Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contract. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1. A) Go to a place he has visited. C) Consult a travel agent.
B) Make her own arrangements. D) Join in a package tour.
2. A) They are on a long trip by car. C) They are used to getting up early.
B) They are stuck in a traffic jam. D) They are tired of eating out at night.
3. A) He is a person difficult to deal with. C) He is unwilling to speak in public.
B) He dislikes any formal gathering. D) He often keeps a distance from others.
4. A) Work in another department. C) Recruit graduate students.
B) Pursue further education. D) Take an administrative job.
5. A) He would not be available to start the job in time.
B) He is not quite qualified for the art director position.
C) He would like to leave some more time for himself.
D) He will get his application letter ready before May 1.
6. A) Cleaner. B) Mechanic. C) Porter. D) Salesman.
7. A) Request one or two roommates to do the cleaning.
B) Help Laura with her term paper due this weekend.
C) Get Laura to clean the department herself this time.
D) Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.
8. A) A problem caused by the construction. C) The building project they are working on.
B) An accident that occurred on the bridge. D) The public transportation conditions.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) To look a job as a salesperson. C) To place an order for some products.
B) To have a talk with Miss Thompson. D) To complain about a faulty appliance.
10. A) The person in charge is not in the office. C) They failed to reach an agreement on the price.
B) The supplies are out of stock for the moment. D) The company is re-cataloguing the items.
11. A) 0743, 12536 extension 15. C) 0734, 38750 extension 15.
B) 0734, 21653 extension 51. D) 0743, 62135 extension 51.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Since he found a girlfriend. C) Since he began to exercise regularly.
B) Since he took to heavy smoking. D) Since he started to live on his own.
13. A) He is getting to fat. C) He doesn’t eat vegetables.
B) He smokes too much. D) He doesn’t look well at all.
14. A) They are overweight for their age. C) They are still in their early twenties.
B) They are respectful to their parents. D) They dislike doing physical exercise.
15. A) To quit smoking. C) To find a girlfriend.
B) To reduce his weight. D) To follow her advice.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They have destroyed several small towns. C) They have injured many residents.
B) They will soon spread to San Francisco. D) They are burning out of control.
17. A) They have been hospitalized. C) They were choked by the thick smoke.
B) They have got skin problems. D) They were poisoned by the burning chemicals.
18. A) It failed because of a sudden rocket explosion.
B) It has been re-scheduled for a midday takeoff.
C) It has been canceled due to technical problems.
D) It was delayed for eleven hours and thirty minutes.
19. A) They made frequent long-distance calls to each other.
B) They illegally used government computers in New Jersey.
C) They were found to be smarter than computer specialists.
D) They were arrested for stealing government information.
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. A) Peaceful. B) Considerate. C) Generous. D) Cooperative.
21. A) Someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer.
B) Someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading them.
C) Mindy Lance’s laundry blocked the way to the laundry room.
D) Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbors.
22. A) Asking the neighborhood committee for help.
B) Limiting the amount of laundry for each wash.
C) Informing the building manager of the matter.
D) Installing a few more washers and dryers.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) She is both a popular and a highly respected author.
B) She is the most loved African novelist all times.
C) She is the most influential author since the 1930’s.
D) She is the first writer to focus on the fate of the slaves.
24. A) The Book Critics Circle Award. C) The Pulitzer Prize for fiction.
B) The Nobel Prize for literature. D) The National Book Award.
25. A) She is a relative of Morrison’s. C) She is a skilled storyteller.
B) She is a slave from Africa. D) She is a black woman.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $5,000 or more. (26) ________, it is not uncommon for them to purchase (27) ________ costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were (28) ________, but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any, (29) ________ purchased computers for home use. Over the years, the price of the “guts” of a computer — its memory — has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. Moreover, (30) ________ improvements have made it possible to (31) ________ memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use. (32) ________, as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.
(33) ________, improved agricultural technology, hybrid (杂交) seed, (34) ________ animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expense on food. Even though the (35) ________ of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank
from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may
not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science — starting with Ernest Lawrence’s invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器) in 1931. A generation ago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of them white males.
But clime up to the third floor and you’ll see a 40 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they’re still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country’s top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44 . “I believe things are getting better,” she says, “but they’re not getting better as 45 as I would like.”
A) circumstance I) honoring
B) confidence J) hope
C) covers K) presently
D) current L) rare
E) deals M) realistic
F) different N) site
G) exposing O) virtually
| H) fast |
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Is College a Worthy Investment?
A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it’s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的): is all this investment in college education really worth it?
B) The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.
C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they’re not the only ones… and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.
D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?
E) Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, “I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.” Aid has increased, subsidized (补贴的) loans have become available, and “the universities have gotten the money.” Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees: “It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”
F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an “investment in yourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won’t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad’s. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.
G) It’s true about the money — sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But that’s not true of every student. It’s very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than your were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.
H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated,” he says. On the other hand, “if you’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it’s not with it.” Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition (学费) rise can push those returns into negative territory.
I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education— and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. “Employers seeing a surplus of college gradates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement,” says Vedder. “In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender.”
J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn’t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. “You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,” says Heckman. “You may think that’s a good thing, or you may not.” Either way it will be expensive for the government.
K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills — probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: “People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that.”
L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style (学徒式) programs, where kids can learn in the workplace — learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of “soft skills,” like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. “It’s about having mentors (指导者) and having workplace-based education,” he says. “Time and again I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.”
M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. “ Historically markets have been to handle these things,” says Vedder, “and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn’t improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘why am I going to college?’”
46. Caplan suggests that kids who don’t love school go to work.
47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.
48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.
49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.
50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it.
51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.
52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans.
53. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.
54. More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills.
55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found about 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among U.S. participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. “Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they’re passionate (有激情的) about,” says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. “Given the choice, they prefer to continue working.” Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who’s going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. “People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,” he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
“We’re beginning to see a change in how people view retirement,” says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside. What Leeson terms “the Warren Buffett effect” is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to “view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution.”
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的) chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance — an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
56. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertirees”?
A) They are passionate about making a fortune.
B) They have no choice but to continue working.
C) They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D) They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
57. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?
A) Neither of them is subject to forced retirement.
B) Neither of them desires reward for their work.
C) Both cling to their positions despite opposition.
D) Both are capable of coping with heavy workloads.
58. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research?
A) The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be.
B) The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be.
C) Elderly people have to slow down to live longer.
D) Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life.
59. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?
A) It means a burden to the younger generation.
B) It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society.
C) It is a compensation for one’s life-long hard work.
D) It helps increase a nation’s economic productivity.
60. What do critics say about “nevertirees”?
A) They are an obstacle to a company’s development.
B) They lack the creativity of the younger generation.
C) They cannot work as efficiently as they used to.
D) They prevent young people from getting ahead.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt — and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.
More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it’s a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.
Although many young people blame “socializing” as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t knocking back $20 drinks in trendy (时尚的) lounges. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.
To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t sustainable in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条) they bought a decade earlier.
A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they’re slower at paying it off. “If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,” warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. “If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards.”
Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. “Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.”
61. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A) Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.
B) Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.
C) Credit cards are doing more harm than students loans.
D) The American credit card system is under criticism.
62. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?
A) They tend to forget about the deadlines.
B) They haven’t developed a credit history.
C) They are often unable to pay back in time.
D) They are inexperienced in managing money.
63. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?
A) It will place an unnecessary burden on society.
B) It will give them no motivation to work hard.
C) It will exert psychological pressure on them.
D) It will affect their future spending power.
. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?
A) They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate.
B) They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.
C) Their quality of life will be affected.
D) Their credit cards may be cancelled.
65. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?
A) They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.
B) They lose large numbers of their regular clients.
C) Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.
D) Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
“要茶还是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本， 但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一。茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
答案解析
Part I Writing
【作文审题】 这是一篇图画类命题作文。 首先，抓住图画下方文字的主题词 computer 和 seeing you again，其中 computer 对应题目要求中的 Internet ， seeing you again 是题目中的
communication 和 face-to-face contact 的同义转述，避免跑题。接着，借助图画内容（父母正 在给楼上的儿子写电子邮件）和图画下边的邮件内容，图画与文字相结合，可提炼出主题： 网络对人们的日常交流产生的影响。 然后， 弄清文章题目与图画的关系： 主题与描述之间的 关系。最后，确定行文思路：描述图画 +提出观点 +分析原因 +总结全文；总结时，注意要观 点明确，贴合所给主题，切勿模棱两可。
写作思路 : 第一段：以“总——分——总”的形式描述图画内容，指出图画寓意。 第二段：指出网络交流不能取代面对面的交流，并分析其原因。 第三段：总结全文，重申自己的观点，呼应主题。
【精彩范文】
The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate
[1] The ironic picture is about a father and a mother [2] writing a letter to their son who is upstairs. The father and mother greet the son, Andy, and tell him they are fine and miss him and look forward to seeing him again when his computer crashes and he comes downstairs to eat. [3] The child is overusing the Internet. [4] From the ironic picture we can see the impact of Internet on the way people communicate.
Can electronic communication replace face-to-face contact? [5] The answer is “No” . [6] For
one thing, electronic communication makes people feel strange although it does help people communicate, especially for those who are far away or inconvenient to talk, [7] where as face-to-face contact makes people feel psychologically [8] intimate and affectionate. [6] For another, people cannot express themselves fully through the Internet. Thus, misunderstandings may be aroused.
[9] In my opinion, I do not object to electronic communication, but it cannot replace
face-to-face communication.
【名师点评】
[1] 总述图画内容
[2] 现在分词短语作后置定语，表达更简洁
[3] 指出现象：过度使用网络
[4] 点明寓意：网络对人们的日常交流方式产生了影响
[5] 用设问句提出观点：电子通讯不能取代面对面的交流
[6] 阐述两点原因：一方面，电子通讯疏远人们的关系；另一方面，电子通讯使表达不充分， 容易造成误解。
[7] “反之”，对比说明面对面交流的好处
[8] 采用尾韵，表达更有力
[9] 总结自己的观点，呼应主题
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.W: I?d like to take a trip to Florida for my spring break. Can you give me any idea where to go?
M: I could tell you about the places I?ve visited, but I think you?d better look up a travel agency to help with the ar-rangements.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
C)。选项均以动词原形开头，其中的 place， visited ，arrangements， Consult a travel agent 和 a package tour 表明，对话可能与旅行安排方面的建议有关。选项 B) 提示对话是给女士提建 议，故男士的话为听音重点。
2.M: I?m really tired of driving at night even though the traffic seems fine.
W: I see. Let?s stop for some food and then find a motel nearby so we can start early tomorrow. Q: What do we learn about the speakers?
A) 。选项均为以 They 开头的句子， 其中的 are on a long trip by car ，stuck in a traffic jam ，getting
up early 和 eating out at night 表明，对话可能与开车旅行或食宿有关。
3.M: Jeff?s got a lot of good ideas. Do you think he?s willing to come to the meeting?
W: Oh, I think he?d be glad to come, but what?s difficult is getting the guy to speak before a large crowd.
Q: What does the woman imply about Jeff?
C)。选项中的 He，a person difficult to deal with ，dislikes any formal gathering ，unwilling to speak in public 和 keeps a distance from others 表明，对话与某位男士的为人或行为特点有关。
4.W: I hear you are leaving the company and going back to school this year. M: Yes. I?m enrolled in a graduate programme in public administration.
Q: What is the man going to do?
B)。选项中的 work in another department ，further education ，recruit graduate students 和 take an administrative job 表明，对话可能与某人的工作变动情况有关。
5.W: Have you applied for the art director position?
M: No. I?d like to, but the job starts on May 1, and I won?t be available until June. Q: What does the man mean?
A) 。选项中的 He， not be available to start the job in time ， not quite qualified ，the art director
position 和 application letter 表明，对话可能涉及某位男士没能成功申请艺术总监一职的原因。
6.W: Will my car be ready by the end of the day?
M: It shoul d be. I?ll call if there?re any problems. We are open until six. Q: What is probably the man?s job?
B)。选项均为表示职业的名词， 这表明本题针对人物的职业提问， 听音时应留意与选项中提 到的职业相关的信息。
7.W: I have a big paper due Monday, but I promised Laura we?d clean the apartment this weekend. What am I going to do?
M: Why don?t you just see if Laura can wait for a week or two?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
D)。选项中的 Request，roommates to do the cleaning ，Help Laura 和 Get Laura to clean 以及时 间状语 this weekend ， this time 和 until another week 表明，对话可能涉及让劳拉或其室友打 扫公寓的时间。
8.W: Construction on the bridge has really slowed the traffic.
M: I know. Since they started working, the time it takes me to get to work has doubled. Q: What are the speakers talking about?
A) 。选项均为名词词组且概括性强， 这表明本题可能考查话题。 construction 和 building project
表明，该话题可能与施工情况有关。
—— Conversation One ——
【整体预测】本组对话第 9、10 题选项中的 a salesperson， place an order for some products ， supplies are out of stock 和 re-cataloguing the items 以及第 11 题选项均为电话号码表明，对话 可能与给销售人员打电话订购商品有关。
W: Sales Department. Can I help you?
M: Oh, yes, I hope so. My name?s Kings Br é of GPF Limited. [9] We need some supplies for our design office.
W: I see. What sort of things are you looking for, Mr Kings Br ? é
M: Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.
W: Well, in the standard range, we have the D044 and the D045 models. M: Oh, what?s the difference between them?
W: Well, the D045 has its own mending system and it does cost slightly more as a result. M: So what?s the total price?
W: For the D045 it ?s ￡ 387.50.
M: And, does that include the value added tax? W: Oh, yes!
M: Can you tell me how long it takes to deliver?
W: I can?t give a definite date now, I?m afraid, because it depends on the other orders we have to get out. But it would certainly be within 3 weeks.
M: OK, now [10] we also want some drawing pens, ink and correction fluid, and some drawing paper.
W: [10] Ah, now the lady who deals with drawing office supplies isn?t here this morning, I?m
afraid. But I could ask her to give you a ring this afternoon if you like. M: Oh, yes, thank you.
W: [11] What?s your telephone number?
M: It?s reading... [11] That is code 0734, 21653 extension 51.
W: OK, I?ll get Miss Thompson to ring you this afternoon. Now would you like me to place an order for one D045 drawing board?
M: Yes, please. You?ve been most helpful. Goodbye.
W: Goodbye!
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.What is the man?s purpose in making the telephone call?
C)。选项均以 “ to + 动词原形” 开头表明， 本题可能考查行为的原因或目的。 由 have a talk， place an order 和 complain 推测，本题可能考查某人给某公司的客服打电话的原因或目的。
10.Why can?t the man order the other drawing office supplies right now?
A) 。选项中的 The supplies are out of stock for the moment 和 failed to reach an agreement on the price 表明，本题可能考查现在
买不到某种产品的原因。
11.What is the man?s telephone number? B)。选项均为电话号码表明，本题考查电话号码，听录音时应留意关于电话号码的信息。
—— Conversation Two ——
【整体预测】 本组对话四道题选项中的 found a girlfriend ，heavy smoking ，exercise regularly ，
getting too fat ，smokes too much，overweight ，in their early twenties ，quit smoking ，reduce his
weight 和 find a girlfriend 表明，对话可能与年轻人的问题有关，可能涉及到找女朋友、吸烟 和戒烟、身体发胖及通过锻炼减肥等。
W: I?m so worried about Mark these days. [12] Ever since he moved into his own apartment, he?s been losing weight. He really doesn’t look well at all.
M: He should try to gain some weight. He is probably not eating enough.
W: Well, anyway, how is Tim these days?
M: Tim? Oh, [13] Tim has me worried, too. He is really getting much too fat. He needs to lose about 75 pounds now.
W: That?s a lot of weight to lose. What does Tim eat?
M: I really don?t know. But I?m sure he is eating too much cake and candy.
W: Well, did I tell you Mark doesn’t eat any meat now? He only eats vegetables and fruit. M: That?s probably why he is so thin. Does he smoke?
W: Does he smoke? About two packs of cigarettes a day! That?s my son, a smoking vegetarian. M: Hmm, if he stopped smoking, he would gain weight. I know he would. Tim put on a lot of weight when he stopped smoking.
W: Does Tim play any sports?
M: Play sports? Oh, my! [14] I keep telling him, Tim, dear, you really need to get some exercise. And do you know what he does? He just gets angry.
W: I know. [14] Mark doesn?t exercise either.
M: Did you tell him
W: Of course, but you know what it is like being a mother of a 30-year- old boy. They just don?t think they need your advice anymore. [15] I wish Mark would find a nice girlfriend to relax and
have fun with. I heard Tim has a girlfriend at last. That?s wonderful.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.When did Mark start losing weight according to the woman?
D)。选项均以 Since he 开头， 这表明本题考查某位男士开始做某事的时间。 选项中的 took to heavy smoking 和 exercise regularly 表明，本题可能与该男士的体重下降有关。
13.Why is the man worried about Tim?
A)。选项均为描述 He 的句子， too fat ，smokes too much 和 doesn?t eat vegetables 表明，本题 可能与某位男士不好的生活习惯有关。
14.What do Mark and Tim have in common?
D)。选项均为描述 They 的句子， overweight for their age ，still in their early twenties 和 dislike
表明，本题可能与某些人的年龄或喜好有关。
15.What is the woman?s wish for Mark?
C)。选项均以“ to + 动词原形”开头，其中的 quit smoking ，reduce his weight 和 follow her advice
表明，本题可能考查某人为了健康听从某位女士的建议而采取的行动有关。
Section B
—— Passage One ——
【整体预测】本篇短文四道题选项中的信息比较分散，这表明本短文可能是一篇新闻报道。 从选项中的 destroyed several small towns ，burning out of control ， choked by the thick smoke ，
a sudden rocket explosion ， a midday takeoff ， illegally used government computers 和 stealing government information 可知， 报道的内容可能包括火灾、 火箭的发射和利用电脑窃取机 密等。
Good afternoon. This is Diane Martinet with the midday news on KALF.
[16] Fires in California continue to burn out of control, and several small towns in the forests near San Francisco are still in danger. One of the greatest dangers to the 500 firefighters, however,
comes not from the fires but from poisonous plants in the forest. [17] Many firefighters have gotten skin problems after touching the plants and at least three have had to go to the hospital for a treatment for their skin problems.
NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Agency, today announced in Florida that [18] the next space shuttle mission has been canceled. The mission was scheduled for an 11:30 A.M. takeoff on Tuesday. However, [18] the flight has been canceled because of problems with the spaceship?scentral computer system. NASA technicians noticed the computer problems during last-minute checks.
[19] Seven teenager computer specialists have been arrested by police in New Jersey. After taking an advanced computer course at school, [19] the seven boys, all from Princeton, New Jersey, illegally obtained top-secret information from government computers in Washington. They also started to use their home computers to access telephone networks.
In New York, the value of the dollar stayed the same today. But in Tokyo, the dollar fell
dramatically. At the end of the day, it was worth 83 yen, compared to 88 yen yesterday.
And now, here?s Joe Santos with the sports news.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.What does the midday news on KALF say about fires in California?
D)。选项均为描述 They 的句子，其中的 destroyed several small towns， injured many residents 和 burning out of control 表明， They 指的是大火，本题可能考查某地大火的火势。
17.What do we learn about many of the firefighters?
B) 。选项均为描述 They 的句子， 其中的 have been hospitalized，got skin problems ，choked by the thick smoke 和 poisoned by the burning chemicals 表明， They 可能是指消防员或火灾受 害者，本题可能考查他们在灭火过程中或在大火中受到的伤害。
18.What do we learn about the space shuttle mission?
C)。选项均为描述 It 的句子，选项 A) It failed because of a sudden rocket explosion 和选项
B)It has been re-scheduled for a midday takeoff 表明， it 极可能指的是航天飞行任务或宇宙飞 船的发射任务， 听音时留意文中讲的是发射失败 （failed ）、改期（ re-scheduled）、取消（ canceled） 还是推迟（ delayed）。
19.What do we learn about the seven boys in New Jersey?
D)。选项均为描述 They 的句子， 其中的 illegally used government computers ，smarter than computer specialists 和 arrested for stealing government information 表明， They 可能指电脑高 手，本题可能与这些电脑高手利用电脑犯罪而被捕有关。
—— Passage Two——
【整体预测】 本篇短文三道题选项中出现的 the washer and dryer 和 laundry 以及 neighbors
（neighborhood ）表明，本短文与邻里之间洗衣服有关，可能涉及洗衣带来的问题和解决办 法。
[20] When you live in an apartment building where only a wall separates you from your
neighbors, everyone needs to be considerate to each other. That?s not what happened in my apartment building.
Someone was always leaving her clothes in the washers and dryers in the laundry room. I got tired of running up and down the stairs to see if the clothes have been removed so I could start my own wash. Obviously someone else got tired with it too because one day [21] someone took clothes from the washer and dryer and dumped them in the corner.
[21] This act started a battle of letters posted on the wall of the laundry room. The first letter was from Mindy Lance, who was really angry that her clothes had been removed from the washer
and dryer and dumped. She then threatened to dump any- body else?s clothes she herself found in
the washer and dryer.
Mindy Lance?s letter enraged other residents and they posted letters to her. Eventually, Mindy began behaving properly but hard feelings remained.
[22] The problem could have been resolved better. If residents had informed the building manager, she then could have in-formed all residents that clothes should be removed from the washers and dryers within 15 minutes after their washes were done. Those who refuse to obey might not have their leases renewed. That would be a fair common-sense solution. Neighbor problems may sometimes seem inevitable, but it?s important to resolve them fairly.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20.What does the speaker think residents in an apartment building need to be?
B) 。选项均为表示心态的形容词，这表明本题可能考查某人的心态，听音时留意文中描 述心态的词语。
21.What started a battle of letters in the laundry room?
A) 。 A) 和 B) 描述的是 someone 的行为， C)和 D) 描述的是 Mindy Lance 的行为，结合选 项中的 the washer and dryer ， broke， blocked the way 和 the laundry room 推测，本题可能与 某人或明迪·兰斯在洗衣房用洗衣机和干衣机带来的问题有关。
22.What does the speaker think might be a better way to resolve the problem?
C)。选项均以动词 -ing 开头，其中的 asking, for help， limiting the amount of laundry 和
installing...more washers and dryers 表明，本题可能考查解决洗衣问题的方法。
—— Passage Three——
【整体预测】本篇短文三道题选项中的 a highly respected author ， the most influential author，Nobel Prize for literature ，The National Book Award ， a relative，a slave from Africa 和 a black woman 表明，本短文与某位著名作家有关，可能涉及她的知名度、获得的奖项、作 品的介绍（身份问题）等。
In today?s class we?ll discuss Toni Morrison?s novel Beloved. As I?m sure you all know, [23] Morrison is both a popular and a highly respected author and it?s not easy to be both.
Born in 1931, Morrison has written some of the most touching and intelligent works on the African-American experience ever written by anyone. And yet to call her an African-American writer doesn?t seem to do her justice. In many ways she is simply an American writer and certainly one of our best.
Beloved is a truly remarkable work. It was recommended for nearly every major literary prize, including the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award. And it in fact
won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1988. [24] Morrison herself is distinguished for having won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993.
What makes Beloved unique is the skillful short way in which Morrison blends intensely personal story-telling and American history, racial themes and gender themes, the experience of blacks with the experience of all people everywhere, the down-to-earth reality of slavery with the sense of mysterious spirituality. We?ll be paying special attention to these themes as we discuss this work. I?m particularly interested in your views on the relative importance of race and gender
in this book. [25] Is it more important that Sethe, the main character, is black, or that she is a woman? Which contributes more to her being? What does Morrison tell us about both?
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23.What do we learn about Toni Morrison?
A) 。选项均为描述 She 的句子，其中的 popular，a highly respected author ，the most loved African novelist ， the most influential author 和 the first writer 表明， She 是一位知名作家，本 题考查这位作家的情况。
24.What honor did Toni Morrison receive in 1993?
B) 。选项均为图书奖项，这表明本题可能问的是某位知名作者获得过什么奖项。
25.What does the speaker tell us about Sethe, the main character in Morrison?s novel Beloved?
D) 。选项均为描述 She 的句子，选项 A) 的内容表明， She 指的不是 Morrison 。选项 B)
中的 a slave from Africa 和选项 D) 中的 a black woman 表明， She 很可能是一位黑人女性。
Section C
26. In addition ，意为“除此之外， 并且”。空后为逗号， 而且后面的句子不缺少主干成分， 故推测所填词很可能为副词或者介词短语， 作状语。 前面提到很多大学生在个人电脑上花费 数千美元，此处进一步说购买 ,, 又需花费几百美元这一现象也很常见， 前后存在递进关系， 故此处很可能表示“另外，而且”之意。
27. software ，意为“软件” 。空前的 purchase和空后的 costing , 表明，所填词应为名词， 作动词 purchase 的宾语， costing... 作后置定语，修饰该名词。
28. available ，意为“可获得的” 。空前的 computers were 表明，所填词应为过去分词或者 形容词。由空后的 but 分句中的 large 和 expensive 可知，本空填形容词的可能性更大。
29. individuals ，意为“个人”。根据本空所在位置判断， 本句缺少主语， 所填词应为名词。
if any 是 Few 与本空之间的插入语，所填词由 Few 修饰，故该名词为可数名词复数形式。
30.technological ，意为“技术上的” 。空后的 improvements 表明，所填词应为形容词， 作名词 improvements 的定语，在含义上表示这种进步使得这些存储器电路小到能放进很多 人使用的便携式电脑里。
31.manufacture ，意为“大量制造，批量生产” 。空前的 have made it possible to 和空后的
memory circuitry 表明，所填词应为动词原形。
32. In short ，意为“总之，简言之” 。句子不缺少主干成分，结合空格的位置推测，所填 词很可能为副词或介词短语，作状语。由本句位于段末， 再根据句子的意思推测， 此处很可 能表示“总结”之意。
33. By contrast，意为“相比之下” 。本题句子同样不缺少主干成分，结合空格的位置推 测，所填词很可能为副词或介词短语，作状语，起承上启下的作用。由上段末的 the average
consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers 和本句的, have vastly increased the amount of output 可知，前后存在对比关系，故此处很可能表示“与之相比”之意。
34. scientific ，意为“科学的” 。空前的逗号和空后的 animal breeding 表明，所填词应为形容词。该词在意义上应带有褒义色彩，使得 ... animal breeding 能与 improved agricultural technology 和 hybrid seeds 并列。
35. quantity ，意为“数量” 。空前的 the 和空后的 of 表明，所填词应为名词。该词在 even
though 引导的让步状语从句中作主语，在意义上与 price 相对，可能表达价格下降致使产品 销量上升的意思。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
【文章导读】本文节选自 2006 年 9 月 25 日发表于 Newsweek（《新闻周刊》 ）上的一篇标题 为 Science and the Gender Gap（《科学与性别差异》 ）的文章。文章以加利福尼亚大学伯克利 分校物理系的情况为例， 探讨了女性对科学所做贡献情况的改善。 第 1 段主要讲述一代人之 前，在加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校物理系涌现出的杰出的物理学家中， 女性甚少。 第 2 段对 比指出当前的情况 ：有杰出贡献的女性物理学家以及即将做出贡献的女性毕业生人数越来 越多，这说明女性对科学的贡献将会越来越大。
全文翻译
想要了解女性对科学做出的贡献， 可以到加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的物理系看一看。 这 里充满了故事， 现代科学的许多最重要的发现——从 1931 年欧内斯特 ? 劳伦斯发明回旋加 速器开始——都来自这个地方。在一代人之前，女性（物理学家）的面孔还很稀少，即使到
今天，参观者走在勒孔特大厅的一楼， 还会看见一整条走廊的展览品向载入史册的著名物理 学家表示敬意，他们几乎都是白人男性。
但来到三楼， 你会看见不一样的展览。 在那里有如今的教职员工和学生的照片， 其中包括 现任系主任玛乔丽? 夏皮罗以及四名其他女性的肖像， 她们的研究领域大到宇宙的结构， 小 到构成物质的最小粒子， 无所不包括在内。 第六名女性两周前刚刚上任。 尽管她们只占物理 系教职员工的 10%左右，但是在这里女性的存在已经不容忽视。真正的希望也许在于右边 那些研究生和本科生的比较小的照片：其中大约 20%是女性。每年，伯克利分校都会把刚 刚毕业的女物理学博士输送到全国顶尖大学里去。 这让夏皮罗感到前景乐观， 但她同时也很 现实。她说， “我相信情况正在改善，但改善的速度还没有我希望的那么快。 ”
答案解析 :
36.【解析】 N)。空前的 the 以及空后的 of , 提示，本空应填入名词， the 36 of , 短语是对 上文中 a storied place 的进一步解释说明， 所以所填词应该是 place 的同义词， 故从备选项的 名词中确定 N) site （场所，地方）为答案。
37.【解析】 L) 。所填词作句子的表语，因此可能是名词或形容词，备选项中的名词及形容 词较多，所以不妨先不设定入选范围，寻找其他答案线索。空格所在句较长，对比分析一代 人之前男性与女性对科学的贡献， many distinguished physicists who made history here , all of
them white males 表达的意思是：许多载入史册的著名学家都是（ all of them ）白人男性，与
all 形成对比的只能是 L) rare（稀少的， 罕见的），即与男性对比， 女性科学家的面孔很稀少。
38【. 解析】I) 。分析句子结构可知， 38 the many distinguished physicists who , 应该是对 exhibits
的修饰，说明是什么样的展览， 所以空格处应填入分词作后置定语， G) exposing 和 I) honoring
入选。展览的目的应该是纪念著名的物理学家，所以选 I) honoring （向 ,, 表示敬意） 。 39.【解析】 O)。由上面两题的分析可知，本空缺少的不是句子的主干成分，应该填入副词， 选词范围缩小至 H) fast， K) presently 和 O) virtually 。句中 all of them white males 是对 many distinguished physicists 的进一步强调说明，所以应该填入 O) virtually （事实上；几乎） ，强调这些著名的物理学家几乎都是白人男性。 H) fast 作副词时用在动词后面； K) presently（目 前）起不到强调作用，而且与前面的过去时态 who made history here 相矛盾。
40.【解析】 F)。空前的 a 以及空后的 display 提示所填词应该是形容词，修饰 display，剩下 的备选项中还有 D) current ， F) different ， H) fast 和 M) realistic 词性符合。本句讲的是三楼 的展览情况， display 是上文中 exhibits 的同义替换。句首的 but 提示两个楼层的展览应该是 不同的， 而且后文中提到三楼展览的照片中有数名女性， 与一楼中所展览的全是男性 （ all of
them white males）不同，故 F) different 为答案。
41.【解析】 D) 。空前的 the 以及空后的 head 提示空格处缺少形容词，剩余备选项中还有 D) current， H) fast 和 M) realistic 符合。除 D) current 外，其他两项显然不能修饰 head of the department（系主任） ，而且 current 与本句前面出现的 current 是原词复现，说明当前教职员 工和学生的照片中有现任系主任玛乔丽·夏皮罗的肖像。
42.【解析】 C)。 whose 引导的定语从句中缺少谓语，主语是单数形式的 research，同时结合 主句的时态可以判定所填词是第三人称单数形式的动词。入选的只有 C) covers 和 E) deals。 本句中的 from , to, 显然在说明其他几位女性的研究涵盖的范围，所以答案为 C) covers
（涉及，涵盖） ， cover, from , to... 为固定搭配，表示涵盖的范围。
43.【解析】 J)。空前的 the real 提示所填词为名词，该名词作句子主语， A) circumstance， B) confidence 和 J) hope 入选。上一句提到：尽管目前已做出成绩的女性只占物理系教员的 10%左右，女性的存在已经不容被忽视，本句中接着讲： The real... 在于右边那些研究生和 本科生的比较小的照片，其中大约 20%是女性。物理系女性学生人数的增长，说明未来的 女性更有希望对科学做出贡献，所以选 J) hope。
44.【解析】 M) 。but also 提示所填词与 optimistic 平行并列， 剩余选项中恰好 M) realistic （现 实的）符合，意思是：夏皮罗感到乐观的同时也很现实。
45.【解析】 H)。as, as, 结构提示所填词可能是形容词或副词，同时前面的 getting better 又 提示这里应该填入副词，剩余的备选项中只有 H) fast 与 K) presently 符合。文章在此处要表 达的是女性占据物理学领域情况的改善程度， 说明尽管情况在改善 （让夏皮罗感到乐观的一 面），但还是没有夏皮罗所希望得那么快 （让夏皮罗正视现实的一面） ，所以答案为 H) fast 。,
things are getter better 对应上一句中的 optimistic ，而 not, as fast as I would like 对应第 44
空处的 realistic 。
Section B
【文章导读】本文选自 2012 年 9 月 9 日发表于 The Daily Beast （《每日野兽》 ）网站上的一 篇标题为 Is College a Lousy Investment? （《大学是一项糟糕的投资吗？》 ）的文章。 文章主要 讨论了大学教育是否值得投资。 文中指出大学教育不是人们获得成功的唯一途径， 人们应该 选择适合自己的道路， 即使上了大学也不一定能找到好工作； 同时也指出， 根据目前市场和 企业需求的变化，人们应该理性分析，提高觉悟，做出正确的选择。 A) 段提出问题：在大 学教育上的投资真的值得吗 ? B)~G) 段通过举例及研究分析指出大学教育费用越来越高，使 家庭和国家财政负担加重，大学教育带来的收益越来越少。 H)~L) 段指出在财政上 对大学教育方面作出的调整， 个人应该重新考虑接受大学教育的问题， 大学不是获取成功的 唯一途径。 M) 段总结全文，指出市场最终会处理大学教育的问题。
全文翻译
大学是一项值得的投资吗？
A) 为什么我们花这么多钱上大学？为什么我们对花那么多钱上大学却如此不开心？我们 似乎都一致认为， 大学教育是美好的， 然而， 奇怪的是当我们看到一些家庭投入这么多钱在 这个被认定的必需品上时， 我们感到忧心忡忡。 或许是时候问这样一个似乎大不敬的问题了：
所有这些在大学教育上的投资真的值得吗 ?
B) 我担心，答案是否定的。 [49] 对于越来越多的孩子来说，花费额外的时间和金钱追求 一张大学文凭会让他们的生活变得比他们踏入校园之前更糟糕。
C) 对我成年后的整个人生阶段来说， [53] 良好的教育对于中产阶级家庭而言是最重要的 事情。 [47] 我的父母花在姐姐和我的教育上的费用超过了他们花在自己的住房上的费用， 而且他们不是唯一这样做的父母 ,, 当然， 对于越来越多的家庭来说， 他们花在住房上的开
销实际上多半是在好的学区里购房的费用。 质问大学教育的价值看似有点像是在质问快乐的 价值。
D) 所有商品和服务的平均价格已经上涨了约 50%。 [51] 但是大学教育的价格却几乎已经 翻了一番。如今的学生们接受的教育的质量提高到了原来的两倍吗 ?新雇员是原来的两倍聪 明吗？他们所接受的教育已经变得如此昂贵了吗 ?
E) 也许有点。俄亥俄州大学经济学教授理查德 ? 维德说：“我看了数据，我发现到 20 世 纪 80 年代中期，上大学的花费所增长的速度比通货膨胀的速度每年快 1%。而现在比通货 膨胀的速度每年快 3%到 4%。发生了什么事？联邦已经在开着飞机往下撒钱了。 ” [48] 资助已经增加了，补贴贷款也可以申请了 ,“大学已经得到了这笔钱。 ”经济学家布莱恩? 卡 普兰赞同道： “这是一种对资源的巨大浪费，只要补贴继续，这种浪费就会继续。 ”他正在写 一本关于教育的书。
F) 关于大学和学生贷款的宣传资料经常把债务说成是一项“自我投资” 。但投资应该产生 可以偿还贷款的收入。 [55] 超过半数的应届毕业生未就业或正在从事一份不需要学位的工
作， 1999 年以来，由家庭承担学生贷款债务的数额已经增加了五倍多。这些毕业生被告知， 他们成功所需要的只是一纸文凭， 但这张文凭甚至难以使他们走出父母家的备用卧室。 对许 多人来说， 大学四年最明显的结果是支付贷款， 目前成千上万的人平均每月都要支付数百美 元的贷款。
G) 关于这笔钱，有几分是真的。大学毕业生现在的工资比只有高中文凭的人多出 80% 。 虽然没有精确的估计， 但名校毕业生的工资似乎更高。 而这并不是对每一个学生而言的。 花 了四年的时间主修英国文学， 但修完后的就业机会并不比你入学之前多。 相反， 一毕业就当
化学工程师能很轻松地赚到一个底层的高中毕业生大约四倍的工资。
H) 诺贝尔经济学奖得主詹姆斯 ? 赫克曼调查了不同背景和能力水平的个体，看其教育带 来的回报。他说： “即使学费很高，对于那些聪明上进的人来说，他们还是会收到一份高额 回报。”另一方面， [50] “如果你没有做好上大学的准备，那么答案是否定的，上大学是不 值得投资的。 ” 专家倾向于认为，对于普通学生来说，如今的大学教育仍然是值得的， 但他 们也同意学费的快速增长正在耗尽越来越多的潜在收益。 对于边缘的学生来说， 学费上涨促 使这些收益变为负值。
I) 似乎每个人都认为和家长应该重新思考我们如何投资高等教育——雇主需要重新 考虑越来越多地将大学学位作为那些实际上不需要大学技能的工作的粗滤筛选工具这种做 法了。“看到大学毕业生过剩， 正在寻求填补工作空缺的雇主们就增加了那个 （学历） 要求”， 维德说，“事实上，做一个调酒员的工作都要求具有大学文凭。 ”
J) 我们已经开始看到财政方面的变化了。 [52] 2007 年通过的一项法律容许学生将他们所偿
还的贷款在收入的 10%以下，并且免除 25 年后的余额。但当然，这并不能控制教育的 成本； 它只是将其转移给了纳税人。 这项法律还鼓励毕业生选择低薪职业， 这进一步降低了 教育的经济收益。 “你正在资助人们成为牧师、诗人等” ，赫克曼说， “你可能会认为这是一 件好事，或者你也可能不这么想。 ”无论如何这对来说都是昂贵的。
K) 可能廉价得多的做法是让更多的孩子去工作。 [46] 卡普兰指出工作也会帮助员工提升 有价值的技能——对于那些天生不愿意坐在教室里的孩子们来说可能更有价值。 赫克曼由衷
地赞同道：“人和人是不同的，能力是可以发展的。那就是我们所学到的，国家应该认 识到这一点。 ”
L) [54] 赫克曼想要看到更多的学徒式的项目，孩子们可以在工作场所学习——不仅学习 具体的工作技能，而且还可以学到那种“软技能” ，比如按时上班和与团队和睦相处，这对 于取得事业成功是至关重要的。 “这要有指导者和基于工作场所上的教育。 ”他说，“我已经 多次看到这种项目在起作用的例子了。 ”
M) 啊，但是我们如何能做到那些呢？最好是有更好的国家，但通过做出更好的个人 决策也是可以实现的。 “从历史上来看，市场能够处理这些事情” ，维德说， “我认为最终市 场会处理这个问题的。如果这一问题不能很快得以改善，人们将会醒悟，并且会问： ‘我为 什么要上大学？’ ”
答案解析 :
46.【 定位】 根据题目中的 Caplan，kids 和 don’t love school 将本题出处定位于 K) 段第 2 句。
【解析】 K) 。 K) 段第 2 句说，卡普兰指出工作也会帮助员工提升有价值的技能——对于那 些天生不愿意坐在教室里的孩子们来说可能更有价值。 也就是说， 卡普兰认为不喜欢上学的 孩子可能会在工作中获得有价值的技能，即建议这些孩子去工作。题目是对 K) 段第 2 句的 概括转述。
47.【 定位】根据题目中的 an increasing number of families 和 a good school district 将本题出处 定位于 C)段第 2 句。
【解析】 C)。C)段第 2 句后半部分指出， 对于越来越多的家庭来说，他们花在住房上的开销 多数实际上是在好的学区里购房的费用。也就是说，这些家庭在好的学区房上的花费较多， 题目是对该句的同义转述。
48.【定位】根据题目中的 subsidized loans，a huge waste of money 和 economist 将本题出处 定位于 E)段倒数第 1、 2 句。
【解析】 E)。E)段倒数第 1、2 句指出，资助已经增加了，补贴贷款也可以申请了， “大学已 经得到了这笔钱。 ”经济学家布莱恩 ? 卡普兰赞同道： “这是一种对资源的巨大浪费，只要 补贴继续，这种浪费就会继续。 ”题目是对这两句话的整合。原文最后一句中的 it 指代上句 中的 the money，包括 aid 和 subsidized loans。
49.【定位】根据题目中的 a college diploma 将本题出处定位于 B) 段最后一句。
【解析】 B) 。B)段最后一句指出，对于越来越多的孩子来说， 花费额外的时间和金钱追求一 张大学文凭会让他们的生活变得比他们踏入校园之前更糟糕。 题目是对该句的同义转述， 题 目中的 fare worse（进展更糟）对应文中的 worse off （恶化）。
50.【定位】根据题目中的 is not worth it 将本题出处定位于 H)段第 3 句。
【解析】 H) 。 H)段第 3 句指出，如果你还没为接受大学教育做好准备，那么答案是否定的， 上大学就不值得。文中的 answer 是对第 1 句中的 how the returns on education break down 所 做的回答，故题目主要是对 H) 段第 3 句的同义转述， 题目中的 not prepared for higher education 对应原句中的 not college ready 。
51.【定位】根据题目中的 the cost of a college education 将本题出处定位于 D)段第 2 句。
【解析】 D) 。 D)段第 2 句指出，大学教育的价格几乎翻了一番。题目是对该句的同义转述， 题目中的 has increased almost by 100%对应句中的 has nearly doubled。 52.【定位】根据题目中的 a law， one tenth 和 loans 将本题出处定位于 J)段第 2 句。
【解析】 J)。J)段第 2 句指出， 2007 年通过的一项法律容许学生将他们所偿还的贷款在
收入的 10%以下。题目是对该句的同义转述，题目中的 pay no more than 对应句中的 cap
（给 ,, 定限额） 。
53.【定位】根据题目中的 middle-class 和 a good education 将本题出处定位于 C)段第 1 句。
【解析】 C)。C)段第 1 句指出， 良好的教育对于中产阶级家庭而言是最重要的事情，即中产 阶级美国人高度重视良好的教育。题目是对该句的同义转述，题目中的 have highly valued 对应句中的 has been the most important thing 。
54.【定位】根据题目中的 programs 和 job skills 将本题出处定位于 L) 段第 1 句。
【解析】 L) 。L) 段第 1 句指出，赫克曼想要看到更多的学徒式的项目，孩子们可以在工作场 所学习——不仅学习具体的工作技能，而且还可以学到那种“软技能” ，比如按时上班和与 团队和睦相处， 这对于取得事业成功是至关重要的。 题目是对该句的概括， 从文中对 soft skills
（软技能）的举例解释 （按时上班和与团队和睦相处） 来看，soft skills 即题目中的 social skills 。
55.【定位】根据题目中的 Over fifty percent 和 unemployed 将本题出处定位于 F)段第 3 句。
【解析】 F)。该句指出，超过半数的应届毕业生未就业或正在从事一份不需要学位的工作， 不需要学位的工作肯定不是上过大学的人想要找的工作 （a suitable job ），题目中的 over fifty percent 对应原文中的 more than half ，故题目是对 F)段第 3 句的同义转述。
Section C
—— Passage One ——
【文章导读】本文节选自 2012 年 3 月 12 日发表于 Newsweek（《新闻周刊》 ）网站上的一篇 标题为 “ Nevertirees”: Elderly Americans Who Refuse to Retire （《“永不退休的人” ：拒绝退休 的美国老年人》 ）的文章。本文主要介绍了美国社会上出现“永不退休的人”这一现象。第
1 段讲述调查发现有大部分人拒绝退休而选择继续工作，这些人被称作“永不退休的人” 。 第 2、3 段举例说明“永不退休的人” ，并表示研究发现努力工作有益于长寿。 第 4 段说明人 们对退休的看法发生了改变。第 5 段提出“永不退休的人”给社会带来的好坏两方面影响。
全文翻译
最近一项对全球 2， 000 名高净值人士的调查发现，他们中有 60%的人不打算按传统方
式退休。在参与调查的美国人中， 75%的人即使在离开全职工作以后，仍期望在某些职位上 继续工作。 [56] “他们中的许多人通过做他们热爱的事情来赚钱， ” 美国巴克莱财富美洲公 司的行为金融学的负责人丹尼尔 ? 伊根说，“如果有机会，他们更愿意继续工作下去。 ”巴 克莱称这些人为“永不退休的人” 。
[57] 不像许多因公司规定而被迫提前退休的美国人，一般的“永不退休的人”不会受 到任何人的。如果 106 岁的投资家欧文 ? 卡恩想要继续每天来上班，他作为自己家族 企业的老板， 谁能阻止得了他呢？ 78 岁的最高大法官露丝 ?巴德 ? 金斯伯格的工作是 受保障的。
[58] 这些老年人似乎在试图欺骗死神。事实上，他们确实做到了。这确实管用。加州 大学河滨分校的霍华德 ? 弗里德曼教授在研究中发现，那些工作最努力并且在事业上最成 功的人往往寿命最长。他说： “人们通常被错误地建议要放慢速度，放松下来，别再担忧， 去佛罗里达州过退休生活。 ”他还描述了一位受调查者，尽管已是 100 岁的高龄但仍坚持工 作，看到自己的儿子退休他感到很失望。
[59] 牛津大学的人口老龄化问题研究所所长乔治 ? 利森说：“我们开始看到人们对退 休的看法发生了改变。 ”退休曾经被看作在某种悲惨的工作中长期煎熬之后的直接奖励，现 在却近似于遭到社会抛弃。 随着人们开始意识到 “退休不仅仅是简单地与经济生产力相联系， 而且也关乎贡献” ，利森提出的“沃伦 ? 巴菲特效应”也变得越来越流行。
[60] 对于这是否全然是一件好事，观察者之间存在分歧。一方面，公司和金融企业将 得益于一位坚韧的领导者的智慧。 另一方面， 年轻一代的发展会受到更大的阻碍——通常这 种观点对“永不退休的人”影响甚微。
答案解析
56.【定位】根据题干中的 nevertirees 将本题出处定位于首段。
【解析】 C)。首段第三句的直接引语部分提到，他们通过做自己热爱的事情来赚钱，如果有 机会，他们更愿意继续工作下去，这些人被称为“永不退休的人” 。由此可知，“永不退休的 人”热爱他们的工作而拒绝退休，故答案为 C) ，题中的 love what they do 是对文中 doing something they’ re passionate about 的同义转述， choose not to retire 是对 prefer to continue
working 的同义转述。 A) 项是针对 are passionate about 所设的干扰项，他们是对所做的工作 充满热情，而不是对赚钱充满热情。文中提到“永不退休的人”是在有机会选择的情况下， 宁愿继续工作下去， B) 与此相矛盾。文中没有提到有人强迫他们退休，故排除 D) 。
57.【定位】根据题干中的 Irving Kahn 和 Ruth Bader Ginsburg 将本题出处定位于第 2 段。
【解析】 A) 。第 2 段首句提到，不像许多因公司规定而被迫提前退休的美国人，一般的永 不退休的人不会受到任何人的。接着举了欧文 ? 卡恩和露丝 ? 巴德? 金斯伯格的例 子，前者是自己家族企业的老板，后者的大法官职位受保护，两人都不会被强制退休， 故答案为 A) 。文中没有提到欧文 ? 卡恩和露丝 ? 巴德? 金斯伯格是否期望工作得到回报， 故排除 B) 。文中没有提到有人反对欧文 ? 卡恩和露丝 ? 巴德 ? 金斯伯格继续工作，故 排除 C)。D) 项属于过度推断，由欧文 ? 卡恩和露丝 ? 巴德 ? 金斯伯格没有退休不能推 断出他们能应对繁重的工作。
58.【定位】根据题干中的 Howard Friedman 和 research 将本题出处定位于第 3 段。
【解析】 D)。第 3 段开头提到，这些拒绝退休的老年人似乎试图欺骗死神，事实上他们做 到了。接着用霍华德 ? 弗里德曼的研究发现加以论证：那些工作最努力并且在事业上最成 功的人往往寿命最长。 由此可知， 继续工作的老人活得更久， 故答案为 D) ，题中的 lengthens people’s life 是对文中 live the longest lives 的同义转述。 A) 项属于过度推断，不能由霍华德? 弗里德曼的研究发现推断出工作越努力挣钱越多。 B) 项与霍华德 ? 弗里德曼的研究结果相反。 第 3 段倒数第 2 句提到， 放松下来、去佛罗里达州过退休生活是错误的建议，故排除
C)。
59.【定位】根据题干中的 view of retirement 将本题出处定位于第 4 段首句。
【解析】 C)。第 4 段首句提到， 人们对退休的看法正在改变。 接着第 2 句说明对退休的传统 看法，题干中的 traditional view of retirement 是对 once retirement was seen as, 的同义转述， 该句提到退休曾经被看作在某种悲惨的工作中长期煎熬之后的直接奖励，故答案为 C)，题 中的 compensation for one ’ s life-long hard work 是对文中 a brief reward after a long struggle
through some miserable job 的同义转述。 文中没有提到退休是对年轻一代的负担， 故排除 A) 。 文中没有提到退休是社会成熟和文明的标志， 故排除 B) 。D) 项是针对第 4 段末句中 economics
productivity 所设的干扰项，该句提到人们现在不仅意识到退休不仅仅是简单地与经济生产 力相联系，还关乎贡献，不能由此推断出退休有助于提高经济生产力，故 D)项属于过度推 断。
60.【定位】题干中的 critics 指的是末段首句中 observers 的中持反对意见的一方，故将本题 出处定位于末段。
【解析】 D) 。末段提到，观察者们对于“永不退休的人”持不同意见。一方面，公司和金 融企业会因此受益； 另一方面， 年轻一代的发展会受到阻碍。 也就是说，永不退休的人会阻 碍年轻人的发展，故答案为 D) ，其中的 prevent young people from getting ahead 是对文中 the
new generation can find it more difficult to advance 的同义转述。文中提到， “永不退休的人” 的智慧会使公司受益， A) 项与此相矛盾。文中没有提到“永不退休的人”缺少创造力或者 工作效率降低，故排除 B) 和 C)。
—— Passage Two——
【文章导读】本文节选自 2013 年 1 月 17 日发表于 Time （《时代周刊》 ）网站上的一篇题 为 Today’ s Young Adults Will Never Pay off Their Credit Card Debts （《如今的年轻人将永远 无法还清他们的信用卡债务》 ）的文章。文章主要阐述了美国年轻人面临的严重的信用卡债 务问题。第 1 段引出美国的年轻人面临严重的信用卡债务问题。第 2、 3 段介绍年轻人透支 信用卡的情况。第 4、 5 段分别就信用卡债务对持卡者本人在不同的收入水平和年龄阶段产 生的影响进行了分析和说明。 第 6 段指出， 这些背负了沉重信用卡债务的人可能至死都无法 还清所欠债务，银行将面临遭受损失的风险。
全文翻译
[61] 每当我们谈论那些刚刚步入成年而又负债累累的美国人的时候，讨论的焦点几乎 总是关于学生贷款债务。 但是， 有越来越多的证据表明， 现在的年轻人还为信用卡债务所困 扰，他们中的许多人可能至死都不能还清这笔债务。
20%以上的人每个月会超支 100 多美元。 [62] 由于他们尚未建立起自己的信用记录， 因 此可以肯定的是这些年轻人将要为他们欠下的信用卡债务支付相对较高的利息。
尽管许多年轻人抱怨 “社交支出” 是他们攒钱的一大障碍， 但是他们中的大多数人并不 会在时尚会所豪饮一杯 20 美元的酒水。而是在与更多的日常开支作斗争。
[63] 在很大程度上令人担忧的是，在下一次发薪水之前，这些年轻人和破产者在依靠 信用卡生活。从长期来看，这显然不是长久之计， 而且这将严重地影响他们的购买力， 即使 那时他们已经达到了他们收入的顶峰； 因为他们仍要为他们十年前买过的一瓶桔子汁或者一 盒意式面条欠下的信用卡债务支付利息。
俄亥俄州立大学的一项新研究发现， 与其他年龄段的人相比， 年轻人积累信用卡债务的 速度更快，但是偿还这些债务的速度则更慢。 [] “如果我们发现的这些问题继续发展下去 的话，未来将会有更多的老年人面临严重的经济问题” ，俄亥俄州立大学的经济学教授露西
娅 ? 邓恩警告说，“如果我们发现的问题继续存在的话， 我们可能会面对这样一个事实： 在 那些上了年纪却又无法偿清信用卡债务的人们中间将会爆发一场经济危机。 ”
[65] 邓恩说，很多年轻人将永远无法摆脱信用卡债务的阴影。 “许多人从信用卡上借了 如此多的钱， 而他们当下所在的阶层的薪水远不足以偿还他们的信用卡债务， 直至他们终老 都无法还清，而这将会使信用卡发卡行面临遭受损失的风险。 ”
答案解析
61.【定位】本题考查的是对第 1 段内容的理解。
【解析】 A) 。第 1 段共有两句话，第 1 句做铺垫，指出人们在谈到刚成年的美国人承担的 债务时， 话题几乎总是关于学生贷款的债务问题； 第 2 句笔锋一转， 直接切入本文要探讨的 主题：现在年轻人也深陷信用卡债务危机。文中多次用到了表达“难以承受”观点的字眼： saddled with unbearable levels of debt 和 drowning in 以及 many of them will take this debt to
their graves，可见，该段的主要目的是指出，许多年轻的美国人将永远都没有能力还清他们 欠下的信用卡债务，选项 A) 符合文意，故为答案。选项 B) 说信用卡在大学生生活中的作用 越来越大，并不是本段和全文主旨，因此排除 B)。本段提到了学生贷款债务和信用卡债务， 但并未涉及这两种债务的危害比较，故排除 C)。本段并未提及美国信用卡制度受到批评， 故排除 D)。
62.【定位】根据题干中的 higher interest 和 credit card debt 将本题出处定位于第 2 段。
【解析】 B) 。该段第 2 句指出， 由于他们还没有建立起自己的信用记录，这些年轻人必定要 为他们欠下的信用卡债务支付相对较高的利息。本题正是对该句内容的考查，选项 B) 是对 原文 they haven’t built up their credit histories 的同义转述，故为答案。该段介绍了年轻人要
为他们的信用卡债务支付高额利息的原因：他们还没有建立起自己的信用记录。选项 A) 、
C)和 D) 均是命题者脱离原文主观臆造出来的干扰项，故排除。
63.【定位】根据题干中的 relying on credit cards 将本题出处定位于第 4 段。
【解析】 D)。第 4 段承接第 3 段，进一步介绍了那些入不敷出、依赖信用卡勉强维持生计 的年轻人的状况。第 1 句介绍了现象，第 2 句对其进行评论： 这种做法不是长久之计， 而且 可能会严重影响他们的购买力。选项 D)是对原文内容 it ?s going to put a huge drag on their
spending power 的同义转述，故为答案。本题考查的主要是第 4 段的内容，该段分析了那些 依赖信用卡勉强维持生计的做法并进行了评论， 并未提及为社会增加了不必要的负担或者给 他们增加了精神压力，故排除 A) 和 C)。对于选项 B)，原文中只提到了那些年轻人和破产者 依靠信用卡维持生计， 并不表明他们没有动力去努力工作， 如果他们不努力工作， 又怎么能 达到收入的顶峰，故排除 B) 。
.【定位】根据题干中的 accumulating 及 Lucia Dunn 将本题出处定位于第 5 段。
【解析】 B) 。第 5 段介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的相关研究成果， 并引用该校经济学家露西娅 ? 邓恩的话指出， 那些积累了大量信用卡债务的人， 他们在上了年纪之后将会面临经济问题甚 至经济危机。选项 B)符合文意，故为正确答案。露西娅 ? 邓恩的话中并未涉及上了年纪的 人需要支付不断增高的利息的内容， 也没有提到持续增加的信用卡债务会导致信用卡被取消 的后果，故排除 A) 和 D)。本文并未提及人们持续增加信用卡债务是否会影响年轻人的生活 质量，虽然选项 C)的内容有一定道理，但是由于在文中并没有依据，因此排除。
65.【定位】 由题干中的 Lucia Dunn 和 the credit card issuing banks 将本题出处定位于第 6 段。
【解析】 C)。第 6 段继续引用露西娅? 邓恩的话， 指出这些欠了大量信用卡债务的人可能永 远都没有能力还清债务，这将会使信用卡的发卡行面临遭受损失的风险。选项 C)是对原文 中, that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end
of their life 的同义转述，故为答案。本题主要考查那些无力偿还信用卡债务的人将会对银行 造成什么样的损失和风险。选项 A) 和 D) 的内容在原文中并未提及，故排除。对于选项 B) ， 如果那些欠着信用卡债务的持卡人去世的话， 银行自然会失去他们这样一批长期客户， 但是 这只是表面现象，银行面临的真正损失是这些人去世了，但是欠的信用卡债务还没有还清， 因此排除 B) 。
Part IV Translation
总体分析
本文主要介绍了中国的茶文化， 为说明文。 译文语言风格是较为正式的说明性语言， 时 态主要用一般现在时，但有些句子中的状语是过去的时间（如：明清期间、 6 世纪等），要 使用一般过去时。文中出现的常考句型（如：是最 ,, 的,, 之一） ，考生需掌握。 逐句分析
1. ①句拆分成两句翻译。问句译作“ Tea or coffee?”，“是用餐人常被问到的问题”的主语为 “Tea or coffee?”，较长，可用“ that”指代。“用餐人常被问到的”译作过去分词，作后置 定语“ often asked when people have a meal”，修饰 question。
2. ②句前后两个分句句式相同，译作并列句，体现对比关系，用 while 连接，其中“会”用 情态动词 would 。
3. ③句“相传 ,, ”是常用句型，可译作“ Legend has it that...”或“ As legend goes...”，考 生可熟记。“五千年前”为过去的时间，故从句用一般过去时，其中的“发现了茶”和“用 来治病”译作并列谓语，用 and 连接。从句译作主动语态或被动语态皆可，但译作被动语态
更能突显本文的主题“ tea”，全句译文见“完整译文” 。如译作主动语态，全句译作“ Legend
has it that a Chinese emperor discovered tea five thousand years ago and used it to cure disease.”。
4. ④句用一般过去时， “在 ,, 期间”译作“ during... ”，“遍布 ,, ”译作“ all over... ”，“全 国”译作“ the country”或“ China”都可。本句要注意主谓一致。
5. ⑤句用一般过去时，前半句中的“饮茶”译作“ tea drinking ”，“传到 ,, ”译作“ was introduced to... ”或“ spread to...”。后半句“直到 ,, 才 ,, ”用“ it was not until... that... ” 的强调句型。
6. ⑥句中“是最 ,, 的 ,, 之一”用“ be one of the+ 形容词最高级 +名词复数”句型，该句 型十分常见，考生需掌握，值得注意的是，其中的名词一定要用复数形式。
7. ⑦句中“是 ,, 也是 ,, ” ，可用“ not only... but also... ”句型。 完整译文
① “Tea or coffee?” That?s a question often asked when people have a meal. ② Many Westerners would choose coffee, while the Chinese would choose tea. ③ Legend has it that tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and was used to cure disease. ④ During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. ⑤ Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 17th or the 18th century that it spread to Europe and America. ⑥Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. ⑦ It is not only the national beverage of China, but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
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