非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要有:不定式,动词的–-ing形式,动词的—ed形式三种。它们没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语,状语等。
作用 | 动词不定式 | 动词-ing | 动词-ed | ||
一般式 | 表示动作通常与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。 | 主动形式 | to do | doing | done |
被动形式 | to be done | being done | / | ||
进行时 | 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词动作同时发生。 | to be doing | / | / | |
完成时 | 表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 | 主动形式 | to have done | having done | / |
被动形式 | to have been done | having been done | / | ||
完成进行时 | 表示在谓语动词动作之前一直在进行的动作。 | to have been doing | / | / |
How I wish to travel around the world!
He seemed to be dreaming.
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He pretended to have been studying.
2.动词-ing形式:
I wish you would quit complaining.
I really appreciate having been invited to this party.
3.动词-ed形式:
boiled water a written report(书面报告) mixed feelings(混杂的情绪)
※①动词不定式表示目的,未完成的动作及出乎意料的结果。
②动词-ing形式表示主动进行,伴随状态及自然而然的结果。
③动词-ed形式表示被动完成。
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan. (目的)
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.(伴随)
Seeing from the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the whole city.
Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.
He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (出乎意料)
His parents died, leaving him orphan(孤儿).(自然而然)
⑷接不定式与接—ing形式时意义不同的七个动词。
1stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事情
stop doing sth 停止现在正在做的事情
②go on to do sth 继续去做另一件事情
go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
③forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
④remember to do sth 记得要做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
⑤try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
⑥mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味做某事
⑦regret to do sth 遗憾地做了某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)
regret doing sth 后悔做了某事
I really regret missing his lecture.
I regret to tell you that I cannot come.
Wasting time means killing life.
Sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you.
Exercise:非谓语动词专项练习
1. Tell Mary that there's someone _______for her at the door.
A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait
2. There is a big dog _______to a fence outside the house.
A. tying B. tied C. to tie D .ties
3. _______the early train, you'll have to get up early and rush in a taxi.
A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch
4. There, in the corner, sat three girls, _______.
A. sew B. were sewing C. to sew D. sewing
5. The path in the park looked beautiful, _______ with _______ leaves.
A. covered; falling B. covered; fallen C. covering; falling D. covering, fallen
6. I won't go to the party even if_______.
A. inviting B. being invited C. invited D. having invited
7. All work is pleasant_ ______when the habit of working is formed.
A. done B. doing C. to do D. to be done
8. The man _______in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor.
A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. wore
9. People are talking about the new play _______in two weeks.
A. to be put on B. to put on C. being put on D. put on
10. My work _______, I went home .
A. had been done B. done C. having done D. to be done
11. You can close your umbrella. The rain seems _______.
A. stopping B. to stop C. to have stopped D. having stopped
12. I rushed there in a taxi only _______the library_______.
A. finding; closed B. finding; shut C. to find; close D. to find; closed
13. Many things _______impossible in the past are common today.
A. considering B. to consider C. considered D. being considered
14. As a boy, he was_______ hard all day long.
A. made to work B. to make working C. made working D. to make work
15. The_______look on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
A. exciting B. tired C. tiring D. excited
16._______a nurse, she knew how to take care of a patient.
A. Been B. Being C. To be D. Be
17._______twice,he didn't want to try again.
A. Failed B. Failing C. Having failed D. To fail
18._______by the police again, the thief hung his head.
A. Being caught B. Caught C. Having caught D. To be caught
19. Hearing the _______news, we all felt_______ .
A. encouraging; encouraging B. encouraged; encouraged
C. encouraged; encouraging D. encouraging; encouraged
20._______a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not eceiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having received not
21. She went out, _______her baby by itself.
A. left B. leaving C. having left D. to leave
22. The computer center, _______last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
23.I'm sorry I forgot_ ______him about it, so he didn't come.
A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. having tol
24. _______ for the work, he went to sleep at ease.
A. Well prepared B. Preparing C. Being prepared D. Getting ready
25. - Good morning. Can I help you ?
- I'd like to have this package ____ , madam .
A . be weighed B . to be weighed C . to weigh D . weighed
26.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa .
A . invited B . to invite C . being invited D . had been invited
27 . ____ more attention , the trees could have grown better .
A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given
28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path .
A . to have rested B . resting C . to rest D . rest
29 . The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president .
A . to prepare B . preparing C . prepared D . was preparing
30. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .
A . having written B . to be written C . being written D . written