict | 折磨,冲突,使受损失 |
force | strong结实 | enforce, force, reinforce | 强制执行,强迫,增加……的数量 | |
form | shape形状 | conform, deform, form, inform, perform, reform, transform, uniform | 使……一致,使变形,形成,告知,执行,改革,改造,一致的 | |
fuse | pour注,倒,灌 | confuse, diffuse, effuse, infuse, profuse, refuse | 使混乱,散出,流出,灌输,挥霍的,拒绝 | |
gest | carry, perform进行,执行 | congest, digest | 拥塞,消化 | |
here | stick粘着,固定 | adhere, cohere | 坚持,连贯 | |
hibit | dwell, hold居住,阻止 | exhibit, inhibit, prohibit , inhabit | 展览,妨碍……作某事,禁止,居住在 | |
ject | throw, cast投 | deject, eject, object, project, reject, subject | 使沮丧,喷射,反对,投射,拒绝,使隶属服从 | |
lapse | slip滑动,流逝 | collapse, elapse, lapse, relapse | 倒塌,(时间)流逝,(时间)流逝,重新回到(某种不良状态或习惯) | |
lect | pick up/choose选 | collect, elect, neglect, recollect, select | 收集,选举,忽视,回忆,精选 | |
merge | sink沉没 | emerge, immerge, merge, submerge | 出现,沉浸于,使合并,淹没 | |
migr | move移动,迁移 | emigrate, immigrate, migrate | 移居国外,移入另一国家,迁移 | |
min | project突出 | eminent, imminent, prominent | 杰出的,即将发生的,著名的 | |
mit | send, cast放出,射出 | admit, commit, emit, omit, permit, submit, transmit | 承认,干(错事),射出,删掉,允许,屈服,传播 | |
nounce | speak, report说,报道 | announce, denounce, pronounce, renounce | 宣布,谴责,发音,放弃(权利等) | |
part | part, divide, separate分开 | apart, counterpart, depart, impart, part | 相隔,对应的人或物,离开,传授,分手 | |
pass | pass经过 | pass, surpass, trespass | 经过,超过,非法侵入 | |
pass | bear, suffer feelings忍受,遭受感情 | compassion, impassion, passion | 怜悯,使感动,强烈的情感 | |
athy | feeling感情 | antipathy, apathy, sympathy | 反感,缺乏情感,同情 | |
pel | drive 驱赶,驱使 | compel, dispel, impel, propel, repel | 强迫,驱逐,促使,推动,逐退 | |
plic | fold折叠,成倍 | duplicate, explicate, implicate, replicate | 一式两份,解说,使牵连,复制 |
ply | fold折叠 | apply, comply, imply, reply | 应用,遵守,意味着,回答 | |
pose | rest, place置于 | compose, dispose, expose, impose, oppose, pose, propose, suppose | 作曲,处理,暴露,强加,反对,摆姿势,建议,假设 | |
press | press压,挤 | compress, depress, express, impress, oppress, press, repress, suppress | 压紧,使沮丧,表达,对……有印象,压迫,压,阻止, | |
prove | test证实,验证 | approve, disapprove, improve, prove, reprove | 同意,不同意,改进,证实,责备, | |
quire | search, seek寻求,查找 | acquire, inquire, require | 得到,询问,要求 | |
rupt | break突然发生,爆发,中断 | abrupt, bankrupt, corrupt, disrupt, erupt, interrupt | 突然的,破产,的,,迸发,打断 | |
scend/cend | climb爬升 | ascend, condescend, descend, transcend | 上升,屈尊,下降,超越 | |
sent | feel, think思考 | assent, consent, dissent, resent | 同意,同意,不同意,生气 | |
sequ | follow随着,接下 | consequence, sequence, subsequence | 结果,顺序,后来 | |
serve | serve, keep, heed 服务,保持,留意 | conserve, deserve, observe, preserve, reserve, serve | 保存,应得,观察,保藏,保留,服务 | |
sid | sit, settle, side坐下,定居,一边 | aside, preside, reside, subside | 到一边,主持,居住,下降 | |
sight | vision, see视力,看 | insight, oversight, sight | 洞察力,疏忽,视力 | |
sign | mark标记 | assign, consign, design, resign | 指派,委托,设计,辞职 | |
sist | stand坚持,承受 | assist, consist, exist, insist, persist, resist, subsist | 帮助,组成,生存,极力主张,坚持,抵抗,生存 | |
solve | loosen解开 | dissolve, resolve, solve | 溶解,决心,解决 | |
spect | look, see外观,看,望 | aspect, expect, inspect, prospect, respect, retrospect, suspect | 方面,期望,视察,前景,尊敬,回顾,怀疑 | |
spire | breathe呼吸 | aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire | 渴望,阴谋,期满,鼓舞, 出汗 | |
stitute | set up, place建立,代替 | constitute, institute, substitute | 构成,开始,代替 | |
strain | pull, tighten拉紧 | constrain, restrain, strain | 约束,克制,紧张 | |
struct | build, pile up建筑,堆积 | construct, instruct, obstruct | 建筑,教导,阻碍 |
sult | leap, rush out跳,冲出 | consult, exult, insult, result | 咨询,狂喜,侮辱,结果 | |
sume | take接受,承受 | assume, consume, presume, resume | 认为,消费,认为,继续 | |
tain | hold保持 | attain, contain, detain, entertain, maintain, obtain, retain, sustain | 达到,包含,耽搁,娱乐,维持, 获得,保持,承受 | |
tele | 远的 | telescope,televisio,telegram, telephone | 望远镜,电视,电报,电话 | |
tempor | time时间 | contemporary, temporary | 当代的,暂时的 | |
tempt | try尝试 | attempt, contempt, tempt | 企图,鄙视,诱惑 | |
tend | stretch ,strive伸展,斗争,倾向于,照顾,注意 | attend, contend, extend, intend, pretend, tend | 出席,斗争,延长,想要, 假装,倾向于 | |
test | witness证实 | attest, contest, detest, protest, test | 证实,比赛,厌恶,,检验 | |
tract | draw抽取,汲取 | abstract, attract, contract, distract, extract, distract, extract, subtract | 提纲,吸引,合同,分散, 取出,分散注意力,取出,减去 | |
tribute | give给,给与 | attribute, contribute, distribute, tribute | 把……归因于,有助于,分发,赞扬 | |
trude | push强行,强制,挤,推 | extrude, intrude, obtrude, protrude | 逼出,闯入,打扰,伸出 | |
vade | go走开,走 | evade, invade, pervade | 回避,侵略,弥漫 | |
vent | come来 | advent, event, invent, prevent | 出现,事件,发明,阻止 | |
vey | see看 | convey, survey | 传达,调查 | |
view | see看见 | interview, preview, review, view | 面试,预习,复习,考虑 | |
vise | see看见 | advise, revise, supervise | 劝告,修订,监督 | |
void | empty空白,空虚 | avoid, devoid, void | 避免,没有……,缺乏的 | |
vok | call, voice唤起 | evoke, invoke, provoke, revoke | 激起,引起,激怒,废除 | |
volve | roll, turn转动 | convolve, devolve, evolve, involve, revolve | 盘旋,转移,演化,使陷入,使旋转 |
前缀 | 意义/作用 | 词例 | 词义 |
ab- | 偏离,脱出,离开 | abnormal, abuse | 反常的,滥用 |
anti- | 反,抗;防止;非,对立;非传统,非正统 | anticompetitive, anticancer, anticorrosion, antiart | 反竞争,抗癌,防腐蚀,非传统的艺术 |
auto- | 自己,本身;自己的,本身的;自动的,自己调整的 | autobiography,autograph,automobile,automation, autonomy | 自传,亲笔签名,汽车,自动化,自治 |
e- | 出去 | emigrate, emit, eminent,elect | 移居国外,射出,杰出的,选举 |
bio- | 生命;生物;生物学的 | biography, biology, biochemistry, biogeography | 传记,生物,生物化学,生物地理学 |
ex- | 构成名词 以前的 | ex-wife, ex-president, export | 前妻,前总统,出口 |
ex- | 向外,向上 | extrovert, export, exit, exlude | 性格外向者,输出,出口,不包括 |
en/em- | 构成动词,可用于形容词或名词之后 | enlarge, enrich, endanger, encourage empower, embody | 扩大,使丰富,使处于…危险之中,鼓励,授权给,使具体化 |
extra- | 一般加在形容词前,表示在……之外,越出,超出 | extraordinary, extraspecial , extracurricular | 不平常的,临时增刊的,课外的 |
be- | 视作;使,使显得;覆盖以 | befriend, belittle, beware, becloud | 对……以朋友相待,轻视,当心,遮蔽 |
bi- | 二,双(倍) | biannual, bicycle | 两年一次或一年两次,自行车 |
co- | 共同;联合;同事,伙伴,副手 | coexist, cooperate, collaborate, coauthor, copilot | 共存,合作,协作,合著者,副驾驶 |
con- | 一起,和… | confuse, confer, conclude, concord | 使混乱,授予,得出结论,和谐 |
counter/contra- | 反,逆;相反的;反方向的;对应,对等 | counteract, counterattack, counterplot, contradiction, counterpart, | 抵制,,对抗策略,矛盾,对应的人或物 |
dis- | 不;除去,分离,剥夺 | disagree, disbelieve, disregard, disarm, disperse,disinterest | 不同意,不相信,忽视,解除武装,使消散,公正无私 |
de- | 除去;离开,脱离;贬,降低 | debone,derail, devalue, | 去掉骨头,使脱轨,使货币贬值 |
fore- | 在前;早先,预先;前部 | foreleg, forefather, foreshadow, foresee | 前腿,祖先,预示;预见 |
hyper- | 超出,在……之上,过度,(存在于)三维空间以上 | hyperactive ,hypercritic , hypersensitive, hyperplane hyperspace | 活动过强的,吹毛求疵的批评者,过敏的,超平面;多位空间 |
in/im- | 在……里,在……上;[构成反义词]不 | introvert, include, immigrate invisible ,instable,inappropriate | 性格内向的人,包括,从国外移,看入不见的,不稳定的,不合适的, |
inter- | 互相;在……之间,在……内 | interact, interchange , intercourse , intercultural | 相互作用,交换,往来,不同文化间的 |
il/-ir | 构成反义词,不 | illegal,illogic,ilitera, irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible | 不合法的,不符合逻辑的,文盲,没有规律的,无关的,不负责任的, |
im- | 构成反义词,不 | impossible, immeasurable | 不可能的,不可估量的 |
macro- | 大的,长的,宏观的,大规模的 | microclimate ,microeconomics , microstructure | 大气候,宏观经济学,宏观结构 |
mal- | 坏,恶,不良;不正当,非法 | malpractice , malnutrition, maladminister , maladjustment | 渎职,营养不良,对……管理不善,调节不良 |
micro- | 微小的,极小的 | microwave, microsoft , microcomputer | 微波,微软,微型计算机 |
mis- | 坏,不当;错;不,缺少,相反 | misdeed, mismanage, misspell, misjudge; mistrust | 不端行为,对……管理不善;错误的拼写,错误的判断,不信任 |
mini- | 极小的,微型的极短的 | miniature, minibike , minibus, minicab | 微小的模型,微型摩托车,中客车,微型出租车 |
mono-/uni | 单一的 | monotone, monoplane, monocycle, monologue, unilingual ,uniform | 单调的语调,单翼机,独轮车,独白,使用单一语言的人;一律的,一致的 |
multi/poly | 多的,多倍的;多方面的 | Multifunction, multination, multicultural, multiplayer, polycentrism | 多功能的,多国的,多种文化的,多层的,多中心主义 |
non- | 非,无 | non-English, non-agricultural non-dairy, non-contact | 非英语,非农业的;不含奶的,没有接触的 |
out- | 在外,向外;出;结果;超过 ,胜过 | outhouse, outpatient, outgrow, outcrop, outcome, outlive, outsell | 外屋,门诊病人;长大使得……不再适用,出现;结果;比……活的长,销得比……多 |
over- | 外面的;上面的;越过;太,过度 | overcoat; overhang; overweight, overwork, overestimate | 外衣,悬挂于……上,超重,过度工作,过高估计 |
post- | 在……之后 | postwar, postgraduate,postdoctoral | 战后时期,研究生,博士后研究人员 |
pre- | 先,预先,前面 | prereview, prearrange, preadolescence | 预习,预先安排,青春前期的少年 |
pro- | 亲,赞成 | pro-American, protagonist | 的,拥护者 |
pseudo- | 伪,假 | pseudoscience, pseudonym, pseudoplastic | 伪科学,假名,假塑料的 |
psycho- | 精神,灵魂,心理 | pshchoanalysis, pshcobiology, psychohistory,psychodynamic | 精神分析,精神生物学,心里历史学;精神动力的 |
re- | 再次,重 | return, rebuild, reconsider | 归来,重建,重新考虑 |
semi/hemi- | 半;部分地,不完全地 | semigovernmental, semifinal; semiprofessional, semieducated, hemisphere | 半性质的,半决赛(的),半职业性的,受过部分教育的,半球 |
self- | 自身的;为自身的;靠自身的 | selfassuarance, selfesteem, selfworth, selfdestruction, selffulfillment | 自信,自信心,自我价值,自毁,自我实现 |
sub- | 下面;进一步;次要,从属;次于,亚于; | submarine, subsoil; subdivide, sublet; subspecies; subeditor, substation; subtropical, suberect | 潜艇,下层土;再分,转租;亚种,助理编辑;分站,亚热带,接近垂直的 |
super- | 上,上方;进一步,次要;过,过分;超,超级 | superimpose, superstructure; superinduce; superabundant; supernatural, supersonic | 把……放在另一物之上,上层建筑;另加;极多的,大量的;超自然的,超音速的 |
trans- | 横穿,横断;在……的那边;超越,胜过 | transcontinental;transplant, transborder;transcend | 横跨的;移植,越过国界的;超出,超越 |
tri- | 三,三次;每三……一次 | triangle, trisect, trialogue, trimonthly | 三角(形),把……分成三等分,三人(方)谈,每三个月一次的 |
un- | 做……相反的动作;使自由,松开;不,非相反 | undress;undo; uncage, unhorse; unconscious, unrest | 脱去……的衣服,解开;释放,把……抛下马;未意识到的,不平静 |
under- | 在……下面,低于,次于 | underground, undercharge, underclothe, undergraduate | 在地面下,对……要价(或收费)过低,给……穿内衣,大学肄业生 |
后缀 | 意义/作用 | 词例 | 词义 | |
-an | 表示人 | American, African | 美国人,非洲人 | |
-ant | 表示人或物 | servant, assistant, participant, consultant,accountant, pollutant , immigrant, attendant | 仆人,助手,参加者, 顾问,会计,污染物,外来移民,侍从 | |
-ar | 表示人 | scholar, liar, beggar | 学者,说谎者,乞丐 | |
-ee | 表示人 | employee, trainee, payee, examinee | 雇员,受训者,受款者,受试者 | |
-eer | 表示人 | mountaineer, profiteer, volunteer engineer | 爬山运动员,得暴利者,志愿者,工程师 | |
-ent | 表示人 | correspondent, respondent, student | 通信者,调查对象,学生 | |
-er | 表示人 | employer | 雇主, | |
-ese | 表示一个国家的 人或语言 | Chinese,Japanese,Portugese | 中国人(汉语),日本人(日语),葡萄牙人(葡萄牙语) | |
-ese | 表示女性,动物雌性 | actress,waitress,lioness | 女演员,女侍者,母狮 | |
-or | 表示人 | actor, sailor, governor, conductor, educator, survivor,translator | 演员,海员,州长,售票员,教育家,幸存者,翻译者(家) | |
-acy | 表示性质、状态或情况 | fallacy, tendency, infancy, sufficiency, efficiency, accuracy | 论,倾向,婴儿期,足够,效率,精确(性) | |
-age | 构成名词,表示结果、行动或状态 | shortage, storage, wreckage, passage, marriage, postage | 缺乏,储存,沉船残骸,通道,婚姻,邮资 | |
-al | 构成名词,表示行动或动作 | refusal, arrival, approval, denial, dismissal,criminal | 拒绝,到达,同意,否认,解散,罪犯 | |
-al | 构成形容词 | moral,emotional,conventional,envi-ronmental,incidental,principal, educational | 道德的,情感的,常规的,环境的,偶然的,主要的,教育的 | |
-ance/ancy- | 表示动作、状态或特性 | guidance,annoyance,acquaintance, avoidance,disturbance,constancy, appearance, | 指导,烦恼,认识,避免,打扰,始终如一,出现 | |
-able/ible | 能够…… 的,适于……,值得……的;易受……的 | divisible, inevitable, escapable reasonable, numerable | 可分的,不可避免的,可逃脱的,合理的,可数的 | |
-ate | 构成动词 | enumerate, accumulate, formulate,generate, aggravate,stimulate,exaggerate, decorate | 列举,积累,阐明,产生,加重,鼓励,夸张,装饰 | |
-ce | 构成名词 | difference,dependence,persistence,patience,convenience,reassurance | 不同,依靠,坚持,耐心,方便,再保证 | |
-dom- | 领域,领土,版图 | freedom, kingdom, officialdom, bordom | 自由,王国,官场,厌烦 |
-en | 用于形容词或名词之后,构成动词意思是使变成 | deepen, widen, shorten, soften, darken, redden, brighten,hearten, heighten | 加深,拓宽,缩短,使变软,变黑,变红,变亮,鼓舞,加高 | |
-ence/-ency | 表示性质或状态 | confidence, existence, frequency emergency | 信心,存在,频率,紧急情况 | |
-ery | 地点或行为 | nursery, robbery | 幼儿园,抢劫 | |
-ful | 充满…… 的;有…… 特色的;造成……的;构成名词,装满的量或数 | eventful, careful, hopeful, painful, colorful,resentful handful, spoonful, mouthful | 多事的,仔细的,有希望的,疼痛的,丰富多彩的,怨恨的;一把,一勺子,满口 | |
-hood | 表示状态或时期 | childhood, manhood, neighborhood | 童年时期,成人时期,邻居 | |
-ian | 表示人 | musician, technician, physician historian, electrician | 音乐家,技术员,内科医生,历史学家,电工 | |
-ion/tion | 表示情况、 状态、性质、 行为 | fashion, introduction, consumption realization, modernization | 时髦,介绍,消费, 实现,现代化 | |
-ic/ical | 关于…的,属于…… 的 | realistic, optimistic, toxic pessimistic, historical political, | 现实的,乐观的,有毒的,悲观的,历史上的,政治上的 | |
-ics | …学 | statistics,electronics,economics,physics, | 统计学,电子学,经济学,物理学 | |
-ify | 构成动词 | simplify, clarify, modify, electrify, identify, classify | 简化,澄清,修饰,使电气化,识别,分类 | |
-ly | 如……的;有……特性的,可构成形容词或副词 | motherly,brotherly,lovely, beastly, manly | 母亲般的,兄弟般的,可爱的,野兽般的,男子汉气的 | |
-ish | 属于……的,(贬义)有……特性的,有些……的 | Swedish, foolish, childish, selfish | 瑞典的,愚笨的,孩子般的自私的, | |
-ism | …主义 | socialism,capitalism,feualism | 社会主义,资本主义,封建主义 | |
-ist | 表示人,可指授权做谋事的人,(思想、主义、学说的)信奉者 | typist, scientist, agriculturist,journalist,sociologist | 打字员,科学家,农学家,记者,社会学家 | |
-ity | 构成名词 | superiority,inferiotity,similarit-y,majority,minority,priority,nec-essity,personality,nationality, curiosity, | 优越(性),下等,相似点,多数,少数,优先(权),必要性,个性,国籍,好奇心 | |
-ive | 构成形容词 | effective,competitive,cooperative,talkative,exclusive,intensive, negative | 有效的,竞争的,合作的,健谈的,排除的,集中的,否定的 | |
-ize | 构成动词 | specialize, emphasize, memorize, analyze, crystallize, scrutinize, sympathize,maximize, minimize | 专门研究,强调,记住,分析,结晶,仔细检查,同情,扩大到最大限度,降低在最小限度 | |
-less | 没有……的 | meaningless, jobless, endless, hopeless | 没有意义的,失业的,没有终止的,没有希望的 | |
-man | 表示某一行为的实施者 | fishman , milkman, spaceman, fireman, businessman | 钓鱼的人,送牛奶的人,宇航员,消防队员,商人 | |
-ment | 构成名词,表示行为的原因、方法;结果 | argument,advertisement, requirement, involvement, assessment, instrument | 争辩,广告,要求,涉及,评估,仪器 |
-mum | 构成名词 | maximum, minumum, optimum,medium | 最大限度,最小限度,最佳的,手段 | |
-ness | 表示状况、性质或程度 | deafness, neatness, carelessness, illness, tenderness, shyness, slowness, riskiness, gentleness | 聋,整洁,粗心,疾病,柔软,羞怯,缓慢,冒险,温柔 | |
-ous/eous/ious | 构成形容词 | dangerous, advantageous, spontaneous, courageous, industrious, nutritious | 危险的,有利的,自发的,勇敢,勤奋的,有营养的 | |
-ship | 表示状态或性质;职位身份或地位 | hardship,friendship,leadership, membership, relationship | 艰难,友谊,领导,会员,关系 | |
-some | 易于……的 | troublesome,tiresome,burdensome, handsome,worrisome | 麻烦的,疲劳的,累赘的,清秀的, | |
-t | 构成名词 | complaint, threat, pursuit, trait | 抱怨,威胁,追求,特性 | |
-th | 构成名词,表示状态、情形、过程等 | growth, death, strength, length, width, depth, height | 生长,死亡,力量,长度,宽度,深度,高度 | |
-ure | 构成名词 | departure, pressure | 离开,压力 | |
-ty | 构成名词 | difficulty, certainty, loyalty, specialty, safety | 困难,肯定,忠诚,专业,安全 |