
第一单元 A课
II. Text Learning
Critical Reading
① (1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts
forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active
reading. It involves more than just(不只是,不仅仅是) understanding what an author is
saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is
saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are
the things you should do to be a critical reader.(启下句)
本部分重点及难点:
隐藏重难点解析
1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts
forth a position or seeks to make a statement.
apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.
apply的派生词:application, applicant, applicable
② Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was
written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. (2)Or, you
may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than
yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any
differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the
author.
本部分重点及难点:
隐藏重难点解析
2. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time
context than yours.
some time
注意区分:sometime / sometimes / some times
3. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences
between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.
不论哪种情况,你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
those是代词,代替前面的复数名词values and attitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如:
The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.
The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.
Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.
The price of that book is higher than that of this one.
请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!【单选题】1. The necklace her sister is wearing is much more
beautiful than ______ worn by Mary.A. thisB. thatC. theseD.
those【答案】B【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用those;代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace,故选A。此处that也可以换成the
one。【知识点】指代词those/that的用法
③ Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face
value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides
sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and
statistics that provide support.(承上句) Also, look to see if the author has
integrated the work of authorities.
④ Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. (4)Look to see
that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the
subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author
provides for the inconsistencies. (承上句)
本部分重点及难点:
隐藏重难点解析
4. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written
about the subject.
be consistent with 与……一致
consist vi. 组成(of);在于(in);符合(with)
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
This doesn't consist with what you told me earlier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。
consist的派生词:consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency
请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!【单选题】2. To tell you the truth, I really hope that your
actions will consist ______ your words this time.A. ofB. inC. atD.
with【答案】D【解析】本题考查consist的用法。consist of意为"由……组成";consist in意为"在于";consist
with意为"与……一致",故选D。consist at不存在。该句的意思是"说实话,我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。【知识点】consist的用法
⑤ Analyze assumptions made by the author. (5)Assumptions are whatever the author
must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's
assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order
to identify any assumptions.(承上启下句) Once you identify an assumption, you must
decide whether or not the assumption is valid.
⑥ Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the
sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author
is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the
sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is
poetry.(承上句) Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current
state, be sure that the sources are current(启下句). For example, studies done by
Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is
discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.
⑦ Identify any possible author bias. (6)A written discussion of American
politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer
is a Democrat or a Republican. (7)What is written may very well reflect a biased
position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the
author has written with "a grain of salt."
⑧ By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change
your views as appropriate.
本部分重点及难点:
隐藏重难点解析
5. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make
assertions.
whatever引导的是表语从句,不能换成no matter what。名词性从句(主语,宾语,表语,同位语从句)中,"疑问词ever"不能换成"no
matter+疑问词",状语从句中可以换用。例如:
Whoever comes to our party is welcome. (不能换成no matter who…)
He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help. (不能换)
He will buy whatever his son wants. (不能换)
Whatever you do, I will support you. (能换成no matter what…)
6. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably
different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.
likely 在该句中是副词
likely adj. / adv.
be likely to do sth.
It's likely that…
a likely result
Profit will most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。(副词)
likely的派生词:unlikely, likelihood。例如:
The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性极小。
7. What is written may very well reflect a biased position.
a biased position
be biased to/toward(s)/against
反义词:unbiased
B课
II. Text Learning
The Language of Confidence
1 The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a
great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use
the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our
quality of life.
2 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious
mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference
between what really happens and what you imagine. (1)It is eager to please and
willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this
knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
"Try"
3 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says,
"I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole
heart into it, and may not even do it at all. (2)How often do you use the word
try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be
more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?
4 Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself
in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to …" and notice how you feel.
Next say, "I will do …" and see how you feel.
5 (3)The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives
you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the
people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not.
Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.(承上句)
本部分重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
1. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it
- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
它渴望取悦,乐意听从你给它的任何命令,而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。 (1) carry out commands 执行命令 (2) be up to
sb. 取决于某人 例如:It's up to you whether we go there or not. 2. How often do you use
the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? matter v. be
important 例如:As long as staff are smart, it does not matter how long their hair
is. 员工只要聪明,头发留多长没什么关系。 It matters a lot whether you come to my birthday party or
not. 3. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? the
former…the latter…
"Can't"
6 This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel
weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. (4)It limits our infinite
abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and
replace it with something that makes you feel great.
本部分重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
4. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. (1)
infinite的词根是finite,其它相关词:finitely, infinitely, finiteness/finity,
infiniteness/infinity。 (2) creativity的词根是create。注意区分两个名词:creation / creativity。
请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!【单选题】3. 选择括号内所给单词的正确形式填空:A small word like "can't" limits
our ______ (finite) abilities and discourages _______(create).A. finite,
creatingB. finite, creationC. infinite, creativityD. infinite,
creation【答案】C【解析】本题考查finite及create的派生词。第一个空格要填的词作abilities的定语,故选择形容词;第二个空格要填的词作discourage的宾语,根据句义"can't这样的小词了我们无限的能力并压制了我们的创造性",故选C。【知识点】finite及create的派生词
7 Instead of saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose(愿意) …" or "I
choose not to …". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and
to be in control of your life.
8 Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting
effect on us. (5)Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever
life you desire.
9 What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you
commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. (承上句)
(6)Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about
yourself, but about life and what you are doing!(承上句)
本部分重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
5. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you
desire.give … the power相当于empower,该句等于Mastering your language empowers you to
live whatever life you desire.6. Make these alternatives words that make you
feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好,而且使你对生活、对你所做的事情感觉无限美好吧!(1) make在这里接名词作宾补,即make sb. / sth.
sth.,再如:We made him our monitor.(2) make you feel fabulous,make接do sth.作宾补。(3)
not only…but (also)…
II. Text Learning
Spilt Milk
① Have you heard of the story about split milk? (1)Well, we all know there is no
use crying over split milk. But this story is different. I would hope all
parents would respond in this manner.
② I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist(研究科学家,高级研究员) who
had made several very important medical breakthroughs. (2)He was interviewed by
a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the
average person; what set him so far apart from others?
③ He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his
mother that occurred when he was about two years old. (3)He had been trying to
riove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the
slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor -
a veritable sea of milk!
④ When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a
lecture, or punishing him, she said," (4)Robert, what a great and wonderful mess
you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage
has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few
minutes before we clean it up?"
⑤ Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said,"You know, Robert,
whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and
restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We
could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?" he chose the sponge
and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.
⑥ His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in
how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in
the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way
to carry it without dropping it." (5)The little boy learned that if he grasped
the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without
dropping it. What a wonderful lesson! (承上总结句)
⑦ (6)The renowned scientist riarked that it was at that moment that he knew he
didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. (7)Instead, he learned that mistakes
were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what
scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment "doesn't work," we
usually learn something valuable from it.
⑧ (8)Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert's mother
responded to him?
本文重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
1. Well, we all know there is no use crying over split milk.There / It is no use
crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。2. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who
asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him
so far apart from others?(1) who asked why … from others定语从句,修饰先行词a newspaper
reporter。(2) why he was so much more creative than the average person和what set
him so far apart from others都是ask的直接宾语。(3) the average person 普通人(4) set him so
far apart from others 使他特别有别于他人,使他和别人有很大不同。far在这里是副词,加强程度。注意区分:so
far迄今为止,到目前为止。相当于by now, up to now, as yet。So far he has mastered five foreign
languages.3. He had been trying to riove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator
when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents
all over the kitchen floor - a veritable sea of milk!
他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶,却没有抓住光滑的瓶子,瓶子掉了,牛奶洒得厨房满地都是--白花花的一片。4. Robert, what a great and
wonderful mess you have made! 感叹句。注意what和how的区别:What a slower walker he is!How
slowly he is walking!5. The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at
the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.(1)
graspthe bottle at the topv.+sb./sth.+介词+the +身体部位/衣服(2) without dropping
it作状语。再如:Tom left without saying good-bye.He ran out (without) saying a good.6.
The renowned scientist riarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't
need to be afraid to make mistakes.宾语从句是强调结构it
was…that…。注意区分强调结构和it作形式主语或普通代词的结构。例如:It was in this park that they first met
each other.It was this park where/in which they first met each other.It is
important that we learn a foreign language well.7. Instead, he learned that
mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after
all, what scientific experiments are all about. 相反,他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会,毕竟任何科学实验都是如
此。8. Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert's mother
responded to him?该句是个反问句,相当于语气很强烈的肯定句。(1) the way Robert's mother responded to
him作状语,相当于in the way …。再如:He learned money was not everything the hard way.(2)
the way sb. does/did sth.某人做某事的方式I like the way she dresses herself.People don't
the way he talks.
II. Text Learning
The Cake
1 Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before
midnight.
2 "They should be home any time now," she thought as she put the finishing
touches(最后润色,收尾工作) on the chocolate cake she was frosting. (1)It was the first
time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be
honest, it wasn't exactly an aesthetic triumph. The cake was … well, lumpy. And
the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of
course, she had.
本部分重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
1. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from
scratch, …注意本句的时态。It / This / That will be the first time they have met each
other.It / This / That is the third time he has seen an English film.It / This /
That was the last time he had done such a strange thing.
请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!【单选题】4. They will go to America next month. That will be
the first time that they ______ America. A. will visitB. had visitedC. will
have visitedD. have visited【答案】D【解析】本题考查重要结构It / That / This be the 1st / 2nd /
… time
that…中的时态。该句型要注意时态的一致。即:主句为一般将来或一般现在时,从句用现在完成时;主句为一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。本句中主句为一般将来时,故选择D。【知识点】重要结构It
/ That / This be the 1st / 2nd / … time that…中的时态
3 And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine a huge blender filled
with all the fixings for chocolate cake - including the requisite bowls, pans
and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on. High speed. With the
lid off. Do you get the idea?
4 But Cindy wasn't thinking about the mess. She had created something, a
veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. (2)She
was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present
her anniversary gift to thi. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited
excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights,
she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. (3)By the time she heard the key
sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.
5 (4)Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that.
She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: "Ta-daaa!" She gestured
grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance two-layer
chocolate cake awaited their inspection.
6 But her mother's eyes never made it all the way to the table. "Just look at
this mess!" she moaned. "How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up
after yourself?"
7 "But Mom, I was only …"
8 "I should make you clean this up right now, but I'm too tired to stay up with
you to make sure you get it done right," her mother said. (5) "So you'll do it
first thing in the morning."
本部分重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
2. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could
present her anniversary gift to thi.be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事3. By
the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to
exploding. 当听到钥匙插进门锁的声音时,她的心几乎要蹦出来了!4. Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but
Cindy would have none of that.would have none of it 不接受,不允许5. "So you'll do it
first thing in the morning."first thing in the morning早上第一件事He brushes his teeth
first thing in the morning every day.
9 "Honey," Cindy's father interjected gently, "take a look at the table."
10 "I know - it's a mess," his wife said coldly. "The whole kitchen is a
disaster. I can't stand to look at it." She stormed up the stairs and into her
room, slamming the door shut behind her.
11 (6) For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one
knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. "She
never saw the cake," she said.
本部分重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
6. For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing
what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red..neither one
knowing what to say 以及her eyes moist and
red都是主格结构,即:名词/代词+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式。再如:The teacher came in, (with) (a) book in
(his) hand.The monitor being ill, we have to postpone the meeting.His homework
(having been) finished, he decided to go to see a film.The workers having
finished all their tasks ahead of time, the boss decided to give thi a day
off.Weather permitting, we will go for a spring outing.So many people (being)
absent, the meeting has to be canceled.
请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!【单选题】5. Tom _______ the old man by the arm, they crossed
the street together slowly.A. leadingB. ledC. having ledD. having been
led【答案】A【解析】本题考查主格。Tom和lead构成主谓关系,lead表示主动含义,故选择现在分词。A和C同属现在分词形式,B和D同属过去分词(应排除)。C项表示lead这个动作先发生然后再发生cross
the street,显然不正确,是两个动作同时发生,故选A。该句的意思是"汤姆挽着老人的胳膊,他们一起慢慢过了街。"【知识点】主格
12 Unfortunately, Cindy's mother isn't the only parent who suffers from
Situational Timbercular Glaucoma(青光眼)- the occasional inability to see the
forest for the trees. (7)From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded
to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seis awfully important right
now, but isn't. Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are
troublesome, and they deserve their place among life's frustrations. But what's
a little mud - even on new carpet - compared to a child's self-estei? Is a lost
dollar more valuable than a youngster's ierging dignity? And while kitchen
sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and
relationships?
13 I'm not saying that our children don't need to learn responsibility, or to
occasionally suffer the painful consequences of their own bad choices. Those
lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must
never forget that we're not just teaching lessons - we're teaching
children.(承上启下句) That means t
here are times when we really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times
when we only need to see the cake.
本部分重点及难点:
显示重难点解析
7. From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term
significance by stuff that seis awfully important right now, but isn't.
由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情,我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。(分别指的是故事中的mess和cake)
