
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
A Guide to the University
Food
The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.
If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.
Relaxation
The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.
Health
Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.
Transportation
The TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and 3 pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.
(1)What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?
A. Do homework and watch TV B. Have meals and meet with friends
C. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts D. Add money to your ID and play chess
(2)Where and when can you cook your own food?
A. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday. B. The Lower Café, Sunday.
C. The Globe, Friday. D. The Mattson Centre, Saturday.
(3)The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre _________.
A. gives advice on mental health B. offers services free of charge
C. trains students in medical care D. is open six days a week
【答案】(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一则应用文.介绍了大学部分服务项目的情况。一是介绍了自助餐厅、咖啡馆,它们营业的项目及时间、地点等.二是可以让学生放松娱乐的地方,可以在这里自己做饭,组织一些活动等.三是关于健康保健卫生,学生可以去咨询有关健康保健的问题.四是学术支持中心.学生有什么写作、语法、词汇或其他学术问题可以填表登记预约.五是学校有班车来回接送学生往来于学校和商场之间,很是方便。
(1)考查细节理解。根据 Food部分中的“It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals”可知在餐厅里你可以用餐;以及“This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.”可知在餐厅中的Gouglas Centre,学生可以进行演唱会,玩游戏等,也就是说在这里你可以和你的朋友见面。故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。根据 Relaxation部分中的“The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating.”可知在the Globe人们可以自己做饭的。以及“Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.”可知周日关门,其余时间开放。故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。根据 Health部分中的“A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.”可知在the Wellness Centre里,医生和护士会给你一些健康方面的建议。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生准确捕捉细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
There are lots of ways to educate yourself on the Internet. You can find photos, documents, and films on almost any topic you can imagine. And at www.ted.com, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.
TED began in 1984 as a conference that brought together individuals from the fields of technology, entertainment and design. It was intended to be a one-time event focusing on technology and design. The event ended up losing money, and it was six years before the founders tried it again. This time it worked, and since 1990, the TED conference has been an annual event. There are now two held every year, with topics as diverse as music, medicine, and money. Other specialized spin-off conferences address narrower issues.
The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to "offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers," as the website puts it. The current version of the site was launched in April 2007, and contains videos of talks given at the TED conferences around the world. The talks are transcribed into hundreds of languages.
The TED website is owned by the Sapling Foundation, a non profit devoted to fostering the spread of great ideas. The Sapling foundation acquired TED in 2001. Since then, it has been focusing on using TED to broadcast ideas that might change the world.
TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices (more than 6,000 dollars total). It's been accused by a few people of censorship for not publishing their talks. One controversial speaker was upset about being criticized by the conference's host afterward.
The complaints, however, seem to be relatively few for such a large, long-running organization. And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website. Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.
(1)What is the main topic of the article?
A.The case against TED
B.What's on TED today.
C.Pros and cons of www.ted.com.
D.What is TED
(2)Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.The TED conference came after the success of www.ted.com.
B.Two TED conferences are now held every year.
C.TED talks are available in many languages.
D.The Sapling Foundation owns www.ted.com.
(3)From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.
A.it is accepted to all involved that some TED talks might not be published
B.the host of the conference is one who plays a supportive role to the speakers
C.TED is criticized for giving special treatment to the wealthy or powerful
D.the negative comments on TED greatly affects its reputation
(4)This author probably believes that________.
A.TED is elitist
B.TED is beneficial
C.TED isn't important
D.TED is the best website
【答案】 (1)D
(2)A
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。
(1)考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“And at www.ted.com, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.”在www.ted.com,你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。以及以下几个段落的内容,可知这篇文章的主题是“TED是什么”,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to ‘offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers,’ as the website puts it.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望,用网站的话说,就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。可知,“TED大会是在www.ted.com网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误,故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices.”当然,TED也免不了受到批评。它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义;以及最后一段中的“And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时,精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。可推断出,TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评,故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.”不管它的缺点是什么,TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。可推断出,这位作者可能认为TED是有益的,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
When my sister Mertie told me she had put out tomato plants last summer, I was quite impressed.
Since she was a garden-beginner, Mertie researched exactly how far apart to space her tomato plants; what kind of fertilizer to use; how to keep away the bugs, etc. Once they were planted, she took care of them daily, anxiously awaiting the juicy tomatoes to appear. But, day after day, her plants were tomato-less while all of her neighbors who had also put out tomato plants were already enjoying the fruit of their labor.
Frustrated, Mertie gave in and went to the market to search fresh tomatoes. While paying, Mertie told the farmer her troubles. The farmer paused to think for a moment and then asked, "Well, what kind of tomatoes did you plant?"
"I think they were called Big Boy," Mertie remembered.
"Well there's your problem," the farmer explained. "Big Boy and Better Boy tomatoes have a 95-day growing period whereas regular tomato plants produce fruit in as few as 70 days…you just have to wait a little longer for the Big Boys."
With that new knowledge, Mertie went home with excitement, knowing they would be worth the wait.
Thinking about my sister's gardening experience, I had to smile. She just didn't know that Big Boy tomatoes took longer--neither did I — but once she discovered that information, she was no longer discouraged and upset about the lack of tomatoes on her plants. Instead, she was encouraged and excited to see them a few weeks later.
It makes me wonder how many of us have "Big Boy" dreams in our hearts, yet we just don't realize that they are of the "Big Boy" variety so we are discouraged and worn out with the waiting process. Instead of waiting with excitement, we give up on our dreams and figure we must have done something wrong to stop them from coming to pass. Frustrated, we see other people's dreams coming true, and we wonder why ours haven't yet been achieved.
(1)What is not mentioned in the passage when growing tomato plants?
A. Using suitable fertilizer. B. Keeping them well apart.
C. Watering them regularly. D. Controlling pests on them.
(2)Why did Mertie's tomato plants fail to produce at the expected time?
A. Because they were destroyed by her neighbors. B. Because she grew the wrong kind of tomatoes.
C. Because she didn't manage the garden well. D. Because they required more time to produce.
(3)What does the author compare tomatoes to in the text?
A. Goals. B. Experiences. C. Time. D. Imagination.
(4)What does the text intend to show us?
A. It's better late than never. B. A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
C. Success sometimes needs a little patience. D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
【答案】(1)C
(2)D
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者讲述了妹妹种西红柿的故事,告诉读者要实现梦想,有时需要耐心等待。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mertie researched exactly how far apart to space her tomato plants; what kind of fertilizer to use; how to keep away the bugs, etc.”可知Mertie给她种的西红柿分苗、施肥和控制害虫。没有提到浇水,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Big Boy and Better Boy tomatoes have a 95-day growing period whereas regular tomato plants produce fruit in as few as 70 days…you just have to wait a little longer for the Big Boys.”可知Mertie 种植的西红柿品种Big Boy比一般西红柿生长需要的时间长,所以还需要一段时间才能成熟。故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It makes me wonder how many of us have ‘Big Boy’ dreams in our hearts, ……Instead of waiting with excitement, we give up on our dreams and……we see other people's dreams coming true, ……”可知我们内心有许多梦想,但没有意识到梦想的变化,在等待过程中我们可能遇到挫折后放弃梦想。作者在文中把西红柿比作了梦想和目标,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。妹妹精心种西红柿,但别人的西红柿成熟时自己的不行,当想放弃时才知道西红柿品种不一样,成熟时间不一样。作者通过这件事告诉我们要实现梦想,有时需要耐心等待。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
4.阅读理解
A call came into Jimmy Gilleece's bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at his bar, couldn't find her wallet. She didn't care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside.
Gilleece, 42, didn't like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he determined to find the wallet. He spent hours on videos from surveillance (监控) cameras, watching the woman's every step in the bar. Within minutes, a young man approached the bar, put something in his pocket, and walked off.
Gilleece posted a clip (视频片段) on the bar's page to find out who the young man was. Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Rivers Prather, who said he'd done it because he hadn't eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.
Gilleece told the teen to meet him at the docks (码头). There they talked a lot and Gilleece knew that Prather was from a poor family. Seeing the teenager's small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.
Gilleece decided to help the kid. He hired two local divers to search the waters where the wallet had been thrown. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilleece grew worried. And then a diver popped up. In his hand was the wallet, and inside was the ring. When Gilleece called the wallet's owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring.
(1)What did the woman value most in her wallet?
A.Her ID.
B.Her credit cards.
C.Her money.
D.Her wedding ring.
(2)What did Prather do after getting the wallet?
A.He kept the ring.
B.He spent the money in it.
C.He threw it in a dustbin.
D.He returned it to the owner.
(3)Why did Gilleece help Prather?
A.To teach the child a lesson.
B.To meet the customer's demand.
C.To save the forgivable child.
D.To win back the reputation of his bar.
(4)What would happen to Prather next?
A.He would be sent to prison.
B.He would not be accused by the woman.
C.He would get a job in Gilleece's bar.
D.He would live a better life ever after.
【答案】 (1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,Jimmy Gilleece的酒吧中一位女士丢失了钱包,钱包里有她最珍视的结婚戒指。Jimmy Gilleece找到了捡到钱包的年轻人Rivers Prather,但是Rivers Prather拿了钱包里的钱将钱包丢进了海里。Gilleece觉得Prather只是个孩子,于是决定帮助他,最终找到了戒指,Prather也被撤销了指控。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“She didn't care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside. ”她不在乎她的身份证、信用卡或150美元现金——但她的结婚戒指在里面,可知那位妇女最珍视钱包里的结婚戒指。故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. ”他说他看到了戒指,但认为是假的,所以他拿了钱,把钱包扔进了大海,可知Prather得到钱包后,他把里面的钱花了。故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Seeing the teenager's small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.”看到这个少年的小个子,Gilleece觉得他更像个孩子,而不是罪犯。然而,因为丢失戒指,Prather可能会被关进监狱,可知Gilleece帮助Prather是因为他认为Prather是个可原谅的孩子。故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“When Gilleece called the wallet's owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring.”当Gilleece打电话给钱包的主人时,她哭了起来,并立即撤销了对Prather偷戒指的指控)可知接下来Prather不会被那个女人指控。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
5.阅读理解
Amazon Best Sellers: Best Books
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In his book, former FBI director James Comey shares his never-before-told experiences from some of the highest-risk situations of his career in the past two decades of American government, exploring what good, ethical(道德的)leadership looks like, and how it drives sound decisions. His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes an effective leader.
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12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos- January 23, 2018 by Jordan B. Peterson
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How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren
With half a million copies in print, How to Read a Book is the best and most successful guide to reading comprehension for the general reader, completely rewritten and updated with new material. Originally published in 1940, this book is a rare phenomenon, a living classic that introduces and clarifies the various levels of reading and how to achieve them-from elementary reading, through systematic skimming and inspectional reading, to speed reading.
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Paperback $10.19
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(1)If you want to become an effective leader, you can try ________.
A. How to Read a Book B. Everybody, Always C. 12 Rules for Life D. A Higher Loyalty
(2)What do we know about How to Read a Book?
A. It is written by Mortimer J. Adler. B. It is completely the same as the original one.
C. It has been published since 1940. D. There are many other books similar to it.
(3)We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. All the four books are paperbacks. B. Paperbacks are cheaper than hardbacks.
C. Jordan D. Peterson is the former FBI director.
【答案】(1)D
(2)C
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了亚马逊最畅销的几种书。
(1)考查细节理解。根据A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership-April 17, 2018 by James Comey部分中的“His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes an effective leader.”可知如果你想要成为一个有效的领导,你可以尝试A Higher Loyalty,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。根据How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren部分中的“Originally published in 1940”可知How to Read a Book最初于1940年出版,故选C。
(3考查)常识理解。平装本比精装本价格要便宜,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和常识理解两个题型的考查,是一篇广告类阅读,要求考生朱雀掌握细节信息,结合题目要求,选出正确答案。
6.阅读理解
Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:
Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.
Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.
Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.
(1)What is Scientist B worried about?
A. AI technology will destroy the earth. B. Computers can't think by themselves.
C. Robots will take the place of humans. D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.
(2)What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots. B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.
C. “Murderbots” can't decide by themselves. D. “Murderbots” will be against humans' orders.
(3)Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?
A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop. B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.
C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars. D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.
(4)Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?
A. Scientist A B. Scientist B C. Scientists B & C D. Scientists B & A
【答案】(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”可知,科学家B担心机器人会代替人类,造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。
(2)考查代词指代。由画线句上文内容可知,自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令,这将决定谁杀死谁,因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令,这将是非常不道德的,非常危险的。故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知,机器人的发展会代替人类工作,造成人类失业。故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知,科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多;根据第三段中的“there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知,科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
7.阅读理解
Regardless of how far we'd like to believe gender(性别) equality in the workplace has come, there's still a yawning gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. A 2018 statistic shows that women nowadays hold just 5.8 percent of CEOs positions at S&P 500 companies, according to Catalyst.
While it's not a huge shock that women are somewhat underrepresented in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.
In their research,Professor yvind L. Martinsen and Professor Lars Glas surveyed (调查)2,900 managers with a special focus on personality types. The results were clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.
While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women — this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to communicate clearly.
There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The results suggest that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.
Obviously,it's important to consider individual(个人的) differences. Anyone, regardless of gender, may be an inspiring leader and a competent boss. But next time you're hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes(简历) from female candidates a harder look.
(1)What makes us shocked much at leadership positions?
A. Women are worse than men. B. Men take almost all high positions.
C. There is a huge gap between genders. D. Women might behave better in every field.
(2)Which of the following can best replace the underlined word ''inherently” in paragraph 4?
A. properly B. potentially C. naturally D. normally
(3)Which of the following may be the best title of this text?
A. How We Can Figure Out The Boss. B. Why Women Are Better Than Men.
C. Why Women Make The Best Bosses. D. How We Can Tell Gender Difference.
(4)Who might have special interest in this article?
A. Job hunters. B. Employers. C. Employees. D. Male bosses.
【答案】(1)D
(2)C
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,在工作领域男性领导人和女性领导人地位存在不平等现象,作者指出在领导位置上,女性可能在各个领域表现更好,倡议雇主在招聘领导岗位员工时应多考虑女性。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.”可知让人惊讶的是,在领导位置上,女性可能在各个领域表现更好。故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women”可知人们认为男性自然能成为更好的领导者,划线词是自然地。故选C。
(3)考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的“this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to communicate clearly.”可知本调了女性在管理层的地位,因此“为什么女性是最好的老板”符合题意。故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But next time you're hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes(简历) from female candidates a harder look.”下次你雇佣管理岗位员工时,得知雇主们会对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
8.阅读理解
Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.
New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.
The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.
(1)Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India.
B.The government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution.
C.Such a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis.
D.The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.
(2)Who may not complain about the serious air pollution?
A.The parents whose children have to stay at home.
B.The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed.
C.The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks.
D.The officials who have to work out of their offices.
(3)Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5?
A.Sent out.
B.Sent up.
C.Sent in.
D.Sent on.
(4)The title of the passage should be .
A.Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi
B.Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi
C.Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi
D.Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble
【答案】 (1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动,城市规模的扩大,印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然发誓解决污染问题,但由于污染严重,整个新德里处于危险的污染中,人们必须戴防污口罩,冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾,成为世界是污染最严重的城市。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平,笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件,尽管誓言要解决这个问题;第五段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.” 新德里每年都会被污染吞没,随着天气变冷,汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘,以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾,都会形成浓雾。庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达,使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市;以及第四段中的“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。可知,尽管发誓解决这种污染,但情况不仅没有改变,反而更加严重,使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判断出几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期间,由于能见度低,数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消,学校和办公室周一关闭,们紧急采取措施,试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。由此可知,由于污染严重,学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产 ,是不会抱怨的,故选C。
(3)考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。因为天气变冷,从汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。根据常识可知,汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动,城市规模的扩大,印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然发誓解决污染问题,但周末的能见度低,数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消,学校和办公室周一关闭,人们必须戴防污口罩,可知,新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是环保类阅读,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
9.阅读理解
Basic information about three classical movies
1 Forrest Gump
"Stupid is as stupid does," says Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for a bus. Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century... (Click here to show more)
Rating: PG-13 (Under 13 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance
Directed By: Robert Zemeckis
Written By: Eric Roth
In Theaters: Jul 6, 1994 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Aug 28, 2001
Box Office: $ 330,000,000
Runtime: 142 minutes
Studio: Paramount Pictures
2 Rain Man
Self-centered, avaricious Californian Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) is informed that his long-estranged father has died. Expecting at least a portion of the elder Babbitt's $ 3 million estate, Charlie learns that all he's inherited is his dad's prize roses and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster. Discovering that the $ 3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party, Charlie heads to his home town of Cincinnati to ascertain who that party is…(Click here to show more)
Rating: R(Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: Drama
Directed By: Barry Levinson
Written By: Ronald Bass, Barry Morrow, David Rayfiel, Barry Levinson
In Theaters: Dec 16, 1988 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Jan 1, 2000
Runtime: 133 minutes
Studio: MGM
3 The Shawshank Redemption
In 1946, a banker named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is convicted of a double murder, even though he stubbornly proclaims his innocence. He's sentenced to a life term at the Shawshank State Prison in Maine, where another lifer, Ellis "Red" Redding (Morgan Freeman), picks him as the new recruit most likely to crack under the pressure. But... (Click here to show more)
Rating: R (Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: A Prison Drama
Directed By: Frank Darabont
Written By: Frank Darabont
In Theaters: Sep 10, 1994 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Jan 27, 1998
Runtime: 142 minutes
Studio: Columbia Pictures
(1)Who is the director of Rain Man?
A.Frank Darabont.
B.Barry Morrow.
C.Barry Levinson
D.Robert Zemeckis.
(2)The type of The Shawshank Redemption is .
A.prison drama
B.romance
C.love
D.comedy
(3)Which of the following persons is regarded to be unintelligent in the three movies?
A.Andy Dufresne.
B.Charlie Babbitt.
C.Forrest Gump.
D.Rain Man.
【答案】 (1)C
(2)A
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了三部经典电影的基本情况。这三部电影是《阿甘正传》、《雨人》和《肖申克的救赎》。
(1)考查细节理解。根据Rain Man部分中的“Directed By: Barry Levinson”可知,Rain Man的导演是Barry Levinson。故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。根据The Shaw shank Redemption部分中的“Genre: A Prison Drama,”可知,The Shaw shank Redemption电影的体裁是A Prison Drama监狱剧,故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据 Forrest Gump部分中的"‘Stupid is as stupid does,’says Forrest Gump ... Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life.“傻人有傻福”阿甘(Forrest Gump)的饰演者汤姆·汉克斯说...。尽管他(阿甘)的智商低于正常水平,阿甘过着一种真正令人神往的生活。可知,阿甘的智力不高,所以不聪明。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
10.阅读理解
Dogs love to get out and stretch their legs, which not only helps to keep them in shape, but enables them to keep the extra pounds off. Pet hiking has been popular recently, getting dogs off the sidewalk.
Three years ago, Denver resident Brittany Redding was stressed out, working 60 hours a week while studying in graduate school full-time. The only thing that helped was taking her four dogs hiking. "That's when it hit me that I should do that as a job." she says. After graduating in June 2016, she founded Take a Hike. Her company, like a number of others around the country, takes dogs to explore beyond the neighborhood.
Before taking on the tracks, Brittany meets with each dog and his or her owner to get a sense of the pet's character. Then she schedules a meet-and-greet with other dogs that will join the hike to be sure to match their personalities. Each hiking is about two hours long and includes transportation to and from the track for around $70 per outing. "Hiking allows dogs lo meet new friends and explore new tracks, smells, and wildlife," she explains.
Michael Mizenko thinks sending his pet, Ajax, on weekly hikes with Take a Hike has made Ajax a happier dog. Over the past two years, hiking has taught Ajax how to stay off pavement, be more social and remain calm in the car. "It has made him a flexible easygoing guy." Michael says.
(1)Why has pet hiking been popular in these days?
A.Dogs strongly desire their owners to go hiking.
B.Animal health specialists recommend people to do it.
C.It is beneficial for pets' shape and health.
D.The owner's house is not big enough for dogs.
(2)What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?
A.Why Brittany founded Take a Hike.
B.How hard the study life of Brittany was.
C.Take a Hike is very popular in the neighborhood.
D.Dog hiking has brought great enjoyment to Brittany.
(3)What does Brittany want to make sure before taking her customers' dogs to go hiking?
A.The distance of the track.
B.The character of each dog.
C.The environment of the track.
D.The emotions of both dogs and their owners.
(4)How often does Michael Mizenko send his pet to hike with Take a Hike?
A.Every day.
B.Once a week.
C.Twice a week.
D.Every other week.
【答案】 (1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,宠物徒步旅行变得很流行,这对宠物的身形和健康有好处。丹佛居民Brittany Redding创立了Take a Hike公司,专门负责带着宠物狗去徒步旅行。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Dogs love to get out and stretch their legs, which not only helps to keep them in shape, but enables them to keep the extra pounds off. Pet hiking has been popular recently, getting dogs off the sidewalk.”狗喜欢到外面伸展腿部,这不仅有助于保持体形,还可以减少多余的体重。因此带宠物徒步旅行变得很流行的原因在于它对宠物的身形和健康有好处。故选C。
(2)考查段落大意。根据第二段“Three years ago, Denver resident Brittany Redding was stressed out, working 60 hours a week while studying in graduate school full-time. The only thing that helped was taking her four dogs hiking. ‘That's when it hit me that I should do that as a job.’ she ways. After graduating in June 2016, she founded Take a Hike. Her company, like a number of others around the country, takes dogs to explore beyond the neighborhood.”可知,三年前丹佛居民Brittany Redding在全日制研究生院学习的同时每周还要工作60个小时,这使她感到压力重重。只有一件事能够让她感到放松:带她的四只狗徒步旅行。就在那时她想到她应该把带狗徒步旅行当作自己的工作。于是 2016年6月毕业后,她创立了Take a Hike公司。因此第二段主要谈论的是Brittany Redding创立Take a Hike公司的原因。故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Before taking on the tracks, Brittany meets with each dog and his or her owner to get a sense of the pet's character.”可知,在开始徒步旅行之前,Brittany与每只狗及其主人见面以了解宠物的性格。即Brittany要在带上顾客的狗去远足之前了解每只狗的性格。故选B。
(4)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Michael Mizenko thinks sending his pet, Ajax, on weekly hikes with Take a Hike has made Ajax a happier dog.”可知,Michael Mizenko认为,每周一次的徒步旅行使他的宠物Ajax变得更快乐。因此Michael Mizenko每周将宠物送到Take a Hike公司参加一次徒步旅行。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
