can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化。
1.含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。
2.含有can的否定句:主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。
3.变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。
否定回答:No,主语+can't.
4.含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English?→What can you speak?二.what time和when引导的特殊疑问句
1.询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用
2.What's the time?=What time is it?现在几点了?
3.时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。when。a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)
b. by+交通工具(单数)
c. on/in+限定词+交通工具
---How do you go to school every day?
---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on thebus every day.
2. how far用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种:(1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers.
(2)用时间表示:It’s twenty minutes’walk.
3. how long用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“----How long have you learnt English?
----For 3 years.
4. how soon用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间,答。
----How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours.四.祈使句用于将来时态,常用“in+时间段”来回for+段时”。
祈使句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹1.现在进行时的基本结构
肯定式:am/is/are+doing(现在分词)
否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)
一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are +主语+doing(现在分词)+其他特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式
They’re having a meeting now.他们现在正在开会。
They aren't having a meeting now.他们现在没有在开会。
Are they having a meeting now?他们现在正在开会吗?What are they doing now?他们现在正在做什么?
2.现在进行时的基本用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。
The little boy is watching TV now.这个小男孩现在正在看电视。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。I am leaving.
我将要离开了。
I am leaving tomorrow.
我将会明天离开。
② 持续动词的进行时,只有在有将来时间状语或将来语境的情况下才可以表示将来含义。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美国教授将要作报告。(将来含义)An American professor is giving a lecture.
一个美国教授正在作报告。(进行含义)
3.现在分词(doing)的变化规则
(1)一般在情况下,在动词词尾加-ing。
go——going
play——playing
know——knowing
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾动词,先去e再加-ing。
make——making
arrive——arriving(4)以-ie结尾,先将-ie改成y,再加-ing。
tie——tying
die——dying
lie——lying
六.There be结构
1. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物),强调存在”其基本结构为“+某物(某人)+某地”,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首。
There is a book on the desk.
On the desk there is a book.
(1)肯定句:“There be+主语(某人/某物)+介词短语”There are three people in my family.我家有三口人。
There is a pen and two books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
(2)否定式:“There be +not+主语+介词短语”There isn’t a boy in the room.房间里没有一个男孩。
There aren’t any books on the desk.书桌上没有书。
注意:“There be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be后加not或no即There be—No, there aren’t.不,没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:一般有两种句型结构
How many+复数名词+are/were there+介词短语?There’re many children in the park.
How many children are there in the park?
How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语?There was little rain around the year.
How much rain was there around the year?
2.have表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”。
The man has two cars.
3. There be句型中的就近原则,即be和距其最近的主语保持一致。
There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.七.选择疑问句
选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况,让对方选择是哪一种,两个选择部分用连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答,直接在两个选择里选一个回答。or
box→boxes,watch→watches
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”family→families,comedy→comedies
(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加esknife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves(5)特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer
2.既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词
chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,当“小鸡”讲时可数;room当“空间”讲时不可数,当“房间”讲时可数;fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;hair泛指“毛发”时不可数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;
一般过去时基本结构
1.肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他
I was an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我是一名英语老师。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。
2.否定句形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加Iwasn't an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我不是一名英语老师。didn't,同时还原行为动词I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。
3.一般疑问句:①was/were提到句首;②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Were you an English teacher one year ago?
一年前你是一名英语老师吗?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?