(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The father of English poetry.
Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
作品:
first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ③ ⑤ 二、William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚15~1616 playwright,poet 评价comments: Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature 莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森(Ben Johnson)--他不属于一个时代,而是属于。(He was not of an age, but for all time.) 作品: Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ;Richard II;Henry VIII Four Comedies: ③Four Tragedies: ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626 Bacon’s quote 1、knowledge is power 知识就是力量。 2、Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果,是容易腐烂而难保持的,世上有许多美人,她们有过放荡的青春,却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 3、Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 天生的能力好像天然生成的植物,必须通过学习加以修整;然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束,必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。 4、Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比宝石,在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。 评价 ⏹the founder of English materialist philosophy. ⏹The founder of modern science in England. ⏹a representative of the English renaissance. ⏹a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. Bacon’s works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction(归纳法)implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. (哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。) Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist. 马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父” Writing style: brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason. 作品: ③ ④ 十七世纪英国诗人 John Donne the Metaphysical poet(17世纪玄学派诗人) ⏹English poet, preacher ⏹He was the most outstanding of the English Metaphysical Poets 作品: ⏹Songs and Sonnets 《歌与十四行诗》 The Flea 《跳蚤》 The Good-Morrow 《早安》 Break of Day《破晓》 ⏹Epithalamions, or marriage songs 《颂歌》 ⏹Elegies 《挽歌》 On His Mistress To His Mistress Going to bed ⏹Divine poems 《圣歌》 ⏹Holy Sonnets 《神圣十四行诗》 At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corner, Below Death Be Not Proud Artistic features: 1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2.syllogism三段论 John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674 John Milton was an English poet, 政论家,polemicist (辩论家) He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost, which is considered as the greatest English literary epic. 评价: William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author". He remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance." 写作的3个主题: ❑Church government ❑Divorce ❑Republicanism 作品: ⏹1637:Lycidas 《利西达斯》 ⏹1650:Areopagitica 《为英国人民声辩》 ⏹1667: Paradise Lost 《失乐园》是无韵体 ⏹1671: Paradise Regained 《复乐园》 ⏹1671: Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best who can endure the suffering best. 冒险小说作家 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731 小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。He started The Review, a political and literary magazine in prison. 1704年,他创办《评论》杂志,这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。 评价: ⏹He is called “The Father of the English fiction”(英国小说之父) 考,填空 He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. 作品: The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记 It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. ② Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》 ③ Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》 ④ A Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年日记》 ⑤ Roxana 《罗克萨娜》 Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745 十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。 作品: A Tale of a Tub 《一只桶的故事》 The battle of the Books 《书籍之战》 The Drapier’s Letter 《布商来信》 A Modest Proposal 《一个温和的建议》 Gulliver‘s Travels 《格列佛游记》 Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 浪漫主义诗人一 William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827 ⏹Poet and Painter ⏹Engraver ⏹Developed own mythology/religion ⏹First major “Romantic” poet ⏹英国文学史上最复杂、最有个性的诗人之一 他打破了18世纪新古典主义的教条,用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活。 Features of his poems •1.use of simple language •2. serious, somber themes •3. lyrical beauty •4. symbolism •5. mysticism 常出现的主题: Good & evil Heaven & hell Knowledge & innocence External reality & inner 作品: Poetical Sketches 诗的素描 Songs of Innocence 天真之歌 a happy and innocent world from children’s eye. Include: The Book of Thel 塞尔书 ④The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂和地狱的结合 ⑤Songs of Experience 经验之歌 a word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: ⑥Visions of the Daughters of Albion 阿尔比昂的女儿们之幻想 ⑦The Song of Los 罗斯之歌 Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796 ●Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs, whose works are known and loved wherever the English language is read. ●是英国苏格兰著名的农民诗人。 ●The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 ① ② 一朵红红的玫瑰