在英语阅读文章中,出现结构复杂的句子在所难免,长难句一般分为主从复合句,割裂句,省略句,倒装句等。但常见的一般是含有插入成分的类型,以及含多个连接词的从句, 我们只要掌握一定的方法,难句子也会变得简单。
类型一: 含有插入成分
2021高考
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower.
The lack of right male role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.
类型二: 含有多个从属连词
(2020高考)
According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by American’s need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline.
While a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that he didn’t know that his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
类型三: 含有从属连词和并列连词
(2020高考)
Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
长难句分析方法
方法一:较复杂单句的处理方法 —找主谓语,即找主干成分
① However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.
此句的主语为many scientists,主语里面包含了一个由who引导的定语从句。主句有两个谓语,即are doubtful和say,say后面又包含了一个宾语从句。
② Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
此句的主语为some companies,有两个谓语,即have made和emphasize,their main selling point 是宾语补足语
③At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.
此句的主语为a microcomputer,也有两个谓语,即locks 和sets
方法二:并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
① The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing.
本句话中有两个主语,the hot sun 和 fermenting yeast,分别有自己的谓语had cause ,made,是由and 连接的两个并列句
② Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.
本句话中也有两个主语,Miss Germaine’s mother 和 Mr. Cordell’s parents,分别有自己的谓语looked ,are reported,也是由and 连接的两个并列句
方法三:主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
① Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
whereas引导了一个从句,即 a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave afailing marriage, 而it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriagewas in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。
方法四:并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法
——先读懂并列复合句,再看主从复合句
If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
(2)意群阅读法
意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度,而且有利于对句子的整体理解。例如:
When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other①, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield② with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters③.
分析:①是状语从句,
②是主句,
③是with引导的介词短语作状语,修饰谓语。这样,把整个句子划为4个意群,可以大大提高阅读速度。