
Review
Types of questions
●Ⅰ. Choose from the given choices the correct one. (2’X15=30’)
● Ⅱ. Define the following terms. (10’X3=30’)
●Ⅲ. III. Answer one of the following questions. (20’X1=20’)
●Ⅳ. Write no less than 100 words on one of the following topics in English. (20’ X1=20’)
What we’ve learned?
Beowulf
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
●The Anglo-Saxon Period
●The Anglo-Norman Period
●The 14th century
●The Renaissance
●The 17th century
●The 18th century
●The 19th century
●The 20th century
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Shakespeare
4 Johns: John Milton & John Bunyan
Neo-classicism; Realistic Novel; Sentimentalism,Pre-romanticism
Romanticism; Critical Realism
Stream of Consciousness
Anglo-Saxon 449-1066
●Three pagan Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, from Denmark and northern Germany came around 450---600 AD
●England’s natinal epic:
●The song of Beowulf
●Alliteration is a device with certain accented words in a line beginning with the same consonant sound.
● p3
Anglo-Norman Period
●1066, The Norman Conquest
● the battle of Hastings
● William, Duke of Normandy win
● P17-18
●Metrical Romance:
●the culmination of the Arthurian romances
●Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Geoffrey Chaucer
●The Middle Class Author
●“Father of English poetry”: Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas---heroic couplet.
● heroic couplet: is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter.
●Forerunner of English Renaissance and humanism
●The founder of English realism/ The first realistic writer
●first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey
●The Canterbury Tales p43-45
English Renaissance
(1520s---1620s) P67
●Poet: Thomas Wyatt, Edmund Spenser
●Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.
● Edmund Spenser: (epic) The Fairy Queen
● Essayist: Francis Bacon
●Playwright: Christopher Marlowe
● William Shakespeare
● Christopher Marlowe is the greatest o the pioneers of English drama. He makes blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.f
● P67-68
The Renaissance and humanism
●was an intellectual movement. It sprang from first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature of the Greek and Latin. Another feature is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.
●Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.
● Blank verse is a verse with unrhymed (rhymeless) iambic pentameter.
● Sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme.
William Shakespeare
●Great comedies: ?
●Great tragedies: ?
● p71-72
●Sonnet 18 p118
The Merchant of Venice
●Great comedies:
●A Midsummer Night’s Dream
●The Merchant of Venice
●As You Like It
●Twelfth Night
●Portia’s characteristics
●Shylock’s characteristics
●Theme
Hamlet
●Great tragedies:
● Hamlet
● Othello
● King Lear
● The Tragedy of Macbeth
●The image of Hamlet
●The Melancholy of Hamlet
The 17th century
●The Period of Revolution:
●the Glorious Revolution in 1688
●P130-131
●Metaphysical poet: John Donne;
● John Milton
● John Bunyan
● John Dryden
John Donne and the Metaphysical Poets
●Metaphysical School:
●They are a school of poets at the beginning of the 17th century, with John Donne as the founder.
●Their works are generally characterized by mysticism and obscurity in content and fantasticality and conceit in form.
●They are known for their excessive use of philosophy and deliberate show-off of their cleverness and learning.
John Dryden (1631-1700)
●A poet, playwright and critic
●The Poet Laureate/ The Laureate
●He established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms
●The forerunner of the English classicism.
●
John Milton’s works
●Paradise Lost 《失乐园》
●Paradise Regain《复乐园》
●Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》
●It’s all based on the story of the Old Testament
●of the Bible
●a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse
●Paradise Lost 《失乐园》
●a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse
●Image of Satan
●Theme
●Bunyan
●The Pilgrim’s Progress
●a religious allegory
●The journey of a man named Christan
The 18th Century :
The Age of Enlightenment
the age of reason
the age of prose
The Enlightenment
●The Enlightenment is a progressive intellectual movement that celebrates reason, equality, science and human ability to perfect themselves and their society.
Literature of the 18th century
●It is an age of prose rather than poetry.
● p166
●Literal trends:
●Neoclassicism:
●The novel:
●Sentimentalism:
●pre-romanticism:
Addison,Steele,Pope
Defoe, Fielding, Smollet, Richardson, Swift
Goldsmith, Sterne, Gray
Blake, Burns
Pope: authority in matters of
literary art;
made heroic couplet
popular in poem writing;
master of satire and heroic couplet
p167
1. Neo-Classicism
★Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order.
-- control literary creation by fixed law and rules (order, logic, restrained emotions and accuracy)
★ Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.
2. The 18th century novel p167-168
●Daniel Defoe
● Robinson Crusoe
●Henry Fielding (real founder)
●Tom Jones
●Samuel Richardson: Pamela
●Jonathan Swift (a master of satire)
● Gulliver’s Travels
●Play: Richard Brinsley Sheridan
● The school for scandal
●The significance (theme) of the novel Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan Swift
●works:
●The Battle of the Books 《书的战争》
●The Tale of a Tub 《木桶的故事》
●Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》
●Lilliput
●Brobdingnag
●The flying island of Laputa
●Houyhnhnms
3. Sentimentalism; Pre-romanticism P169
●Gothic novel
●-- flourished in the last decades
●-- mystery and terror—— “novel of horrors”
●Pre-romanticism (poem)
●-- William Blake
●-- Robert Burns
English Romanticism
●begins in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads
●ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death.
●The French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on English Romanticism.
P1-2
Romantic Literature p4
●Poetry:
● Lake poets
● Romantic poets
●(Satanic School)
●
●essays
● Charles Lamb
● novel:
● Walt Scott
● Jane Austen
conservative
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey
revolutionary
Byron, Shelley, and Keats
Hazlitt, De Quincey, Hunt p132
27 Historical novels
General Features of Romanticism
●1. An emphasis on subjectivism (feeling, imagination, intuition)
●2. A love for nature
●3. A belief in individuality and freedom
●4. The glorification of the commonplace
●5. An interest in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar, the mysterious, the supernatural…(imagination)
●6. A feeling of loneliness (dissatisfaction with the reality)
● Romanticism is a revolt against authority and tradition.
Jane Austen (1775-1817)
●Pride and Prejudice (1796)
●Northanger Abbey (1798) 《诺桑觉寺》
●Sense and Sensibility (1811)《理智与情感》
●Emma (1815) 《爱玛》
●Mansfield Park 《曼斯菲尔德公园》
●Persuasion 《好事多磨》
●Different kinds of attitude towards marriage
The 19th century
●Victorian period (1832-1902) Chartism p151
●Critical Realist
●Charles Dickens
●William Makepeace Thackeray
●Charlotte Bronte
●Elizabeth Gaskell
●George Eliot
●poets: Tennyson, Browning, Swinburne p155
●Thomas Hardy
Critical realism
●1. Criticize
●2. Sympathy
●3. humor and satire
●4. weakness
William Makepeace Thackeray
●1811-1863
●A satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society
●P191 Vanity Fair 《名利场》
George Eliot p.211
●Adam Bede 《亚当·比德》
●The Mill on the Floss 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
●Silas Marner 《织工马南传》
Charlotte Bronte
●The Professor 《教授》
●Jane Eyre 《简·爱》
●Shirley 《雪丽》
●Villette 《维洛特》
Emily Bronte
●1818-1848
●Her only novel:
●Wuthering Heights
The 20th Century
●Thomas Hardy
●D. H. Lawrence
●Playwrights:
●Oscar Wilde, “art for art’s sake” p374-376
●G. B. Shaw
●Stream of Consciousness novelist:
●Virginia Woolf
●James Joyce
●The local-colored works are known as “novels of character and environment.”
●11: Tess of the D’Urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》
●16: Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》
●(the last two being the most famous)
Virginia Woolf
a representative of the stream-of-consciousness school P.439
●1925: Mrs. Dalloway 《达洛威夫人》 (the 1st completely successful novel in her new style)
●1927: To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》
●1931: The Waves 《浪》
James Joyce P.455
●the founder of the “stream of consciousness” school of novel writing
●Works:
●Masterpiece: 1922: Ulysses 《尤利西斯》
●1916: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《青年艺术家的画像》
D.H. Lawrence 劳伦斯 P416
The White Peacock 《白孔雀》
Sons and Lovers 《儿子与情人》
The Rainbow 《虹》
Lady Chatterlay’s Lover 《恰泰莱夫人的情人》
Sons and Lovers: Oedipus Complex
He combines psychological analysis and social criticism.
George Bernard Shaw
●12: Widower’s Houses 《鳏夫的房产》
●14: Mrs. Warren’s Profession 《华伦夫人的职业》
●1912: Pygmalion 《皮格马利翁》/《卖花女》
●1919: Heartbreak House 《伤心之家》
●1923:Saint Joan《圣女贞德》
●The Nobel Prize
