2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题
科目:翻译硕士英语(代码:211)
A卷
注意事项:
1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
2. 请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔,铅笔答题无效。
3. 请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。
4. 请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答,在试卷上答题无效。
5. 本科目总分为100分,答题时间为3小时,请掌握好答题时间。
6. 考试结束后,请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋,并及时交回。
Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical Structure
Section A
Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)
1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.
[A] obey [B] understand
[C] improve with [D] agree with
2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.
[A]extremely [B]uniformly
[C]explosively [D] continually
3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.
[A] wage [B] headed
[C] Paid for [D] attended to
4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.
[A]fascinate [B]aggravated
[C]offended [D]terrified
5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.
[A]smoothly [B]concurrently
[C]effectively [D]spontaneously
6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.
[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with
[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to
7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.
[A] amazes [B] lures
[C] handles [D] counts
8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.
[A] outlandish [B] exclusive
[C] exempted [D] remote
9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car as a form of travel.
[A] designation [B] mechanization
[C] disappearance [D] friskiness
10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.
[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant
[C] regional [D] periodic
11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.
[A] prematurely [B] economically
[C] specifically [D] proudly
12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.
[A] denounced [B] relieved
[C] analyzed [D] controlled
13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.
[A] demanded [B] created
[C] diagnosed [D] allowed
14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.
[A] vigorous [B] popular
[C] certain [D] careful
15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects
[A] unexpected [B] obvious
[C] adverse [D] immediate
16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.
[A] advocate [B] involve
[C] elicit [D] exaggerate
17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.
[A] event [B] habit
[C] trait [D] gift
18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.
[A] rebuild [B] invade
[C] dominate [D] tend
19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.
[A] carved [B] docked
[C] driven forward [D] carried upright
20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.
[A] treatment [B] consequences
[C] occurrence [D] misfortune
Section B
Directions: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)
21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.
22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.
23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.
24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.
25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.
Task Two: Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)
Text1
The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.
Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.
There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.
Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity.
A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate. A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.
Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god. A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.
26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?
[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.
[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.
[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.
[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.
27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social, or psychological function.
[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fit differently depending on the purpose.
[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.
[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do in selecting everyday clothing.
28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?
[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.
[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.
[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.
[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.
29. Why does the author discuss the police officer’s uniform in paragraph 5?
[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.
[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.
[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.
[D] To show how costume conveys authority.
30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except
[A] playing on a football team.
[B] being a prisoner
[C] having a heart condition.
[D] leading a religious ceremony.
Text2
The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.
The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.
In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schools emphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.
31. The passage deals primarily with the
[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.
[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.
[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.
[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.
32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as
[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter
[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.
33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century
[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.
[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.
[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.
[D] were commissioned by government agencies.
34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?
[A] the American Revolution.
[B] patriotism and other civic virtues
[C] principles of American government.
[D] vocational education
35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that
[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.
[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.
[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.
[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.
Section B
Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
Carbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere would rise steadily.
Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.
There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.
What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.
Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.
Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.
36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?
37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?
38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?
39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?
40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.
Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming.
Task Three: Composition Writing
Directions: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)
“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.
西安外国语大学
2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题
汉语写作与百科知识(代码:448)
A卷
注意事项:
1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
2. 请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔,铅笔答题无效。
3. 请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。
4. 请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答,在试卷上答题无效。
5. 本科目总分为150分,答题时间为3小时,请掌握好答题时间。
6. 考试结束后,请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋,并及时交回。
一、 百科知识(解释下列各句中划线名词的含义。总分50分,每个名词2分;答题时间:60分钟)
1. 在第18届世界美学大会开幕式讲话中,袁仁贵引用孔子的“兴于《诗》,立于礼,成于乐”强调美育对人格塑造的作用。
2. 四书五经将译为八个语种,英文版《论语》将于明年问世。
3. 孔子的“德不孤,必有邻”体现了我国外交的文化渊源。
4. 以色列特拉维夫大学教授欧永福首次将中国古籍《道德经》译为希伯来文。
5. 19世纪自然科学最重要的发现是:能量守恒定律、细胞学说、进化论。
6. 宋代,由于闽学的发展,福建学者的《周易》研究名重全国。
7. “不战而屈人之兵”是中国传略思想的精髓所在。
8. 禅宗对唐代以后的中国文化影响极大,也影响着今天的东亚、欧美文化。
9. “上善若水,情系西南:中国书画大师抗旱救灾慈善捐款会”在京举行。
10. 中医思想认为,“养之不素则病生”。
11. 国学大师季羡林称《大唐西域记》是研究印度历史、哲学史、宗教史、文学史的一部稀世奇书。
12. 由于知识经济的发展,20世纪90年代以来美国经济保持了连续增长。
13. 文艺复兴时期,以伽利略为代表的意大利科学家发展了古希腊的科学文化,开创了实验科学传统。
14. 2008年北京奥运会开幕式堪称一部以奥运语言展示中国的宣传,其内涵可用“礼之用,和为贵”来阐释。
15. 杜甫的《北征》、《三吏》、《三别》集中表现出“沉郁之美”。
16. “大鹏一日同风起,扶摇直上九万里”,足见李白诗歌的“飘逸之美”。
17. 上海世博园中国馆展示的100多米长卷《清明上河图》引起众多观众驻足。
18. 1993年,戈尔表示,美国的“信息高速公路”已初步成型。
19. 以“拯救地球、重在行动”为宗旨的可持续发展世界首脑会议于2002年8月在约翰内斯堡国际会议中心举行。
20. 亚里士多德的“四因说”旨在揭示自然界万物的存在与变化。
21. 公园5世纪左右,罗马教会创办了教会学校,“七艺”成为主要课程。
22. 19世纪《动物起源》的发表引发了一场影响深远的思想。
23. 20世纪中叶,科学、技术、生产的相互渗透全面促进了系统科学的建立。
24. 基因工程的产生使整个生物技术跨入了一个崭新、快速的发展时代。
25. 进入21世纪,东西方两大科学体系正在统一,新科技拉开序幕。
二、 应用文写作(总分40分;答题时间:60分钟)
请根据所提供的两篇英文材料,用汉语编写一片450字左右的新闻报道,标题自拟,要求信息准确,完整客观,言简意赅,行文符合规范。
阅读材料1
U.S. to Probe if China Clean Energy Actions WTO-Legal
Washington Sat. Oct. 16, 2010 6:13 am IST
(Reuters) The U.S. government on Friday agreed to investigate a U.S. labor union’s charges that China subsidizes and protects its green technology producers in violation of global trade rules.
“This is a vitally important sector for the United States,” U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk said. “We take the USW’s (United steelworkers) claims very seriously and we are vigorously investing them.”
Democratic lawmakers hailed the action as assign of President Barack Obama’s determination not to let China use unfair trade practices to dominate global production of solar panels, wind turbines and other green technologies.
“While both China and the U.S. must continue to work toward a clean energy future, it is long past due for the Chinese government to play by the rules,” House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi sail.
The decision, unveiled nine days before it was due on Oct 24, came on the same day as the Treasury Department’s announcement that it was putting off for at least one month a report on whether China is manipulating its currency for an unfair trade advantage.
Treasury said it was delaying its semi-annual report on foreign exchange rate practices until after a pair of international summits in November to give diplomatic pressure on China more time to achieve results.
Kirk’s announcement should play well in hard-hit industrial states and help Democratic congressional candidates who supported the petition make the case they are fighting to save American jobs.
Democratic seats are at risk in many states ahead of the Nov. 2 midterm elections.
USTR’s decision “sends the message that America is not going to stand by while our jobs get outsourced,” said Leo Gerard, president of the steelworkers union.
“As the election approaches, voters should ask every candidate whether they support a trade policy that creates jobs and wealth here at home or one that ignores China’s unfair and illegal practices,” he said.
The union, which represents 1.2 million active and retired members, filed a formal petition with Kirk’s office in September asking it to investigate China’s “illegal activities” in five green technologies areas.
It accuses China of trying to dominate the global clean-energy sector by showering billions of dollars of subsidies on domestic producers, discriminating against foreign firms and goods, restricting foreign access to critical raw materials and requiring foreign investors to transfer technology.
Kirk said U.S. trade officials would more thoroughly investigate the allegations over the next 90 days and decide whether to ask China for consultations on any particular concern, which is the first step in filing a formal complaint at the World Trade Organization.
阅读材料2
U.S. Barking up Wrong Tree by Picking at China’s Clean Energy Industry
XINHUA, 2010-10-04 23:14:20
Beijing, Nov. 4 (Xinhua)—Experts on a TV interview program for Xinhua News Agency Thursday said they were surprised at the U.S. 301 probe into China’s clean energy practices and policies, adding that the United States was barking up the wrong tree in making this decision.
“It is naturally a great cause for each country to develop renewable energy…the development of the renewable energy industry calls for substantial support from the government in combating climate change,” said Qin Haiyan, a senior fellow with the Chinese Wind Energy Association.
However, rapid development of the industry, still new in terms of development, would be impossible without support from the government, Qin said during the show, China View, broadcast on Xinhua’s 24-hourTV service, CNC World.
Throughout the world, government subsidies to boost green technology industries are common practices, noted Qin, “For instance, countries like Germany and Denmark have the so-called feed-in tariff policy, while the United States is putting in place policies such as PTC (Production Tax Credit) and ITC (Investment Tax Credit).”
China encourages the development of this sector through subsidizing the terminal market and giving financial support to the scientific research and development in the field, with 7 million yuan (1billion U.S. dollars) allocated last year to subsidize producers of renewable electricity, Qin said.
China’s top energy chief, Zhang Guobao, said last month that subsidies given by the U.S. government to its new energy enterprises amounted to 4.6 billion U.S. dollars in the first nine months of this year, including 3 billion U.S. dollars for wind power businesses.
The probe decision was made by the U.S. government on Oct. 15 following a petition filed by the United Steelworkers union, who claim China’s “massive” subsidies were responsible for job losses in the United States and market share reductions of U.S. companies amid heightened fears that U.S. Protectionist measures against its trade partners may be on the rise due to its sluggish economic recovery.
“I think it’s very difficult to make a correlation (that China’s subsidies cause woes in the United States) for such a statement,” said Pan Weiping, a senior consultant from GL Garrad Hassan, an independent renewable energy consultancy firm based in the UK.
Pan said, on the one hand, there were only 13Chinese wind turbines installed in the United States so far, while on the other, “U.S. suppliers in the supply chain are benefiting from China’s large renewable energy market.”
Pan said the U.S. company, American Superconductor, has been supplying a large amount of power electronics to wind turbines installed in China, but due to the gap in technology and products, Chinese turbine suppliers have not made much progress in selling the products in the United States.
Though foreign companies are seeing their market shares dwindling in China after Chinese companies gradually caught up after 2005, the scale of their businesses is now expanding, Qin said.
“Take GE, for example, in 2005 the company only sold 80,000 kilowatts of wind power generation products to China, but in2009 the number increased to 300,000, an increase of three fold,” Qin said.
Pan Weiping also rebuked the claim by the United Steelworkers that China’s subsidies have threatened European producers of green technologies, as Europe has been the leading continent in the world in wind energy after decades of development, whereas large-scale development of the sector only began about five years ago in China.
Experts attending the program agreed China must develop its varied renewable energies. “It’s what China must do, being a responsible citizen in the global community. Also, the development of the industry in China would provide immense market opportunities for the world.”Qin said.
三、 命题作文(总分60分;答题时间:60分钟)
1. 阅读材料:
雕刻不出滋味
将同行迎入客厅,老作家端出两碟小吃,大家的注意力一下都集中到了那碟雕刻出花样的菜帮上,一阵啧啧的赞叹后,几只手全伸向堆着水果的那个碟子。不出片刻,水果吃完,而菜帮却丝毫未动。“听说你们最近正为形式和内容的关系争论不休”,送客时老作家说,这两碟小菜就算是我的一种观点吧!”
2. 答题说明:请根据老作家的观点,自拟题目,联系实际,写一篇不少于800字的论说文,陈述并论证你的个人观点。
3. 答题要求:论点明确,论据有力,论证严谨,言简意赅,有一定文采。使用其它文体不给分。
西安外国语大学
2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题
英语翻译基础
A卷
Task One: Special Term Translation
Section A: Chinese to English Translation
Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand special terms used in various Chinese contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and translate underlined term into English. Your version must fit precisely into the context of use.
Write your answers on the Answer Sheet (15points)
1. 中国2010年上海世界博览会闭幕时10月31日晚在上海世博文化中心隆重举行。
2. 各级应切实加强重大传染病防控,提高突发公共卫生事件应急处理能力。
3. 全国常委会于2010年10月通过了《社会保险法》,以法律形式确立了覆盖城乡全体居民的社保体系。
4. 英国首相戈登·布朗访华期间表示,他对提出的“科学发展观”非常感兴趣。
5. 交通银行,简称交行,是中国历史最悠久的银行之一,始建于光绪三十四年(1908年)。
6. 2010年11月19日,中国驻韩大使周力先生等一行四人在欧亚大学副校长的陪同下视察了欧亚大学孔子学院。
7. 资本市场融资要有利于产业结构调整和优化,有利于资源节约型、环境友好型产业的发展。
8. 我们实行积极的财政和适度宽松的货币,全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。
9. 我们要坚持中日关系的正确方向,保持两国高层及各级别的密切往来,发展互利双赢的合作格局。
10. 将继续加强职业教育,以就业为目标,整合教育资源,改进教学方式,着力培养学生的就业创业能力。
11. 加强推进垄断性行业改革,推进公共事业改革,切实放宽市场准入,积极引入竞争机制。
12. 我们坚持自主的和平外交,奉行互利双赢的开放战略,推进建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界,为我们现代化建设创造良好的外部环境。
13. 由国土资源部、银监会携手打造的银行国土信息查询系统将于2011年1月1日起在北京、上海等105个重点城市先行推广运行。
14. 未来五年内,全国再生纸需求量将剧增至5000万吨,其中的大部分增长将来自中国。
15. 随着科学技术的不断发展,局域网逐渐向无线化、多网合一方向发展,带动多种无线技术的广泛应用。
Section B: English to Chinese Translation
Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand special terms used in various English contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and translate the underlined term into Chinese. Your version must fit precisely into the context of use. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15points)
1. Lawmakers and health experts said the difficulty in introducing a carpet smoking ban underlines the challenges faced in a country with the highest number of smokers.
2. Unconditional most-favored-nation treatment has been the corner stone of the modern multilateral trading system since this principle was first actualized in 1947.
3. Airbus has a growing presence in North and Latin America, with more than 55 customers across the region employing a full-range of Airbus aircraft.
4. The Hang Seng Index is number that shows how well or badly shares in companies have performed on the stock exchange in Hong Kong on a particular day.
5. Dairy Queen (DQ) is a type of U.S. fast food restaurant which sells ice cream and other foods, and is popular with young people.
6. The Data Protection Act is a British law that protects people from other people using the information about them that is stored on computers for wrong purposes.
7. Oracle Corporation announced that the U.S. Department of Justice has approved its proposed acquisition of Sun Microsystems.
8. Family Income Support is the money given by the British government to people in Britain who are unemployed and have children.
9. Trophy child refers to a child used to impress other people and enhance the status of the parents.
10. The U.S. Department of Commerce recently released its quarterly data on per capita income (PCI) change, noting an overall drop from 2009 to 2010.
11. Shaw Nature Reserve, an extension of the Missouri Botanical Garden, includes 2500 acres of natural Ozark landscape and managed plant collections.
12. China will impose an anti-dumping duty as high as105.4 percent on U.S. broiler chicken products, effective tomorrow, the Ministry of Comprising said.
13. Disclosed is a high-voltage electric appliance comprising electric coils whose conductors are wrapped by an insulating tape.
14. Operating expenses that arise during the ordinary course of running a business include salaries, R&D costs, legal fees, bank charges, office supplies and more.
15. APEC’s high-level committees released their annual reports outlining their work on corporate governance and regional economic integration.
Task Two: Text Translation
Section A: English to Chinese Translation
Directions: Read each of the following texts carefully and translate them into Chinese. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (60 points)
Text 1
The G20 summit needed to take action in three areas: first, endorsing our decision to tackle our deficit to support economic growth and stability; second, taking all the steps necessary to boost global trade; and third, putting in place the arrangements to address the global imbalances which were at the root of the financial crisis and that still hold back growth in the world economy today. Let me take you through what we have agreed.
First, dealing with our deficits. In Britain, we are taking the tough steps to deal with the massive deficit that we inherited. Here in Seoul, we agreed to formulate and implement clear, credible, ambitious and growth friendly fiscal consolidation plans. We also agreed that the failure to/ implement consolidation plans. We also agreed that the failure to implement consolidation would undermine confidence and growth. There can be no clearer statement of our collective intent than this. Deficits are dangerous; we simply have to deal with them.
Second, boosting trade. Increasing trade is the biggest boost and the biggest stimulus that we could give to the world economy, and it doesn’t cost any money. Britain is an open trading economy. We welcome overseas investment, so this agenda can really help us to create wealth and jobs. That is why I’m linking Britain to the fastest growing countries in the fastest growing parts of the world and why I’m backing so vigorously trade liberalization. Trade barriers, protectionism, beggar-my-neighbor policies, these are the things that wrecked the world economy in the 1930s, and the G20and I are absolutely determined to stop this from happening again. Today, we committed to keeping markets open and liberalizing trade and investment as a means to promote economic progress for all and we said that we would roll back any new protectionist measures that may have arisen.
Text 2
Prime Minister David Cameron has set out what businesses can do to help to build the Big Society. Speaking t the Business in the Community Annual General Meeting and Leadership Summit, he explained how the business sector has the power, creativity and enterprise to help tackle some of the most pressing social challenges the UK faces.
Mr. Cameron said that business should sign up to a commitment to responsible business practice and take action in five priority areas where Government would value business commitment the most. These are: improving skills and creating jobs, for example by increasing the number of apprenticeships; supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, such as by mentoring a start-up business; reducing carbon and protecting the environment and improving quality of life and wellbeing through measures such as introducing flexible working.
The PM said, “As it shows every day that Britain’s great businesses are not just a force for good in our economy. You are a force for good in our society too. You have the power, the creativity and the enterprise to help us tackle some of the most pressing social challenges we face. By meeting our shared responsibilities, we will build a shared future, a stronger future and a better Britain.”
Section B: Chinese to English Translation
Directions: Read the following texts carefully and translate them into English. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (60 points)
Text 1
丝绸之路是西汉(公元前202年—公元8年)使者张骞开辟的以长安(金西安)为起点,经由甘肃、,通往中亚、西亚、欧洲及北非的陆上通道。19世纪末,德国地质学家李希霍芬(F.von Richthofen)将这条交通大道誉为“丝绸之路”,这一称谓从此得到世界的广泛承认。丝绸之路,是亚欧的交通动脉,是中国、印度、希腊三种主要文化交汇的桥梁,在世界上有重大的意义。
Text 2
深圳市位于中国的南方珠江三角洲东岸,是中国第一个经济特区,经批准于1980年8月6日正式设立。经过30年的建设,深圳由一个昔日的边陲小镇发展成为具有国际影响力的新兴城市,创造了举世瞩目的“深圳速度”。深圳是中国口岸最多的城市,是中国与世界交往的主要门户之一。深圳有着强劲的经济支撑与现代化的基础设施,城市综合竞争力为列于内地城市第一。到2010年,深圳将建设成为中国高科技产业基地和区域性金融中心、信息中心、商贸中心、运输中心及旅游胜地,将成为现代化的国际性城市。