Unit 1
1. what a delicious smell!
本句是一个感叹句，感叹句的常见结构为：what+a\\an+adj.+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
what+adj.+不可数名词\可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!how +adj. (+主语+谓语)!
Eg：What a beautiful girl (she is)! =How beautiful the (girl is)!
此外，smell在本句中作名词，表示“香味”。
2. nice:adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的
nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行
The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。
3. would you like to try some?would like 比want 语气更委婉
Would you like……?是一个表示请求的句型，句中用some\\something，而不用any\\anything。还可用于would like sth.\\would (sb) like to do sth
Eg：Would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon? Would you like something to drink?
try (not) to do sth 尽力(不)去做某事 try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事 .
4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的 修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl
lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课
5. I’m afraid that + 从句: 恐怕 （表示歉意或让对方失望的情况）
I’m afraid that I can’t come to your party tomorrow.
6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点 后接 / 形容词 / 副词
\ 形容词 / 副词的比较级
I feel a bit thirsty now.
After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler.
2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left.
a bit of + 不可数名词：There Is a bit of water in thebottle.
7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词
have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴
8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。
9. be done: 做好了，完成了 done: adj. 做好了的，完成了
10. be sure + 从句：Are you sure what you said?
Be sure of / about sth.: 对……确信 I’m sure of / about the telephone number.
be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必（不）做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus.
11.lucky day:幸运日 You’re a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。
luck(n.) lucky(adj.) luckily(adv.)
12.Do you want to try a piece? want to do sth want sb (not) to do sth
a piece of……一张\条\片 (a piece of paper\\advice)
Eg：I want to be an actor in the future.
13. there be 句型表示“某地有……”，其中be只有is\\are，判断主谓一致时遵循就近一致的原则。变成否定时在be后加not；变成一般疑问句时将be提至句首，肯定回答用Yes, there is\\are. 否定回答用No, there isn’t\\aren’t.
Eg：There is a desk and two chairs in my bedroom.
【拓展】there be 句型在一般将来时中的应用：There will be……\\There is(are) going to be ……、Eg：There will be a football match tomorrow.=There is going to be a football match tomorrow.
14. shall I get the sugar?
“shall I do sth?”常用于表示sb主动提出做sth，表示征求他人意见，请求他人允许或向他人提出建议。(shall通常跟第一人称连用) Eg：Shall we go to the movie?
15.表示推测： It might be 可能是…… It must be 一定是……
表示推测，可能性的情态动词：must﹥can﹥could﹥may﹥might(可能性从大→小)
16. speak+语言 say+具体内容 tell sb sth ; tell sb (not) to do sth
talk to\\with sb about sth 关于sth与sb交谈
Unit 2
1. thanks for = thank you for: 因……而感谢你
Thank you for / your help.\ sending me phots.
welcome to sp Welcome to Beijing. Welcome home ---Thank you! ---You are welcome.
2. message: 口信、信息 （可数名词）take a message:捎个口信 leave a message:留信
Information: 信息（不可数名词） a piece of information , some information
3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信
I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week.
4. can’t wait to do sth. : 等不及 / 迫不及待做某事
I can’t wait to open the present.
5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词 + 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。
2）quite 修饰动词时放在动词前 He quite likes maths. 他很喜欢数学。
very: 1) a very + 形容词 + 名词 a very nice boy
2) very 与much合在一起修饰动词时，位于句末。He likes English very much.
6. sound like: 听起来（像） The music sounds very beautiful.
7. 1) sb. spend some time / money (in) doing sth.: 某人花费时间 / 钱做某事
Don’t spend too much time (in) playing computer games.
2) sb. spend some time / money on sth. :某人花时间 / 钱在某事/某物上
I spent ten yuan on this book. Many people spned their free time on their hobbies.
8. be proud of sb. / sth. : 以某人 / 某事为自豪 Parents are proud of their children.
We’re proud of our country.
9. be good at sth. / doing sth. = do well in sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事 / 做某事
I’m good at English / swimming. = I do well in English / swimming.
【拓展】be good for 对…有益。 be bad for 对…有害。be good to = be friendly to 对…友好
Eg：Smoking is bad for our health. Our teacher is good to us, we all like her.
注意：有a的表示肯定，无a的表示否定
10. How do you feel about…？= What do you think of …? = How do you like…？
How do you feel about the film? = What do you think of the film?
11. in: 在多久之后，常用于将来时，对其提问用how soon
--- How soon will you leave Beijing?
--- I’ll come back in three days.
12. how to do things: 疑问词 + 不定式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语
1) I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do. （作宾语）
疑问词加不定式作宾语时可以转换成宾语从句。
2) When to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided. （作主语）
3) His dream is how to be a good scientist. （作表语）
4) I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know how to do it.
13. 1) be afraid of sb. / sth. : 害怕某人/某物 I’m afraid of doctors / dogs.
2) be afraid of doing sth.: 害怕做某事 I’m afraid of flying / going out at night.
3) be afraid to do sth.: 害怕做某事 I’m afraid to swim across the river.
4) I’m afraid that: 恐怕 I’m afraid that you must study hard.
14. “到达”的表达法：get to sp reach+sp at+小地点 (get home\\here\here)
15. 表示“穿戴”：wear+衣帽\饰物 in+颜色\款式Put on 穿上(动作) dress sb\\oneself
【辨析】as well\oo\\also\\either：as well 肯定句，放句末，前面不加逗号 。too肯定句或一般疑问句，放句末， 前面常加逗号。also肯定句，放句中。 either 否定句，放句末，前面常加逗号16.I’m always sorry when I don’t know how to do things in the right……
how to do sth 是“疑问词+动词不定式短语”，在句中作know的宾语
Eg：I don’t know what to do next.
17. ask sb (not) to do sth help sb (to) do sth=help sb with sth
18. what does sb\\sth look like?用于询问某人或某事的外貌或外部特征
What’s sb\\sth like? 用于询问某人或某事的性格或特征
Eg：---What does Mary look like? ---She is thin.
---What’s Tom like? ---He is shy.
19.another 指三个及以上中的另一个。The other 指两者中的另一个。Someone else 表示其他的人。
20. noisy(adj.) 吵闹的.noise(n.) 噪音(不可数)。noisily(adv.) 吵闹地。make much noise. 发出很多噪音。much\\even+比较级
语法：表示感觉和知觉的系动词也称感官系动词
1. 五个表示感觉和知觉的系动词与眼、耳、口、鼻、手相关系。
look, sound, taste, smell, feel + 形容词 He feels tired after work.
2. 感官系动词后可接介词like, like后常接名词。 His idea sounds like fun .
3. 感官系动词的句型结构与be 不同，其否定形式和疑问形式要借助动词 do。
The food tastes delicious. 变成否定句→ The food doesn’t taste delicious.
变成一般疑问句→ Does the food taste delicious?
4.持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay
The weather will keep warm for 7 days.
5.变化系动词有become, grow, turn, get, go等。
Module 2 Experiences
Unit 1
1. 1) enter = take part in = join in 参加 enter a competition: 参加比赛
2) enter = come / go into 进入 Please enter the classroom.
2. ever: 曾经、从来，用于现在完成时的一疑问句、否定句。
1) Have / Has sb. ever + done sth. ? 某人曾经做过某事吗？
Have you ever entered a club?
2) ever用于否定句，not ever = never 从来
She hasn’t ever entered any competitions.
3. before adv. 以前, 与现在完成时连用; 也可与一般过去时/一般现在时连用,位于句末。
She has never been to Beijing before.
Turn off the light before you leave the room.
He came back before 10 o’clock last night.
4. 1) afford: 买得起、付得起，常与can, could, be able to 连用。
The house is too expensive. I can’t afford it.
2) afford后跟动词不定式作宾语，can afford to / do sth.: 有能力支付做某事
\ buy sth.: 买得起某物
I can afford to visit Shanghai this year.
He is very poor and can’t afford to buy a house in the city.
5. That’s a pity. What a pity! 真遗憾！
It’s a pity that: 太可惜了 It’s a pity that you can’t come to the party.
6. here , there , out, in 等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，主语是名词，句子要全部倒装；
如果主语是代词，句子则要部分倒装。
Here is a gift for you. Here comes the bus. (主语是名词)
Here it is. Here you are. (主语是代词)
7. 不定式短语在句中作目的状语，位于句首或句中。
To catch the early bus, I get up early. (位于句首，其后有逗号)
He studied hard to pass the exam. (位于主句后即句末)
8. She worried about her future. = She _______ ________ about her future.
9. make up: 编造，组成 Can you make up a story?
be made up of: 由……组成 The basketball team is made up of 20 players.
10. 1) I hope that (宾语从句) 表示祝愿: I hope that my dream will come true.
2) hope / wish to do sth.: I wish to become a doctor in the future.
3) wish sb. to do sth.: I wish you to come to my birthday party.
11. 1) invite sb. to do sth.: 邀请某人做某事 Lily invited me to see a film yesterday.
2) invite sb. to someplace: 邀请某人去某地 I’ll invite Lilly to my party.
12. competition(n.) 比赛 compete with sb for sth 为了sth与sb竞争
competitive(adj.) 有竞争力的 competitor(n.) 竞争者
13. kind adj. 善良的，和蔼的 kindness(n.) 善良
n. 种类：a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样
Eg：He is a kind boy and often helps others. There are all kinds of things in the supermarket.
14. help sb (to) do sth = help sb with sth improve(v.) 提高，改善 improvement(n.)
Eg：In order to improve my English, my brother helps me with my homework every day.
15. maybe 也许，大概(常放句首) may be 可能是(常放句中)
Eg：Maybe you are right. You may be right.
16. win+比赛 赢得…… (win—won—won) beat+对手(sb) 打败……(beat—beat—beaten)
Eg：At last, he won the game. We beat them at chess.
17. the first prize 一等奖 the second prize 二等奖
18. dream of/about doing sth 梦想做某事afford to do sth 有能力支付做某事
Eg：He dreams of becoming a scientist. I can’t afford to buy a new computer.
19. Have you ever won any prizes before?
Have/Has sb ever+过去分词+其他? 用于询问某人是否做过某事，回答用yes/no.
Eg：---Have you ever been to Beijing? ---Yes, I have. / ---No, I haven’t.
20. stop to do sth 停止去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事
Eg：Stop talking! You look tired, why not stop to have a rest?
Eg：It is a pity to fail in the exam. It was a pity that we missed the wonderful match.
11. mean(v.) 意思是，意味着 mean to do sth= plan to do sth
meaning(n.) 意思 the meaning of…… ……的意思
Eg：Do you mean to go to Hainan Island for holiday this year?
22. 动词不定式to do 结构在句中可以作目的状语之外，还可以作宾语、宾语补足语。
Eg：To catch the bus, I have to get up early.
He decides to study hard this term.
The teacher asks us to take notes in class.
23. Don’t worry! 不要担心! worry 担心；为……担心 worry about=be worried about 担忧
26. called=named 被叫做……(过去分词充当定语) Eg：There is a girl called/named Lucy in my class.
Unit 2
1. 数词-名词-形容词：合成 /复合形容词，其中的名词必须用单数形式，只能放在名词前做定语，不能作表语。
Tom is an eight-year-old boy. Tom is eight years old.
2. one of + the 形容词最高级 + 名词复数形式：最……之一
The Yangze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
3. move to sp.: 搬到某地 They are moving to Beijing in a month.他们一个月后要搬到北京。
work with sb. 与某人一起工作
work for…… 为……工作(for后面通常为公司) send sb. to sp. 把某人送到某地
4.1) send sb. to do sth.: 派遣某人做某事 They sent some scientists to work in Beijing.
2)send sb. to a place: 派某人去某地 The school sent Tom to Guilin.
3)send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.: 送/ 寄给某人某物 I sent Lily a book. = I sent a book to Lily.
5. the + 姓氏s :……一家人，……夫妇 , 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The Smiths are having dinner now.
6. 1) has / have been to: 去过某地(表示经历)，人现在已回来，常与ever, never，次数等连用。
I have been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次了。
2) has /have gone to: 去某地了（表示此人不在这儿），不能用于第三人称。
--- May I speak to Li Tao? 我可以和地涛通话吗？
--- Sorry. He has gone to Beijing. 很抱歉。他去北京了。
3) has / have been in: 住在/ 在，是延续性动词短语，可以与时间段连用。
He has been in Shanghai / for ten years.
\\ since he worked .
23. 7.for example(举一例) start/begin to do sth 开始去做某事 such as (可举多例)
doing sth 开始做某事 be different from与……不同 in many ways 在很多方面
8.in many ways: 在许多方面 In many ways, they do better than us.
9. think / find / feel it + adj.(形容词) to do sth.: 觉得/ 认为/感觉做某事……
I think it important to learn English well.
I find it boring to play computer games.
10. so far= up to now: 到目前为止，常与现在完成时连用,位于句首或句末。
We have planted 2,000 trees so far.
So far I have learned 10,000 words.
11. mix ……with……：把……和……混和在一起
We can sometimes mix business with pleasure. 我们有时可以把工作和娱乐结合起来。
12. 1) ask sb. (not) to do sth.: 要求/ 让某人（不）做某事
Tom asked his mother to wake him up at seven o’clock.
2) ask sb. about sth.: 向某人询问有关某事 ask ab. for sth.: 向某人要某物
Tom asked me about the homework. I asked Tom for a book.
13. although=though 虽然，尽管(不能but连用，但是可以yet连用)
Eg：Although he is not rich, he is very happy.
=Although he is not rich, yet he is very happy.
=He is not rich,, but he is very happy.
14. at the moment= now 现在 (常用于一般现在时和现在进行时)
one of +最高级+可数名词复数 ……之一 (谓语动词用单数)
Eg：We are waiting for the bus at the moment.
Luxun is one of the greatest writers in China.
15. they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words.本句中it 作find后的形式宾语，真正的宾语为to spell and pronounce the words.动词还可以是think，suppose等
Eg：I think it boring to play computer games.
【拓展】it除了作形式宾语之外，还可以作形式主语，同时用to do 作真正的主语。
Eg：It is important to learn English well.
16. so far 到目前为止(常跟现在完成时一起用) all over the world 全世界
count down 倒计时 look forward to doing sth (pay attention to doing sth )
17. 交通方式的表达法：
(1) by+交通工具 (2) take the +交通工具(在句中作谓语) (3) on/in+限定词+交通工具
(4) 动词+to+地点(常见的动词：walk\\drive\\fly\\ride等)
Eg： I go to work by bus.
He usually takes the bus to go home.
I hope more and more people go to work on their bike.
My father drives to work every day.
18. have a wonderful\\good\\great\\nice time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心
Eg：---I’m going to Hainan for holiday tomorrow.
---Have a good time.
Module3 Journey to space
Unit 1
2. 1. What are you up to? = What are you doing ?最近在忙什么?
be up to 表示“正在干，从事着”。常用在非正式常合中。后面接名词、代词或v.ing形式等。如： All of us are up to good deeds.我们所有人都在做有益的事情。 Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.去看看这些顽皮的孩子在做什么。
be up to sb. to do sth. 表示“应由某人做某事”。常用it作形式主语。如：It is up to me to get the four of us moving.该由我来召集我们四个人动起来。
be up to sb. 表示“由某人决定，随某人”。如： Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother.我们是否去公园由你哥哥定。 An Indian or a Chinese meal? It’s up to you.吃印度菜还是中国菜？由你决定吧。
be up to 表示“胜任，适合，适于”，多用于否定句或疑问句。如：
Li Ping is not up to his work.李平不能胜任他的工作。 Do you think she is up to doing it alone?你认为她能完成这件事吗？
be up to表示“及得上，比得上”。如：The new book of Mr. Smith is not up to his last.史密斯先生的这本新书不及他写的前一本好。
2. 1) just: 刚刚，用于现在完成时，位于助动词后，实义动词前。
The train has just left.
2) just now = a moment ago 刚才，常与一般过去时连用，位于句末。
I saw an old friend just now.
3. yet: 1) 用于现在完成时的疑问句中，位于句末，意为“已经”。
Have you finished your homework yet?
2) 用于现在完成时的否定句中，位于句末，意为“还没有”，not…yet
I have not seen the film yet. 我还没看过这部电影。
already:已经，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，位于助动词has / have后,有时位于句末。
I have already finished my homework. I have seen the film already.
4.Have you heard the latest news? 你听说过这个最新消息吗？
latest adj.最近的；最新的 常放在名词前作定语。
The news is all about the latest meeting.这条消息是关于最近的会议的。
latest也可作副词, 意为“最迟地；最近地” 。
She got up latest this morning. 她今天早上起床起得最晚。
5. That’s why……: 那就是……的原因 why在此引导的是表语从句。
My bike was broken. That’s why I was late for school.
6. discover: 发现本已存在的客观事物、科学上的新发现。
Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。
7. 1) no one = nobody 没有人, 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，只指人，不能指物。
No one likes this kind of book.
2) None: 可以接of短语，既可以指人也可以指物。
None of the coats is red.
8. in order to do sth.:为了做某事,表目的，位于句首或句中,可与so as to do sth.相互转换。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
= In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.
9. 1) one day: 某一天（过去/ 将来），用过去/ 将来时 I’ll realize my dream one day
2) some day: 某一天 （将来），用一般将来时 I’ll travel around the world some day.
3) The other day: 几天前（过去），用一般过去时
I met an old friend in the street the other day.
10.I’m not sure how to make it. be sure 后可接从句、动词不定式或“介词of / about + 名词/代词/动名词”，表示“对…确信、有把握”。
11.So have they discovered life on Mars? on prep. 在(播放)中；关于……e.g. What’s on the TV?电视正在播放什么节目？
12.So have they discovered life on Mars?discover “发现”，表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误.
辨析：find & find out & look for & discover
look for是find之前的寻找过程。 What are you looking for? 你在找什么？
find是look for的结果。They finally found a way．他们终于找到了办法。
find out指经过一番努力最终找到。I found out she was wrong.我发现她错了。
discover 表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X rays.威尔海尔姆·伦琴发现了X射线。
13.Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。 already表示“已经”，常放在have/ has之后，通常用于肯定句中。e.g. Jack has already finished his homework.
have/ has been to表示曾经去过某地，但现在已经回到他的生活所在地。e.g. They’ve already been to Suzhou twice.他们已经去过苏州两次了。
have been to 表示“去过某地”，但现在已经回来了；
have gone to 表示“去了某地”，现在不在这里（说话人所在地）。
10.just/already/yet用法小结just “刚刚”；already “已经”，一般置于have/has之后，两者都用于肯定句；yet 用在否定句和疑问句，表示“还未”。
Unit 2
1. there be 就近原则：be 动词与和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
there be 的一般将来时结构为：there will be 或There is / are going to be
There is a bank and some pens on the desk.
There will be / is going to be a football match tomorrow.
2. on the earth: 在地球上
on earth: 究竟、世界上 Who on earth won the match?
3. go around: 围绕……运行 The earth goes around the sun.
4. a group of: 一群/ 组……，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
She has a group of friends.
5. possible:可能的 — impossible:不可能的 polite:礼貌的 — impolite:不礼貌的
6. adj. / adv. + enough to do sth.:
Your brother is old enough to go to school.
This book isn’t easy enough for me to read.
7. 介词短语作状语。 With a smile on her face, she came in.
8. alone: adj. 独自的、单独的 adv. 单独地、独自地
lonely: adj. 孤独的、寂寞的
He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
9. communicate with sb.: 与某人交流 n. communication交流
We need to communicate with our parents at home.
01.hundreds of 成百上千的;数以百计的 02.thousand of 成千上万的
03.millions of 数以百万计的 04.go around 围着…转
05.don’t think 认为…不 06.one of …之一
07.none of 没有一个（三者或三者以上） neither of（两者）
08.discover 发现 09.far away 遥远
10.IT’s impossible to imagine 是不可以想象的 11.Send…to… 把…发送到…
12.far enough 足够的远 13.ask the questions 问问题
14.communicate with 与…沟通 15.In space/the universe/the Galaxy
16.On the earth/Mars/Moon
1. Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years.科学家们认为地球上的生命已经有上亿年的历史。
hundred前加基数词，表示“一百、二百、三百……”，hundred要用单数形式；hundred与of连用表示“数百”时，hundred要用复数形式，即hundreds of。
2. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space? 宇宙中有这么多星球，我们是孤独的吗？抑或太空中还有其他生命存在呢？
with so many stars in the universe是介词短语，在句中作状语。如With so many things to do, we have no time to play.要做的事情这么多，我们都没时间玩了。
3. Why has no one communicated with us?为什么没有人和我们联系呢？no one表示“没有人”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：We rang several times, but no one answered. 我们按了几次铃，但没有人来开门。
none 指三个或三个以上的人或物中“没有一个”，其后常接“of + 名词 / 代词”，后面动词单复数形式均可。
语法：
1. 现在完成时常与already, yet, just, before, recently等词连用。
She has just arrived in China.
I haven’t seen him recently.
We have seen the film before.
2. 现在完成时常与ever, never, twice 等连用。
Have you ever been to Beijing?
I have been to Guilin twice.
Module 4 Seeing the doctor
Unit 1
1. How can I help you? = What can I do for you? 有什么事？
2. ill: 只作表语 Tom was ill yesterday. He has been ill for 4 days.
sick: 可作表语或定语 The mother is looking after her sick son.
3. My head hurts. = I have got a headache.= I have a pain in my head. 我头痛。
4. have / catch a cold: 感冒 have a bad cold:患重感冒
have a high / lowfever:发高 / 低烧 have a cough: 咳嗽 have a toothache:牙痛
5. take one’s temperature: 给某人量体温 Have you taken your temperature?
6. exercise: 1) 锻炼、运动，为不可数名词。We should do / tale some exercise every day.
2) 练习、作业、体操，为可数名词。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
7. since: 1) 作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时。2) 作介词，后跟时间点 She has worked here since 2010.
现在完成时 + since +句子（一般过去时）He has lived here since he was 10 .
for: 计、达，后跟一段时间（时间段） I have worked here for 14 years.
8. once a week: 一周一次 twice a year:一年两次 这些表示频率的短语，对其提问用how often.
--- How often do you go swimming? --- Three times a week.
1.I’ve got a stomachache and my head hurts. 我胃疼和头疼。
I have got a stomachache.意为“我胃疼”，是表示疾病的一种表达方式，还可以用“My stomach hurts/aches. 或I have a pain in my stomach. ”来表示“我胃疼。”例如：I have got a toothache.
与 stomachache的构词法相同的单词有：toothache (牙疼）；headache (头疼）；backache (背疼）等。
2.How long have you been like this? 你像这样已经有多长时间了？
how long意为“多长时间”，用来询问一段时间。通常对“for + 一段时间”或since引导的时间状语从句提问。
—How long do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡多长时间？
3.Since Friday. I’ve been ill for about three days! 自从星期五开始。我已经病了大约三天了。
since可作介词或连词，意为“自……以来”，后接表示过去的某个时间点的名词或短语，表示一段时间，常用于完成时态。She has worked here since 1992. 自从 1992 年以来她就在这儿工作。
for+—段时间 for about three days“大约三天”。“for+—段时间”表示时间段，表示某种动作延续的时间，所以要与延续性动词连用。常用于 完成时态，但也可以和其他时态连用。注意for后接表示一段 时间的短语。
She has lived there for nine months.她住在那儿九个月 了。
4.That’s why you’ve got a stomachache. 那就是你为什么胃疼的原因。
That’s why ...是常用句型，意为“那就是……的原因；因此……”，why后面用陈述句语序。该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet all through.我既没穿雨衣，也没带雨伞，所以全身都淋湿了。
That’s why your father backed off, and that’s why you backed off.那正是你爸爸后退的原因，也是你后退的原因。
5.It can be very harmful to your health. 那会对你的健康有害处。
be harmful to...意为“对.........有害处”，其同义短语是be harmful for/be bad for;其反义短语是be good for“对有好处”。 Eating junk food is harmful to you. 吃垃圾食品对你有害处。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。
health健康（状况）
health是名词，意为“健康（状况）”，是不可数名词。其形容词形式是healthy，反义词是unhealthy; 副词形式是healthily。
Unit 2
1. I feel well. 我感觉身体好。 well= fine
2. active: adj. 积极的、活跃的 Tony was very active at the party last night.
take an active part in: 积极参加 Tony always takes an active part in the English club.
3. feel / keep healthy = feel / keep fit 感到/ 保持健康
4. be in excellent condition: 健康状况很好 be in trouble:处于困境
He is in trouble and needs our help.
5. for / in the last few weeks / months / years: 在过去的几周 / 月/ 年里，常与现在完成时连用。
I have learnt lots of English words in the last few weeks.
6. sleepy adj. 欲睡的、想睡的 I often feel sleepy in class.
asleep adj. 睡着的、睡熟的 fall asleep:入睡、睡着 I felt sleepy and fell asleep soon.
7. daily = everyday adj. 日常的、天天的 in daily life:在日常生活中
8. weak: 虚弱的、弱的 Tom is a little weak.
be weak in: 在……方面差 I am weak in maths but good at Chinese.
9. feel awful: 感到不舒服 The weather is awful / terrible today. 极坏的、坏透了
10. all over: 浑身、到处 I’m black and white all over. 我浑身青一块紫一块。
all over 指“遍布”与around 同义：all over the world = all around the world
11. too + adj. to do sth.: 太……而不能做某事，可以与not …enough to do sth 及So…that的否定结构互换。 His brother is too young to join the army.= His brother is not old enough to join the army.
= His brother is so young that he can’t join the army.
1.Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk every day. 现在，我通过每天带他散步来做锻炼。
by doing sth. 通过做某事 短语中by是介词，意为“通过；以……方式”，其后接动词的-ing形式。对它提问时用特殊疑问词how。—How do you study for a test? 你是怎么备考的？
—I study for a test by working in groups. 我是通过小组合作学习的方式备考的。
2.I have had him for three months now. 现在我已经拥有他有三个月了。
had在句中是动词的过去分词，与助动词have构成现在完成 时。又因为had是延续性动词，可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如Tony bought the car two years ago. 托尼两年前买的这辆车。= Tony has had the car for two years. 托尼拥有这辆车已经有两年了。
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，可以与表示时间段的状语连用。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动 词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。但是延续性动词与非延续性动词之间可以转换，常用且常考的有：
leave—be away borrow—keep buy—have begin/start—be on
die—be dead join—be in catch a cold—have a cold come here—be here
go there—be there become—be come back—be back get to know—know
3....... and she also takes part in the same training with us. ......, 她也和我们一起参加同样的训练。
take part in意为“参加”，指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，有时与join in可互换。如Will you take part in the English evening party? 你同我们一'起参加英语晚会好吗？
All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning. 所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
join也意为“参加”，多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，如加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，还可表示参与某种活动。 I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。
Will you join us for dinner? 请你和我们一起吃晚饭好吗
4.I arrive at work with a smile on my face. 我面带微笑着到达工作地点。
with a smile on my face意为“面带微笑”，其结构是“with +宾语+介词短语”，在句中作状语。
The man left the meeting with a book in his hand. 这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。
【小结】with/without其他复合结构的用法(1) with或without+名词/代词+形容词；She came into the room with her nose red because of cold.由于天冷她红着鼻子进了房间。(2) with或without+名词/代词+副词；With the meal over, we all went home.吃完饭后，我们都回家了。(3) with或without+名词/代词+动词不定式；He could not finish it without me to help him.没有我帮助他，他是不可能完成的。(4) with或without+名词/代词+分词。
She fell asleep with the light burning. (with+名词+现在分词）她点着灯睡着了。
Module4Unit3
1.I haven’t done much exercise since I got my computer last year.自从去年我买了电脑之后，我就没做多少锻炼。
I haven’t done“我没做”是现在完成时的否定句形式，其构成是在助动词have或has之后加not。
We haven’t studied the project. 我们还没有研究这个课题。非延续性动词表示动作发生后立刻结束，不能和一段时间连用。有趣的是，非延续性动词的肯定式不能“延续”，但是它的否定式可以“延续”，因为这个动作根本没有发生过。如He hasn’t come here for two days.他两天没来这儿了。I haven’t received her letter for half a month.我有半个月没收到她的信了。
2.So last month I decided to take more exercise and started walking to school. 所以上个月我决定多做锻炼，并开始走着去学校。decide作动词，意为“决定”，后面接动词不定式，即decide to do sth.，相当于 make up one’s mind to do sth.。其否定形式为 decide not to do sth.，意为“决定不做某事”。I decided to stay at home and play with the computer.我决定待在家里玩电脑。He decided not to give up smoking.他决定不戒烟。
decision是decide的名词形式，意为“决定，决心”。make a decision to do sth. “下决心做某事”。
His parents were surprised at his decision.他的父母对他的决定感到很吃惊。At last, we made a decision to buy a new car.最后我们决定买辆新车。
现在完成时的用法
一、现在完成时的延续性用法
现在完成时表示从过去就已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或 状态，且常和for与since连用。因为表示的是持续的动作或状 态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词，如：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have等。
He has had/kept the book for two months.他买这本书已经有 两个月了。
He has been here for 2 years.他待在这儿已经有两年了。
二、非延续性动词想要表达延续的意义时，我们可以用相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换部分短暂性动词或与之对应的延续性动词
短暂性动词 延续性动词/短语
die-be dead borrow-keep buy/catch-have get up-be up come-be in leave-be away
open-e open close-be closed begin-be on become interested in-be interested in
三、for与since 二者后接的词有所不同
(1) for后常跟一个时间段，如for two years。
Mary has learned Chinese for three years. 玛丽学习汉语已经有三年了。
(2) since后跟一个时间点，如since 1980;也可以接 “一段时间+ ago”，如 since three years ago, since two months ago; 还可接一般过去时的从句，如 since he came here。She has been heartbroken since her boyfriend left her. 自从她的男朋友离开她，她就心碎了。
四、对以上表示时间段的状语进行提问要用特殊疑问短语how long。
How long have you played soccer on the playground?你在操场上踢足球踢了多长时间了?
【即学即练】
1. (2013上海中考）一 have you been in the sports club?
—Since the first month I came to the school.
A. How old B. How long C. How much D. How soon
解析:本题考查特殊疑问词组的辨析。结合答语可知上句问的应是“你在运动俱乐部多长时间了？”故how long 符合题意。
2. (2013山东济南中考）一How long has Robert ?
—Since 2004.
A. been to Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school
解析:本题考查现在完成时的用法。本题是现在完成时， 而且和时间段搭配，四个选项中，只有D项属于延续性的动作，所以选D。
Module 5 Cartoon stories
Unit 1
1. 1) keep doing sth.: 一直做某事 The little baby keeps crying all night.
2) keep sb. / sth. + adj.: 使……处于某种状态 Keep your hands clean.
3) keep sb. doing sth.: 使某人一直做某事
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for 2 hours.
4) keep + adj.: 保持 keep healthy / clean
2. 否定转移：从句中的否定习惯上转移到主句上，类似的词有believe, guess, think等。
I don’t think he will come. I don’t believe he is right.
3. can’t help doing sth. = can’t stop doing sth: 情不自禁做某事
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news.
4. protect sb. / sth. from / against sth.: 保护某人/ 某物免受……的伤害。
Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun.
5. lesson: 课、教训 teach sb. a lesson:给某人一个教训
It’s a lesson to us all. 这对我们大家来说是个教训。
1.It’s time to watch a cartoon. 到了看动画片的时间了。
It’s time to do sth. 到了做某事的时间了。相当于 It’stime for sth. 。 注意 to 之后接动词原形,而 for 之后接名词或代词。
例如：It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper. 到了吃晚饭的时间了。
与 time 有关的短语: all the time 一直摇 by the time 到……时候为止 time and time again 反复④or the first time 第一次⑤from time to time 不时,偶尔⑥once upon a time 从前⑦have a good time 玩得高兴⑧ in time 及时⑨on time 准时
2.He’s stronger than Spiderman. 他比超人更强壮。
stronger than 比……更强壮 stronger 是形容词 strong 的比较级, than 是介词,其后跟的是比较的另一方。 此比较级句型为:比较的一方+褖+比较级+than+比较的另一方。
例如：Liu Ying is more outgoing than her sister. 刘颖比她的姐姐更外向。
3. He can fly through the sky and fight bad people. 他可以飞越天空,打坏人。
through 表示“贯通、直穿、透过、穿过” 的意思,即从一头(边)贯穿到另一头(边)。
例如：The river runs through our city. 这条河流经我们的城市。
across 表示从表面“横穿、横过、横渡、横跨冶,与“道路冶交叉形成“十字” 而 through 为在立体空间中“穿过”。例如：go through the forest 穿过森林
4. He keeps fighting bad people. 他不断与坏人斗争。
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事：keep 意为“坚持;继续冶,后接动词的--ing 形式。 keep doing sth.意为“一直/ 不断做某事;坚持做某事”,与 keep on doing sth. 同义。 另外,keep sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”。例如：If you keep (on) practicing your spoken English, you’ll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语,你很快就会取得很大的进步。
keep 的用法小结:
(1) keep sb. / sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人不要去做某事/ 阻止某事不要发生”,其中介词 from 不能省略。例如：The heavy rain didn’t keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。
(2)keep 可意为“保持冶,其后常接复合宾语,表示“使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续”。
例如：If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.如果你觉得手冷,就把它们放在口袋里。
These gloves will keep your hands warm.这种手套能让你的手暖和。
(3)keep 可用作系动词,其后跟形容词作表语。
例如：There are many people here. Please keep quiet. 这里有很多人。 请保持安静。
5. I can’t help laughing when I watch them! 当我看他们的时候我会忍不住大笑。
Can’t help doing sth. 是个固定短语,意为“禁不住做某事;忍不住做某事”
例如：He can’t help crying when he hears the bad news. 当他听到这个不好的消息时禁不住哭了。
与之类似结构的短语有:can’t help do sth. =can’t help todo sth. “不能帮忙做某事”,这实际上是动词 help 的用法。
例如：I am sorry that I can’t help (to) carry the heavy box. 对不起,我不能帮忙搬这个很重的箱子
6. Do cartoons always end in a happy way?卡通片常以快乐的方式结束吗？
in a … way 表示“以一种…的方式”。
【E.g】. He talked about it in a similar way. 他对此事有相似的说法。
7.He can fly through the sky and fight bad people. 他能在空中飞并且打败坏人。
fight v. (fought, fought) 与……战斗 n. 战斗；斗争
fight sb. “和某人打仗” fight for sth. “为…打仗”
e.g. Let’s fight poverty and disease together. 让我们一起克服贫困和疾病。
8. 时态区分： 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。
1. 经常性、习惯性的动作，所以用一般过去时。2. 在过去某个时间发生的行为，用一般过去时。
3. 动作也是在过去，但是没有明确的表示过去的时间，并且强调的是结果，即现在不想看了，所以用现在完成时。
Unit 2
1. win the heart of sb.: 赢得某人的喜欢
2. everywhere = here and there 到处、处处 Her books are everywhere.
anywhere: 任何地方 You can go anywhere interesting if you like.
4. be in a mess: 混乱 make a mess: 弄乱、搞糟 What a mess! 多么混乱啊！
5. experience: 经历（可数名词） 经验（不可数名词）
6. copy: 1) n. 一本、一册（可数名词） He is reading a copy of the daily newspaper.
2) v. 复制、抄袭 Don’t copy Tom’s homework.
Would you copy this letter for me ,please?
7. 表示某人多大岁生日时，用序数词；表示年龄时用基数词。
Today is Lingling’s tenth / 10th birthday. Lingling is ten years old.
8. own: 1) adj. 自己的 one’s own:某人自己的 This is my own bike.
2) v. 拥有 He owns three houses.
9. private adj. 私人的，个人的 private car:私家车 private house / letter
Personal adj. 个人的（个人的感情、情绪、情感） personal feeling：个人感觉
10. 1) satisfy: v. 使满意、满足 We always satisfy our customers with good service. 顾客
2) be satisfied with sth.: 对……感到满意
She is satisfied with her son’s answer.
11. 1) A as well as B: 不仅……而且，既……又，还，强调的是前者，翻译时先译后者，再译前者；谓语动词与as well as前的主语保持一致（就远原则）。
He speaks English as well as Chinese. 他不仅会说汉语还会说英语。
2) not only …but also…: 不仅……而且……，强调的是后者（就近原则）
Not only you but also your brother is very kind to me.
She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅演奏得好，还会作曲。
1. Nemo is a cute orange-and-white fish.
orange-and-white意为“橙白相间的”, 是复合形容词，中间用连字符连接，用来修饰后面的名词。复合形容词没有复数。 e.g. He is a ten-year-old boy now.
2.But both of them have won the hearts of young people all over the world.
win the heart of sb. /win sb’s heart 意为“赢得某人的喜欢”。
e.g. The play won the hearts of the audience.
3.He leads a group of monkeys against the Emperor of Heaven and his men.
lead v. (led, led) 领导; 率领 lead sb. against … 表示“带领某人反对…”。 e.g. Mr Clare led his workmates against the cruel boss.
4. Parents and children laugh together as the Monkey King makes a terrible mess in heaven.
as conj. 当……时 e.g. I lived with my grandmother as I was a little child.
5. They always expect to see more the Monkey King cartoons.
expect v. 期盼；等待 expect + n. / pron. 期待某人或某物”expect + to do sth. 期待去做某事
expect + sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 e.g. I’ll expect your idea. I expect to find you there.
Do you expect me to stay after the holiday?
6. Ever since the artist Herge invented him in 1929.
ever since表示“自从”，所引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
7. Fans have bought about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than fifty languages.
copy n. (一)本; (一)份 e.g. Have you got a copy of yesterday’s newspaper?
Module 6 Hobbies
Unit 1
1. a little + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 There is only a little meat in the fridge.
a bit of + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 I need a bit of water.
2. have a look:看一看，后跟宾语时，要加介词at. have a look at = look at
Have a look at the picture. = Look at the picture.
3. most of + 代词宾格 或 most of + 限定词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的数由most后面的代词或名词决定。
Most of my storybooks are very interesting.
Most of us like English. Most of her money was stolen. 她的大部分钱被偷了。
4. must:表示肯定的推测，“一定、肯定”。表示否定的推测时用can’t, “不可能”。
The restaurant must be very good. It’s always full of people.
That girl can’t be Lily. Lily is much taller.
5. as + 形容词/ 副词的原级 + as : 和……一样
His English is as good as mine. He drives as well as his father.
6. 用：1) with:用具体有形的东西（工具） I write a letter with a pen.
2) in:用语言、声音、原材料 Can you speak in a loud voice?
3) by:用/ 通过……用段或方式 The girl made money by selling flowers.
7. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置：I have something important to tell you.
Unit 2
1. 1) some……others……：一些……另一些……
Some students like watching TV and others like going online.
2) one ……the other……：一个……，另一个……（范围是两者）
There are only two students in the classroom. One is reading and the other is drawing.
I have two pens. One is red and the other is black.
2. make sb. do sth.: 使某人做某事 一感、二听、三让、四看
We made the little girl laugh at last.
3. develop: v. 培养、提高、发展、形成、长大
This lesson will help you develop your writing skills. 这节课有助于提高你的写作能力。
We should develop good living habits. 我们应该养成好的生活习惯。
4. during = in: 在……期间、在……时间内
I woke up three times during / in the night.
5. as well as:除了……外（还有），可用besides代替。
I have a few English books as well as / besides this .
I study Japanese as well as English. 除了英语外，我还学日语。
6. encourage sb. to do sth.: 鼓励某人做某事
My parents always encourage me to study hard.
7. come out: 出版、发行、（花儿）开放、出来
When will his new book come out?
Spring comes and the flowers start to come out.
The result will come out three days later.
8. as a result = so 结果、因此、
She didn’t study hard and as a result, she didn’t pass the exam.
Tom studied hard. As a result, he passed the exam.
9. 1) Pleasure: 愉悦、愉快 It’s my pleasure. = My pleasure. 不客气（回答感谢）。
2) with pleasure. 十分愿意（回答请求）
--- Will you please open the window?
--- With pleasure.
10. success n. 成就、成功 Failure is the mother success. 失败乃成功之母。
successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 succeed v. 成功
He finished the work successfully. He is a successful writer.
Don’t give up. You know hard work leads to success.
He succeeded in finishing the work at last. 他终于成功完成了那项工作。
Module 7 Summer in Los Angeles
Unit 1
1. 1) prepare for sth. = be / get ready for sth. 为某事做准备
They are preparing for a test. = They are getting ready for a test.
2) prepare to do sth. = be / get ready to do sth. 准备做某事
My mother is preparing to cook lunch.
2. make a list:列清单 Let’s make a shopping list.
3. 1) crazy adj. 发疯的、荒唐的 You are crazy to buy the watch at such a high price.
2) be crazy about:对……着迷 The boys are crazy about Jay Chou.
3) drive sb. crazy:使某人发疯 、疯狂迷恋
Things almost drive me crazy. 这些东西差点把我弄疯。
4. what to take = what I should take 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语 = 宾语从句
These dressed are very beautiful. I can’t decide which one to buy.
5. at the end of: 在……末端/ 尽头/ 后期 / 结束 （时间 / 地点）
There is a park at the end of the street.
My birthday is at the end of June.
6. 英语中成双成对的名词：shorts, trousers, glasses, /socks, shoes. 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由pair修饰作主语时，谓语动词单复数由pair决定。
My sunglasses are in the bag. Two pairs of shoes are enough.
How much is this pair of sunglasses?
7. light: 轻的 --- heavy: 重的 light:浅色的 ---- dark: 深色的
Light music can make people relaxed. 轻音乐能使人放松。
This sweater is light blue. 这件毛衣是浅蓝色的。
8. 表示时间、金钱、价格、长度、学科的名词以s结尾等词作主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长一段时间。
Maths is my favourite subject.
Ten kilometers is very far.
9. else: 作后置定语 疑问词 / 不定代词 + else
other: 作前置定语 other + 名词复数
What else can you see?
The other students are playing basketball now.
10. 1) weigh: v. 重、称……的重量 He weighs 50 kilos.
Please weigh the bananas.
2) n. weight 重量 put on weight: 长胖 lose weight: 减肥
11. total adj. 总的、全部的，只用作定语。近义词为whole
The total score is one hundred. In total: 总共、总计
12. 1) by the way: 顺便说/ 问一下，为插入语，用以引出题外的话语。
2) on one’s way to: 在某人去……的路上 I’m on my way to school.
3) in the way: 挡道 Don’t stand in the way. 不要挡路。
13. have a great / nice / good time = enjoy oneself = have great fun 玩得开心
I have a good time in China. = I enjoy myself in China.
14. write to sb. = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
I will write to you soon. = I will write a letter to you soon.
15. ---- Buy me some flowers for your mother on Mother’s Day.
---- Yes, I will. 祈使句表示的动作是尚末发生的动作，应答上句的祈使句，答语用助动词will 表示将来。
Unit 2
1. 1) offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物
He offered me a cup of tea. = He offered a cup of tea to me.
2) offer to do sth.：主动提出做某事 Tom offered to help me with my English.
2. at the same time: 同时 The little girl sings and dances at the same time.
3. last: v. 持续 last (for) + 一段时间，for可省略
The film lasted (for) three hours.
4. depend on: 依靠、依赖、取决于
Our success depends on hard work. 我们的成功取决于艰苦的工作。
You can’t always depend on your parents.
Whether I’ll go to Shanghai depends on the result of the exam.
5. provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物/ 为某人提供某物
The school has provided students with free books.
= The school has provided free books for students.
6. progress: 进步（不可数名词），其前可用much, great, some, good等词修饰。
make much / great progress in sth.: 在某方面取得很大的进步
I have made great progress in English.
7. experience v. 经历、体验 experience life in :在……体验生活
I want to experience life in the countryside.
8. form / make a friendship / friendships with sb.: 与某人建立友谊
The teacher makes close friendships with his students.
9. stay in touch with sb. = keep in touch with sb.：与某人保持联系
We’ll stay in touch with each other after graduation. 毕业
10. if: if引导的条件状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句、含有情态动词时，从句要用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。
I will visit my friend if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
Don’t get off the bus if it doesn’t stop.
You can have another apple if you are very hungry.
11. prefer = like … better
1) prefer A to B: 比起B来更喜欢A I prefer English to Chinese.
2) prefer to do sth.: 宁愿做某事 I prefer to stay at home today.
3) prefer doing sth. to doing sth.: 喜欢做某事胜过某事
I prefer swimming to playing basketball. 我喜欢游泳胜过打篮球。
12. at least:至少 at most:至多
The hall can hold at least 2,000 people. 这个大厅至少能容纳两千人。
You should at least be polite. 你至少应该有礼貌。
13. 1) fill in / out a form: 填表
2) fill … with…:用……把……装满 （表动作）
He filled the bags with books.
3) be filled with = be full of : 充满、装满（表状态）
The glass is filled with water. = The glass is full of water.
Module 8 Time off
Unit 1
1. 1) v. 欢迎 welcome to sp.: Welcome to Beijing. Welcome here.
2) n. 欢迎 give a warm welcome: 热烈欢迎某人 They gave us a warm welcome.
3) adj. 受欢迎的、不必感谢的 He is a welcome teacher.
--- Thank you. ---- You’re welcome. 不用谢。
2. 1) so … that …：如此……以致……，引导结果状语从句。可与too…to…和形/副词 + enough to相互转化。
2) so that:以便、为了、目的是，引导目的状语从句。可与in order that/ in to + v.相互转化。
He works hard so that he can make a lot of money. 他努力工作为了挣许多钱。
= He works hard in order to make a lot of money.
3. hear sb. do sth. 听到某了做了某事 I often hear her play the piano.
hear sb. doing sth.: 听到某人正在做某事 I heard them singing in the room just now.
4. 1) hardly = almost not 几乎不，位于be动词/助动词/ 情态动词后，行为动词前。
I can hardly finish the work. She hardly ate anything last night.
2) hard adv. 努力地 He works hard every day.
hard adj. 艰艰苦的、硬的 He lives a hard life.
5. be famous for: 因……而闻名 Yantai is famous for its apples.
be famous as: 以/ 作为……而出名 He is famous as an actor.
6. take up: 占据（时间/空间）
Which hobby do you think takes up the least time?你认为哪种业务爱好占的时间最少？
The big box takes up too much room. 这个大盒子占了太多的空间。
7. point out: 指出 Please point out the mistakes.
point to: 指着（远距离） He pointed to the hill.
point at: 指着（近距离） Don’t point at people with a finger.
8. sight n. 名胜、风景 （人文景观或历史遗址为主的景观） see the sights:游览名胜
Do you know the sights of Beijing?
9.1) allow sb. to do sth.:允许某人做某事 My parents allow me to watch TV at weekends.
2) allow doing sth.:允许做某事 Our teachers allow playing here.
3) sb. be allowed to do sth.:某人被允许做某事
Students are not allowed to smoke at school. 学生不允许在学校吸烟。
10. 1) waste v. 浪费 We shouldn’t waste water.
2) waste time / money (in) doing sth.: 浪费时间/金钱做某事
Waste time / money on sth.: 在某事/某物上浪费时间/金钱
Don’t waste your time (in) playing computer games.
Too many students waste time on TV.
3) n. 废物、垃圾 Don’t throw away waste everywhere.
Unit 2
1. 1) promise to do sth.: 许诺/答应做某事 My father promised to buy a bike for me.
2) promise sb. sth.: 许诺某人某物 My mother promised me a new watch.
3) promise that 从句：答应、保证
My parents promised that they would buy me a computer.
4) make a promise:许下诺言 keep a promise:遵守诺言 break a promise:不守信
2. while conj. 而、然而，表示对比 I like music while he likes sports.
He is tall while his brother is short.
3. wake sb. up: 把某人叫醒 Mum, wake me up at seven o’clock.
4. move about: 四处走动、到处旅行 move away:离开、搬开 move in: 迁入
Sit down, Tom. Don’t move about. move on:继续向前移动
5. 现在分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“主动”关系；
过去分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“被动”关系。
Do you know the boy standing under the tree. （主动）
I like the books written by Lu Xun. （被动）
6. above: 在……之上、在……斜上方，既不接触又不垂直，仅是高于某物。
over: 在……之上，盖在……上面，一般指垂直，且不接触。
There is a bridge over the river.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
7. pull:拉 --- push:推 Pull the door open. 把门拉开。 Pull down:拉倒、拆毁
8. I’m / was sorry…：当听说别人糟遇不幸时，用此句表示对别人同情。
I was sorry to hear that he had a bad cold last week.
9. I wish you were here! 虚拟语气
Wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的假设，be 动词都用were.
I wish I were as strong as you. I wish I were with you now.
语法：
1. 常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词是：believe, expect, promise, think, tell, hope, wish, remember, forget等。
I hope (that) everyone will have a happy family.
2. 主句的谓语是由“be + 形容词（afraid / glad / sure / sorry）”等构成的系表结构时，后面常接that 引导的宾语从句。
I’m sure (that) she’ll write to me soon.
I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now.
3. 宾语从句的时态：
1) 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember that he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he will visit Guilin tomorrow.
2) 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
3) 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时。
He told me that the earth is round.
Module 9 Friendship
Unit 1
1. 打电话用语：1) 您是哪位？ Who is that? / Who is (that) calling, please? 2) 我是……。This is sb. / This is sb. speaking. 3) 请别挂断电话：Hold on, please. / Hold the line , please. 4) 电话线繁忙/不通/占线：The line is busy / bad.
2. have a problem with sb. / sth.: 与某人之间有问题/矛盾、在……方面有问题/困难
Tom said that he had a problem with his father. Do you have a problem with your English study?
3. 1) seperate … from…：把……和……分开（把混合在一起的东西分开）
Bob will seperate the bad apples from the good ones.
2) get seperated:分开，是终止性动词短语，不能与时间段连用。
be separated:分开，是延续性动词短语，可与时间段连用。
We got separated one week ago. = We have been separated for one week.
4. 1) explain sth. to sb.: 向某人解释某事 不能使用explain sb. sth.的结构。
The teacher explained the maths problem to his studens.
2) explain that(宾语从句): Peter explained that he would get there on time.
3) explain + 疑问词 + to do sth.: Father explained that he would go there on time.
5. 1) mention sth. to sb.: 向某人提及某事 不能使用mention sb. sth.的结构。
Don’t mention this problem to her this evening.
2) mention + that(宾语从句): Tom mentions that he often sees Peter in the library.
3) Don’t mention it. = You’re welcome. = Not at all. 别客气、不用谢。
6. refuse to do sth.:拒绝做某事 The students refuse to try the healthy food.
Refuse sb. sth.: 拒绝某人某事 The bank refused him the loan. 贷款
7. treat …as = see… as = regard …as 把……看作
Don’t treat me as a child. We treat him as our leader.
8. 1) be / feel sure of oneself: 自信、满怀信心 He is not sure of himself these days.
2) be / feel sure of sth.: 确定某事、对某事有把握 I am / feel sure of his success.
3) be sure to do sth.: 一定 They are sure to succeed.
9. regret: v. 遗憾、懊悔，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词作宾语。
I didn’t regret the choice (that I made).
1) regret to do sth.:很抱歉/遗憾地做某事（事情还没有做）
I regret to tell you that you can’t pass the exam.
2) regret doing sth: 后悔/遗憾做了某事
Kate regretted selling her old house.
10.1) be patient with sb.:对某人有耐心 Teachers should be patient with their students.
2) be patient of sth.: 对某事有耐心 Tom is patient of the trouble.
11. make friends with sb.: 与某人交朋友
He likes making friends with others.
12.1) introduce sb./ sth. to sb.: 把某人/某物介绍给某人，没有introduce sb. sth.结构
I introduced my sister to Lily.
2) introduce oneself:自我介绍 Can you introduce yourself?
13. No problem. 不用谢。/没关系。/没问题。
1) --- Thank you very much. 2) --- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
--- No problem. --- No problem.
Unit 2
1. every time = each time 每次，引导一个时间状语从句。
Every / Each time I borrow money from him, he says he is poor.
2. talk to sb. about sth.: 与某人谈论有关某事
Let’s talk to him about the picnic.
3. worry about sb. / sth. = be worried about sb. / sth. 担心某人/某事
4. in silence:安静地 He looked at the pictures on the wall in silence.
silent: adj. 沉默的、无声的 、寂静的 He is a silent boy.
keep silent: 保持安静 keep silence: 保持沉默
5. touch n. 接触、碰到 I felt a touch on my back.
v. 触摸、碰 Don’t touch the machine. It’s dangerous.
6. bright adj. 明亮的、欢快的、聪明的
The light goes through the window and makes the room bright.
The boy is so bright that he can answer many hard questions.
7. treasure: n. 意为“珍宝“时为可数名词，意为”财富“时为不可数名词。
These are the nation’s art treasures.
treasure: v. 珍惜 I treasure your friendship.
8. change one’s life: 改变某人的生活 change one’s mind:改变某人的主意
Change… into …: 把……变成…… change A for B：用A换B
The fridge can change water into ice.
9. trust sb. = believe in sb. 信任某人 believe sb.:相信某人的话
We have always trusted him. No one trusts him except himself.
10. include v. 包括 The price includes the house and the furniture. 家俱
Including prep. Ten members attended the meeting, including myself.
11. stick together: 粘在一起、团结一致
We can stick the broken pieces together with glue. 我们可以用胶水把碎片粘在一起。
Whatever happens, we must stick together.
12. advise sb. to do sth. suggest doing sth:
advise doing sth. suggest that 从句
advide that / wh-从句 n. suggestion 可数名词
She suggested having a picnic at the weekend.
Do you have any suggestions about keeping fit?
语法：
1. if和whether都有是否之意，有时可互换，不能省略。但需要注意下面的情况。
1) 在介词后、不定式之前、以及有or not时，只能用whether.
That all depends on whether it will rain tomorrow.
I don’t know whether to help him tomorrow.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam or not.
2.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，不能省略。
Do you know when the train will arrive?
No one knows why Amy is not happy today.
I want to know what is wrong with Tom
He didn’t know what happened to Tom
在宾语从句中，疑问词what作主语时，宾语从句不用倒装。
Module 10 On the radio
Unit 1
1. Thank you for sth. / doing sth. 因……（做）某事感谢你
Thank you for your help. Thank you for inviting my mother.
2. take / show sb. around sp.= take sb. to visit sp. 带某人参观某地
Can you take / show us around your factory? = Can you take us to visit your factory.
3. be on: 开着的、这着的，表状态。
I sleep with my bedroom light on.
4. on air: 正在广播、播出（广播、电视等） be on:开始、进行
We’ll be on air in ten minutes.
The programme has been on for about ten minutes.
5. 1) avoid sb. / sth.: 躲避某人/某物 Everyone seemed to be avoiding him.
2) avoid doing sth.:避免做某事 You should avoid making the same mistake again.
I tried to avoid answering his question.
6. get crazy :变得热闹/疯狂 The audience got crazy at the sight of Liu Qian. 看到
be crazy about:对……迷恋/热衷 I’m crazy about playing computer games.
7. 表语从句是指放在be, remain, stay 等系动词后面充不表语的从句。
It is (where I lived in the past).
My question is (how he is able to finish the job in such a short time).
8. do an interview with sb. = interview sb. 采访某人
n. v.
I will do an interview with the film star. = I will interview the film star.
9. keep + adj.:保持某种状态 keep quiet
You should do some exercise to keep healthy.
10. 1) against: prep. 与……对抗、以……为竞争对手，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
Which team is Beijing basketball team against?
2) against: prep. 反对 My father is against my plan.
I’m against building a new zoo.
Unit 2
1. look down at sth.:低头看/俯视某物 look up at sth.:抬头看/仰视某物
Look down on / upon sb.:看不起某人 Don’t look down on the poor.
I looked down at the whole city from the top of the building.
2. 否定疑问句表示惊奇、感叹、责备。
Don’t you agree? Isn’t this book very interesting? Can’t you see the sign?
3. 现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语，表示伴随的动作。即与谓语动词所表示的动作同叶发生的一个次要动作。
He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.
Lily went out , laughing loudly.
Every evening the Greens sit on the sofa, watching TV.
4. 1) It seems that + 从句：似乎、好象 It seems that she is unhappy.
2) seem to do sth.: I seem to have left my book at home.
3) seem + adj.: 看起来 Everything seems impossible.
5. not…but…：不是……而是…… She wants to buy not a book, but a map.
not just … but…: 不仅……还…… not only …but also…不仅…而且
Many people like the girl not just because she is beautiful, but she is very kind.
She can speak not only English but also Japanese.
6. in person:亲自、当面，在句在作状语。
You can ask my mother in person. She will come in person.
7. at the age of + 年龄的数词 = When sb. be +年龄的数词 years old
At the age of seven, she went to school.
= When she was seven years old, she went to school.
8. 1) as conj. 当……时候、随着，引导时间状语从句。
As he grew up, he became active.
He saw her as she was getting off the bus.
2) as conj. 因为，引导原因状语从句。
You must hurry up as there is little time left.
3) as prep. 作为 As a student, you must study hard.
9. do research on: 做关于年龄的数词有关……的研究、从事……的研究
The doctors are doing research on lung cancer. 肺癌
10. 1) look out of :从……往外看 Don’t look out of the window.
2) look out = be careful 留神、注意、小心
You must look out / be careful when you walk across the street.
11. have +食品 for breakfast / lunch / supper : 早/午/晚餐吃……
I have chicken and bread for lunch.
12. the purpose of: ……的目的/意图
This is the main purpose of my coming here.
What’s the purpose of your visit? 你来访的意图是什么？
on purpose: 故意地 for the purpose of: 为了……的目的
The naughty boy turned off the lights on purpose.
He went to Beijing for the purpose of finding a better job.
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