
完型、填空 解析
英 语
浙江省衢州第一中学 钱 立
I 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be 1 to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are 2 wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负)others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.
Rules can help the public make the right 3 , and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent 4 .
If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be 5 for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is 6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into 7 .
Sometimes it may not be so easy to know 8 what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is 9 to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and 10 be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so 11 when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is 12 .
Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to 13 others. However, some people argue that rules may be 14 , having observed that rules change all the time, and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones –– so who is to 15 what is right?
1. A. kind B. sensitive C. fair D. generous
2. A. equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly
3. A. suggestions B. conclusions C. turns D. choices
4. A. accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths
5. A. interesting B. vital C. easy D. valuable
6. A. seldom B. rarely C. merely D. never
7. A. trouble B. power C. prison D. control
8. A. roughly B. eventually C. deliberately D. exactly
9. A. awful B. cruel C. unhealthy D. unnecessary
10. A. still B. even C. later D. somehow
11. A. nervous B. anxious C. afraid D. guilty
12. A. begging B. starving C. growing D. wandering
13. A. follow B. instruct C. treat D. protect
14. A. disgusting B. confusing C. unsafe D. unimportant
15. A. predict B. explain C. decide D. consider
【短文分析】这是一篇关于“生活中的各类规则”对我们生活影响的文章,生活中的规则对于人们判断是非,作出正确选择,对于我们彼此能否和睦相处都有一定影响,然而有时候要去判断是非去遵守各类规则并非易事!
【凡事有规则,规则重要性】 文章一开头就单刀直入式地阐明生活中很多事情必须那么做毫无疑问是一定是正确的。为此特意举了几个非常生活化的日子,比如说对人好或者说善待我们生活的环境,不伤害欺凌别人,不乱丢垃圾也是生活中我们必须遵守的规则。因为有了规则所以我们做事才有了明辨是非的准绳。
【规则的意义】因为有了社会必须遵守的共有规则,公众才给自己提供了一个正确的选择才能更确保自身的安全。比方说,司机在路上行驶遵守正确的交通规则才能避免撞车,骑自行车的人为了避免不必要的事故发生也必须遵守一定规则,比如说转弯的时候给其他道路使用者一个变道的手势,这些都是基本的规则。
【辨证地对待规则】 规则很重要,不过考虑或者说遵守规则的时候也不能墨守成规一成不变。
完型填空基本解题思路回顾:从全文大意、主旨出发,联系上下文(context),结合逻辑思考,依靠自己平时所积累的英语语言知识,根据文中语义、语法、逻辑和固定搭配上的需要来推测应该填什么词,完形填空中对词的考查以实词为主,如形容词、动词、副词等。其中有相当一部分词汇题中各个选项之间并无大的联系。这类题要求考生应从上下文的语义入手,根据各选项单词的意思和结构进行选择。 很多时候重在上下文语境“抄”答案,可以不夸张地说,完型填空60%以上的答案是通过上下文语境(提示词或者关键词)“抄”出来的,会意在完型填空解题里最重要,接下来我会通过各个选项正确答案定位就这一点做一个证明。
| 1.答案:A | 考查点:形容词辨析。 |
| 选项词性都为形容词,区别点只是意思不同,通过选项分析可以关注上下文语境。与下文hurt or bully(欺负)others, 意义相反的应是be kind to others反义复现 | |
| 结论:语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段,或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。在考试中,考生应注意分析这类概念复现,从反义的角度判断正确的选项。 【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案: C | 考查点:副词辨析。 |
| 与第一句some things are obviously right相对应(并列结构),与obviously近义复现的显然只能是clearly。 | |
| 结论:同义词,近义词是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式,或解释性的语言使上下文语意得以连接起来。做完形填空时,考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言 【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案: D | 考查点:名词辨析。 |
| 利用生活常识结合下句 “…tell them the right things to do on the road”可知,规则是告诉人们如何做作出正确“选择”。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案:A | 考查点:名词辨析。 |
| 联系生活常识结合上句提到的avoid crashes可知,选A。accidents与crash是上下文意义类似重复的词。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案:C | 考查点:形容词辨析。 |
| 由逻辑推断可知,如果人们遵守规章而不用考虑其他事情,他们就很“容易”形成是“黑白”观。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案: D | 考查点:副词辨析。 |
| 原文中的tell the truth与之后lying相对,而与always相对的应是never。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案:A | 考查点:名词辨析。 |
| 根据生活常识可知,一般坚持自己的观点的人有时也会“惹上麻烦”。“上台(get into power)”与语境不符,“坐牢(get into prison)”除非搞,一般不可能发生的,言过其实。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案: D | 考查点:副词辨析。 |
| 由下面的例子可知,有时很难“严格地”区分正确与错误。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案:. B | 考查点:形容词辨析。 |
| 由but可知,应选与下文中kind相对的只能是起反义的词cruel。反义同现。 awful可怕的 与语境不符。unhealthy 、. Unnecessary更是风马牛不相及。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】转折词but是突破口 | |
| 答案:A | 考查点:副词辨析。 |
| 他们辩称肉可以吃,这点上来说对动物“依然”是显示友好。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案: D | 考查点:形容词辨析。 |
| 俗话说“做贼心虚”,偷东西正常人么应有“犯罪感”,即感到犯了罪(guilty)。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案: B | 考查点:分词辨析。 |
| poor(贫穷)一般都与饥寒交迫有关,同现的应是starving(挨饿)。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案:C | 考查点:动词辨析。 |
| 由因果关系可知,“规章制度有助于我们和睦相处,因为规章制度告诉我们‘对待’他人的正确方式”。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】 | |
| 答案: B | 考查点:形容词辨析。 |
| 由最后一句“that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones…”可知,规章制度也可能是“令人困惑的”。 | |
| 结论:【此处为利用context“抄”答案】however是一个转折词 | |
| 答案:C | 考查点:动词辨析。 |
| 既然不同学校的规章不同,那么该由谁来“评判”什么是正确的呢?predict 预测、explain解释、consider 考虑都不对 | |
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。
Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16 (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row.
20 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, 22 made her feel like a star.
“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do. Then he took 25 off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool”.
16. wearing 考查点:非谓语动词。
因同一句话已有一个谓语动词appeared,无并列连词连接动词wear构成并列谓语,此时它应是非谓语动词,作状语,表示伴随情况;又因he与wear是主动关系,故用现在分词。
【小技巧】:可以采用“N-1理论”来定位动词具体形式,N代表谓语动词,有N个谓语动词就有N-1个连词,反之,也可以通过连词个数推出谓语动词个数。此题无连词,即N=1,谓语动词个数是1,其他任何动词形式只能采用非谓语动词。
17. had bought 考查点:动词时态
有连词 as if在主格人称代词he后,很显然是作谓语;又因他不可能买下了这个学校,故应用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,故填had bought。
【小技巧】:动词时态题注重在意思理解,根据句子具体意思定位句子时态,注意虚拟语气在各类从句的运用。
18. pleased 考查点:非谓语动词
在系动词felt后作表语,用形容词,表示“高兴的”(人自己觉得高兴)。
【小技巧】:分词作形容词区别:现在分词表示人或物令人让人怎么样,如an interesting story;过去分词表示人或者物自己觉得怎么样I am inerested in the story。
19. the 考查点:冠词
看到last这个词特指最后的那一排,故用定冠词。
【小技巧】:定冠词用在序数词前,也用在表示序列的next,last等前
20. If 考查点:状语从句连词
因he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子,两个句子无连词,必定是填关联词;根据两句之间的逻辑关系,得出是一个条件状语从句,应填表示条件的连词if(如果,要是)。
【小技巧】:从句判断,可以总结为三看,看位置、看功能、看意思;通过断句正确判断从句类型之后可以根据具体从句意思得出连词。
21. harder 考查点:形容词比较级
根据句子结构分析hard作宾补依然是要用形容词,所以可不作词类转换,可考虑比较级;另句中a little修饰比较级harder,表示“更难一点”。
【小技巧】:关于形容词正确形式选择要注意修饰词。修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot,
22. which 考查点:定语从句连词
本句有两个谓语动词缺连词,考虑填空处为连词,引导非性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子,充当从句主语,故填which。
【小技巧】关于断句,1、可以先找句子里的谓语动词,本句made显然为谓语动词,从句缺主语;2、注意句子里标点符合的运用,本句从句前有逗号,可以判断为非性定语从句
23. for 考查点:介词搭配
如果表示某个动词或状态延续了多久,通常用“for +时间段”。
【小技巧】平时要注意常见介词搭配积累
24. what 考查点:名词性从句连词
Wonder为及物动词后直接跟的成分应该为宾语,一个句子充当宾语故可判断为宾语从句, 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语,故用连接代词what。
【小技巧】what可以引导名词性从句,在从句中可做主语、宾语、表语。一般指代内容
25. them 考查点:代词
根据代替前面的those glasses,此处作took off的宾语,用人称代词的宾格them。
【小技巧】代词选择要关注文章上下文尤其是前后句的指代。
